Henriette von Schuckmann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Henriette Eleonore Augusta von Schuckmann , b. Baron Henriette von Lüttwitz (born August 5, 1769 in Mittelsteine , Grafschaft Glatz ; † April 17, 1799 in Bayreuth ) was the daughter of the general landscape representative Hans Wolf Freiherr von Lüttwitz and wife of the Prussian politician Friedrich von Schuckmann , in whose house she lived as an unmarried 21 -year-old accepted a marriage proposal from Goethe .

Life

Little is known about Henriette's youth. She probably grew up on one of the Silesian country estates (Hartlieb near Breslau , Fürstenau , Wallwitz, Zäcklau and Kädenitz) on her father, who died in 1793. Her mother did not die until 1813. Henriette must have enjoyed an unusually well-founded philosophical education for a young noble girl. By the age of twenty she had already read works by Shaftesbury , Locke , Hume , Helvétius , Mendelssohn and Hemsterhuis and turned to Rousseau and Montesquieu .

Application by Goethe

On his trip to Silesia, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who had been living with Christiane Vulpius since the end of 1788 and had already become a father, met Henriette von Lüttwitz, then 21, in the late summer of 1790. She had been friends with the late wife of his host Friedrich von Schuckmann, Leopoldine von Röder. His marriage proposal, to which Henriette was inclined, was rejected by her father, who had been raised to baron two years earlier, out of class considerations. Goethe, who had meanwhile traveled on to the Wieliczka salt mines near Cracow , found the rejection when he returned to Breslau on September 10, 1790; on September 19 he started his return journey. A few months later, on April 25, 1791, Henriette entered into a compulsory marriage with the now widowed Friedrich von Schuckmann. He acquired the Hartlieb Castle estate as a dowry.

Life in Bayreuth

In 1795 Henriette moved to Bayreuth, where her husband worked as President of the War and Domain Chambers in the principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth , which had just become Prussian . Their daughter Marianne, later married von Pannwitz , was born in 1796. In February 1796, Henriette began correspondence with Giacomo Casanova , whom she and Juliane von Krüdener had met in 1786 in Dux Castle . In witty letters that conjured up Kant and the Enlightenment , she confessed to him how strange she felt in her new environment: “I feel the sickness of my little mental dose, I face my intellectual death, despair is mixed in with it, and I rush into it skepticism. Since I've been here, I've doubted everything and don't see anything good. ”Casanova advised her to go to company to prevent melancholy.

death

Henriette von Schuckmann died on April 17, 1799 in Bayreuth at the age of 29. Friedrich von Schuckmann then got a third marriage with her younger sister, Eleonore von Lüttwitz (1778-1854). Goethe himself kept silent about the affair all his life. It was not until Henriette's brother, Ernst Freiherr von Lüttwitz (1776–1837), that his application was made known in his Schuckmann biography.

literature

  • Ernst Freiherr von Lüttwitz: Biography of the royal. Prussian Minister of State Freiherrn v. Schuckmann, District President a. D. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1835.
  • Adalbert Hoffmann: Goethe in Breslau and Upper Silesia and his advertisement for Henriette v. Liettwitz. New contributions to Goethe's life story. G. Mask, Opole / Leipzig 1898.
  • Irma Margarethe Lengersdorff: Goethe's intention to marry from the year 1790. In: Goethe-Jahrbuch, New Series Volume 27. 1965, pp. 175–192.
  • Heinz Piontek : Goethe on the road in Silesia. Almost a novel. Bergstadtverlag Korn, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-87057-173-X .
  • Hartmut Scheible : Goethe's Silesian love and the old Casanova. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. No. 196, August 24, 2011, p. N 4. Web resource

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See her letter to Casanova, May 28, 1796, in: Lettres de femmes à Jacques Casanova . Receuillies et annotées by Aldo Ravà. Société des éditions Louis Michaud, Paris 1911, p. 286.
personal data
SURNAME Schuckmann, Henriette von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schuckmann, Henriette Eleonora Augusta (full name); Lüttwitz, Henriette von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Silesian civil servant's daughter, love of Johann Wolfgang Goethe
DATE OF BIRTH August 5, 1769
PLACE OF BIRTH Mittelsteine , County of Glatz
DATE OF DEATH April 17, 1799
Place of death Bayreuth