Berlin-Friedrichswerder

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Friedrichswerder marked with "C", 1688

Friedrichswerder is a historic district in what is now Berlin 's Mitte district . It is identical to the town of Friedrichswerder , founded in 1662 , which was an independent town until 1710. From 1710 Friedrichswerder belonged to the Prussian residence city of Berlin. The former city and the later district is named after Elector Friedrich Wilhelm ( Great Elector ).

geography

Historic neighborhoods in the city center of Berlin, in Berlin-Mitte , as they were divided in 1727.

1a Nikolaiviertel
1b Heilige-Geist-Viertel
1c Marienviertel
1d Klosterviertel
2a Schlossviertel
2b Marktviertel
2c Neu-Kölln
3a Gertraudenviertel
3b Schleusenviertel
Sources:
Content: CEGeppert: Chronicle of Berlin from the development of the city to the present day , Berlin 1840 , August Brass: Chronicle of Berlin Potsdam and Charlottenburg, Berlin 1843
Map basis: District Office Mitte von Berlin

location

Friedrichswerder lies between the Spree Canal and the moat, which was filled in between 1833 and 1883, the course of which can still be seen today on the property boundaries and which is characterized by the Moorish colonnades and the street on the moat. In the south the district borders on Neu-Kölln , in the west on Friedrichstadt .

The Eiserne Brücke , the Schloßbrücke , the Schleusenbrücke and the Jungfernbrücke lead to the eastern part of the Alt-Kölln district .

structure

The Friedrichswerder was divided into two quarters around 1727:

history

1662 until today

In 1662, Friedrichswerder was the first urban expansion in the west of the twin cities of Berlin - Kölln to be elevated to the status of a municipality by an electoral free letter and protection letter, and in 1668 it was included in the Berlin fortress . The name Werder is due to the fact that the newly founded town was initially almost completely surrounded by the Spree Canal and the fortress moat. In 1678, the up-and-coming residential city received its own town hall . On January 18, 1709, the Prussian King Friedrich I ordered the unification of the municipalities of Berlin, Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt into the royal capital and residence of Berlin .

Since the 1870s, large buildings have displaced parts of the old residential buildings and Hausvogteiplatz has developed into a business center for the textile industry. The number of inhabitants reached its maximum in 1875 with 9176 and was still 2979 in 1910. During the Second World War the Friedrichswerder suffered severe damage.

In 1995 the former Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the GDR was canceled.

In the 1990s, the house on Werderschen Markt , located between the Spree Canal and Kurstrasse, underwent a general renovation. It was built for the Reichsbank between 1934 and 1940 and was the seat of the Central Committee of the SED from 1959 to 1989 . The extension to Werderschen Strasse was completed in 1999 and the entire complex was handed over to the Foreign Office as its official headquarters.

Since 2005, the war-related open spaces have been gradually rebuilt in accordance with the inner city plan approved in 1999 . A new residential area with town houses and hotels was built between Französische Straße and Alter Leipziger Straße on an almost historical city plan . The Crown Prince Gardens project was set up between 2012 and 2019. It is a building complex that was built on the historical city plan between Werderscher Rosenstraße and Französischer Straße and Oberwallstraße to Friedrichwerder's Church, but which far exceeds the few older buildings in the neighborhood. During the construction work there was serious damage to the Friedrichswerder Church. The rebuilt Falkoniergasse is not open to the public. Finally, the west side of Schinkelplatz and the north side of Werderscher Markt were rebuilt.

Important events and occurrences

In front of Werderscher Markt 11 (previously: 5/6), a memorial stele was inaugurated in 2018, commemorating the Jewish fashion house Herrmann Gerson and its future owners, the Freudenberg family , who were persecuted during the Nazi era . After the " Aryanization " in 1939, the fashion house was converted into the Reich Criminal Police Office. In the building, work was actively carried out on the testing and development of mass gasification.

  • Townhouses

  • Old Foreign Office building

  • Main building of the Foreign Office

  • Memorial stele, Werderscher Markt 11

Culture

Museums

The 1706 completed armory now serves the German Historical Museum as an exhibition. Behind the building, in the street Hinter dem Gießhaus, which is reminiscent of the former Royal Casthouse (1645–1875), is now the exhibition building of the German Historical Museum , which was built in 2003 by the Chinese - American architect Ieoh Ming Pei .

The Friedrichswerder Church was built in 1830 by Karl Friedrich Schinkel on Werderscher Markt. It was used as a Schinkel Museum until 2012.

Other cultural institutions

The late classicist Kronprinzenpalais (Unter den Linden 3) was destroyed in World War II and rebuilt in 1968. Today exhibitions and cultural events take place here.

Between the Friedrichswerder Church and the Spree Canal, the building academy, also built by Schinkel, stood until 1962 . Efforts are being made to rebuild the Bauakademie true to the original. In the dummy building there is an event and exhibition room.

  • Exhibition building of the German Historical Museum

  • German Historical Museum (former armory)

  • Crown Prince Palace

  • The Friedrichwerder Church

  • Building Academy

Historic buildings

There are seven individual monuments in Friedrichswerder and one ground monument.

literature

  • Erika Schachinger: The Berlin suburb Friedrichswerder 1658–1708, publications from the Preussischer Kulturbesitz archives, supplement 4, Vienna 1993 ISBN 3-412-13992-0 .
  • Monuments in Berlin, Mitte district, Petersberg 2003, p. 39 ff, ISBN 3-935590-80-6 .

Web links

Commons : Friedrichswerder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CEGeppert: Chronicle of Berlin from the development of the city to the present day , Berlin 1840
  2. ^ Friedrich Leyden: Greater Berlin. Geography of the cosmopolitan city. Hirt, Breslau 1933 (therein: Development of the population in the historic districts of Old Berlin , p. 206)
  3. ↑ Stadtmuseum Foundation (ed.): Robbered Center, The "Aryanization" of Jewish property in Berlin's city center 1933–1945 (exhibition catalog) , Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-9812257-2-3 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '  N , 13 ° 24'  E