Castle district

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Historic neighborhoods in the city center of Berlin, in Berlin-Mitte , as they were divided in 1727.

1a Nikolaiviertel
1b Heilige-Geist-Viertel
1c Marienviertel
1d Klosterviertel
2a Schlossviertel
2b Marktviertel
2c Neu-Kölln
3a Gertraudenviertel
3b Schleusenviertel
Sources:
Content: CEGeppert: Chronicle of Berlin from the development of the city to the present day , Berlin 1840 , August Brass: Chronicle of Berlin Potsdam and Charlottenburg, Berlin 1843
Map basis: District Office Mitte von Berlin

The Schlossviertel (historically: Schloßviertel ) is one of what used to be three quarters in the historic Berlin district of Alt-Kölln , which is part of today's Berlin-Mitte district. The name has existed since at least 1727 and refers to the Berlin Palace , where the Humboldt Forum now stands.

history

The history of the Schlossviertel in its southern part goes back to the time when the city of Berlin - Kölln was founded around 1230. From 1443 the city walls of Kölln the first was in the middle part of the later Castle district, north palace of the Hohenzollern built. After the construction of Schlueter's palace in 1713, the sovereign acquired several pieces of land south of the palace to donate Burglehn and free houses for court officials and servants. One of them was the house at Breite Strasse  3.

To the south of the Schlossplatz on the Spree was the Marstall , which in the 19th century, along with the uses housed there, took up half of the block.

In addition to the elegant Breite Straße, the Brüderstraße also belongs to the Schlossviertel, where important palaces were also located.

After the destruction of World War II , the castle was in ruins and many of the buildings were destroyed. Nevertheless, numerous buildings had been rebuilt, especially south of Schlossplatz, especially on Sperlingsgasse. The castle ruins, however, were blown up in 1951 for political reasons and against widespread protest from East and West.

With the beginning of the reconstruction of the inner city as the center of the socialist capital Berlin, all historic buildings, some of which had just been renovated, were demolished with a few exceptions. The State Council building was built on Schlossplatz in 1962–1964 and further government and ministerial buildings adjoining the Breite Straße to the south. Between Friedrichsgracht and Brüderstraße, apartment houses with tiny apartments were built according to designs by the Prasser / Graffunder collective. In 1966, the Berlin City Library was rebuilt on Breiten Strasse. In 1976 the Palace of the Republic opened with the seat of the People's Chamber . The Berlin Cathedral was restored until 1984.

Buildings in the Schlossviertel

Ribbeckhaus, built in 1624, additional storey at the beginning of the 19th century.
Palace of the Republic, built in 1974, demolished in 2008
Excavations in 2008, foundations of the Petrikirche

Schlossviertel today

Since the early 1990s, the Schlossviertel has been part of the capital development area of ​​Berlin - parliament and government district . As a result of the preparatory investigations, the importance of the historical town plan was emphasized in 1993. On the other hand, a replica of the palace was rejected and an examination of the conversion of the Palace of the Republic was recommended.

In 2002, however , the German Bundestag decided to build the Humboldt Forum with replicas of the baroque palace facades on the north, west and south sides as well as the Schlüterhof, which meant the demolition of the Palace of the Republic. In 2020 the Humboldt Forum is to open as a unique center for art, culture, science and education.

From 2007 to 2009, Breite Straße was narrowed to roughly its original width, but without the slight sweep it used to have. After that, archaeological excavations took place on the west side of the road. The cellars of the former houses that were found are to be preserved and retained in the planned new building with residential buildings in the sense of an archaeological window, including the cellar of the Ermelerhaus, Breite Straße 11.

At Petriplatz , the location of the oldest parish church in Berlin, the Petrikirche , extensive archaeological excavations were also carried out, which, among other things, uncovered the foundation walls of the medieval Latin school. These will also be retained and will be integrated into the new building of the archaeological center . The interreligious House of One is also being built on Petriplatz .

literature

  • Institute for Monument Preservation (ed.): The architectural and art monuments of the GDR, Berlin, Volume I, Berlin 1984, ISBN 978-3-406-09599-3
  • Joachim Schulz, Werner Gräbner: Architectural Guide GDR - Berlin, Capital of the GDR, Berlin 1976
  • Senate Department for Building and Housing (Ed.): Spreeinsel, Preparatory Investigations - Parliament and Government Quarter Berlin, Interim Report, Urban Development and Architecture, Report 16, Berlin 1992
  • Senate Department for Building and Housing (Ed.): Parliament and Government Quarter Berlin, Results of the Preparatory Investigations, Urban Development and Architecture, Report 17, Berlin 1993
  • Claudia Mehlisch, Marina Wesner: St. Petri Church, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-929829-87-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CEGeppert: Chronicle of Berlin from the development of the city to the present day , Berlin 1840
  2. ↑ Senate Department for Building and Housing (Ed.): Parliament and Government District Berlin, results of the preparatory studies, urban development and architecture, report 17 , Berlin 1993; P. 100
  3. ↑ Berlin: Capital d. German Democrat. Republic (=  architecture guide GDR ). 2., verb. Edition Verlag für Bauwesen, VEB, Berlin 1976 ( dnb.de [accessed on September 13, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Spreeinsel: preparatory studies parliament and government district Berlin; Interim report (=  urban development and architecture . No. 16 ). Senate Department for Building and Housing, Berlin 1992 ( dnb.de [accessed on September 13, 2019]).
  5. ^ Berlin: Parliament and government district Berlin: results of the preparatory studies; Abstract (=  urban development and architecture . No. 17 ). Senate Department for Building and Housing, Berlin 1993 ( dnb.de [accessed on September 13, 2019]).