Pariser Platz
| Pariser Platz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 Pariser Platz with the Brandenburg Gate |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | 1734 |
| Confluent streets | Under the linden trees |
| Buildings | see → here |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , cyclists , road traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | around 1.5 hectares |
The Pariser Platz is a scale in the urban expansion in 1734 place at the end of the boulevard Unter den Linden in Berlin district center of the district of the same . In World War II destroyed, it was 1961-1989 in the border area of the divided city and was later rebuilt. The Brandenburg Gate by Carl Gotthard Langhans is located on the western edge of the square . It is known as the “good room in Berlin”.
history
The Pariser Platz was laid out between 1732 and 1734 during the second Baroque expansion of the city (including the adjacent Friedrichstadt ) under Friedrich Wilhelm I by Philipp Gerlach . At first it was only built on with aristocratic palaces , noble townhouses of the nobility. The original name of the square was - according to its shape - square or - after the French - quarree . Together with the Achteck or Octogon squares (since 1814 Leipziger Platz ) and the circular Rondell (since 1946/47 Mehringplatz ), he specified the new south-western city limits.
In 1814 it received its name on the occasion of the conquest of Paris by Prussian troops in the Wars of Liberation . From around 1850 the development of the square was standardized in the classical style. In 1880, the gardening director Hermann Mächtig redesigned the square, with two rectangular ornamental beds being created on the sides of the square. In the middle of each was a round fountain basin with a fountain emerging from a bronze acanthus leaf crown . In 1926 Oskar Kokoschka painted the square.
Pariser Platz suffered severe damage in World War II , especially in 1945 ( Battle of Berlin ). The GDR had the remaining buildings completely demolished until the Berlin Wall was built, only the rear part of Palais Arnim was preserved. After the fall of the Berlin Wall , the rebuilding of the square was controversial from 1993 . As a result, the square was rebuilt according to the design specifications of Bruno Flierl and Hans Stimmann , supplemented by requirements of the Berlin Senate . The key points were the Berlin eaves height of 22 meters as well as the requirement to use only standing windows for the new buildings and to design a maximum of 50 percent of the facade surface in glass: historical elements and modern construction should result in a unity in order to remember the “golden times” of the square to tie in.
Garden archaeological excavations from 1990 onwards led to the redesign of the square according to the historical model according to plans by the state garden monument keeper Klaus von Krosigk including the fountains and granite paving. From 1998 to 2002 federal highways 2 and 5 ran over Pariser Platz. Since the redesign of the square in 2002 to a pedestrian area with a restricted driving ban (exceptions: bicycles, taxis and residents), the route has now been routed south via Glinkastraße, Behrenstraße and Ebertstraße and north via Dorotheenstraße around Pariser Platz. In addition, it forms the counterpart to the Place of March 18th on the other side of the Brandenburg Gate. The Strasse des 17. Juni , which crosses the Tiergarten , ends there .
Brandenburg Gate in the west of the square
French embassy in the northeast
New building of the Hotel Adlon
New building for the Academy of Arts
American Embassy in the Southwest
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building
The following buildings were or are directly at the square (counterclockwise):
- Brandenburg Gate
- Haus Sommer , Pariser Platz 1, 1912 to 1935 seat of the bank “Hugo Oppenheim & Sohn”, Commerzbank since the 1990s, adjoining the gate to the south
- Embassy of the United States , Pariser Platz 2 (formerly: Palais Blücher )
- Palais Wrangel , Pariser Platz 3, DZ-Bank building on Pariser Platz since the 1990s ,
- Palais Arnim , Pariser Platz 4, 1907 expansion as the seat of the Prussian Academy of the Arts , 1937 to 1945 seat of the general building inspector ; 1945 War damage to the palace, 1950–1993 use of the undamaged extension by the GDR Academy of the Arts , 2005 new building of the palace, demolished in 1960, since then the seat of the Academy of the Arts
- Redernsches Palais , demolished in 1905 for the construction of the Hotel Adlon ( Unter den Linden 77)
- Pariser Platz 4a has been the capital city office of the political magazine Der Spiegel since May 8, 2006 and a Starbucks branch is located on the ground floor . The private Brandenburg Gate Museum has also been located there since 2016
- Palais Beauvryé , Pariser Platz 5, the seat of the French embassy since 1835, damaged in 1943 and later demolished, since the end of the 20th century the location of the new building for the French embassy
- Eugen Gutmann House at Dresdner Bank , Pariser Platz 5a – 6
- Palais am Pariser Platz , Pariser Platz 6a
- Liebermann House , Pariser Platz 7, adjacent to the gate to the north; Destroyed in the Second World War, in 2000 a new building based on the historic building and since then the seat of the Brandenburg Gate Foundation
View of the square before World War II, 1939
Palais Beauvryé (French Embassy), 1937
Hotel Adlon , 1926
Palais Arnim (Academy of Arts), 1933
Palais Blücher (American Embassy), 1932
View of the square after the Second World War, 1945
Construction of the Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg Gate , 1961
Surroundings
In the vicinity are:
- north of the Reichstag building with the adjoining parliament and government district ,
- to the northwest the memorial to the Sinti and Roma of Europe murdered under National Socialism ,
- to the west the Soviet memorial in the zoo ,
- to the south the monument to the murdered Jews of Europe ,
- southeast the embassy of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ,
- to the east the embassies of Russia and Hungary .
Famous residents
- Achim von Arnim , poet
- Bernhard von Beauvryé , general, artillery commander and fireworker
- August von Kotzebue , playwright
- August Wilhelm Iffland , actor, theater director and playwright
- Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , military leader and Napoleon conqueror
- Friedrich Carl von Savigny , Prussian Minister of State
- Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Redern , General Director of the Royal Drama
- Giacomo Meyerbeer , composer
- Count Friedrich von Wrangel , popular Prussian military leader and governor of Berlin
- Max Liebermann , painter
- Princess von Radziwill , b. Castellane No. 3
- Albert Speer , architect and armaments minister during the Nazi era
See also
literature
- Senate Department for Building and Housing (Ed.): Pariser Platz. Critical reconstruction of the area ( urban development and architecture. Report 2, 1991). Berlin 1991, ISSN 0940-774X .
- Laurenz Demps : The Pariser Platz - Berlin's reception room . Berlin 1995.
- Gerhard Drexel: Around Pariser Platz . ISBN 3-930863-83-9
- Matthias Pabsch: Pariser Platz - architecture and technology . ISBN 3-496-01259-5
- Ralf Pröve : Pariser Platz 3. The story of an address in Germany . Nicolai, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-87584-517-X .
- Günter de Bruyn : Under the lime trees . Siedler Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-88680-789-4
- Dieter Zimmer and Carl-Ludwig Paeschke: The gate. Germany's most famous building in two centuries. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 978-3-421-06601-5 .
Web links
- Pariser Platz. In: arch INFORM .
- Pariser Platz. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Pariser Platz at the Senate Department for Urban Development
- History of Pariser Platz at the Senate Department for Urban Development
- Sights at berlin.de
- StadtPanorama - Interactive 360 ° panorama
- Berlin 1945/2005 - Panorama installation “Pariser Platz 1945” on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the end of the war in 2005
- Design statutes for Pariser Platz by Bruno Flierl and Walter Rolfes
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dirk Westphal: Architecture: Berlin's parlor is complete again . January 12, 2008 ( welt.de [accessed March 29, 2019]).
- ↑ on behalf of Paul Cassirer , cf. Jens Dirksen: Kokoschka and the difficult field of Nazi looted art. In: Derwesten.de , May 4, 2015.
- ↑ Two historical fountains on Pariser Platz on the Berlin Senate website
- ^ Hugo Oppenheim & Sohn, private bank, registered 1912, liq .: 1935, Pariser Platz 1 (center), Jewish commercial enterprises in Berlin 1930–1945, accessed on July 25, 2016
- ↑ New construction of the historic summer house . In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 1, 2009.
- ↑ Karin Franzke: "Spiegel" opens its new capital city office. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , May 10, 2006.
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 59 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 44 ″ E