Brüderstrasse (Berlin-Mitte)

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Brothers Street
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Brothers Street
View from Petriplatz through Brüderstraße to the State Council building
Basic data
place Berlin
District center
Created in the 13th century
Hist. Names Domgasse
Connecting roads none
(historically: Schloßplatz )
Cross streets Sperlingsgasse,
Neumannsgasse,
Scharrenstrasse
Places Petriplatz
use
User groups Road traffic
Technical specifications
Street length 150 meters
(originally 280 m)
Street scene in 1900
Brüderstraße and Petrikirche on a painting by Eduard Gaertner

The Brüderstraße is a 150 (originally 280) meter long street in the Berlin district of Mitte of the district of the same name . It belongs to the historic district of Alt-Kölln and has existed since the 13th century.

Location and course

Since 1964, Brüderstraße has been running from Sperlingsgasse or Neumannsgasse to Scharrenstraße and Petriplatz . It originally began on the Schlossplatz or in front of the Dominican monastery church. The house numbers originally run in the shape of a horseshoe from house no.1 on Schloßplatz to Scharrenstrasse and back to house no.45. After the street was shortened, the house numbers were not changed and now start with no.10 on Sperlingsgasse and end with no 33 on Neumannsgasse.

Street name

It was named after the Black Brothers, the Dominican monks , who had founded their monastery on the site of what would later become the Schlossplatz, with the Brüderstraße leading to the monastery.

The illustration from Hermann Vogt “The street names of Berlin” can be seen: “The oldest part of the same - between Neumanns Gasse and Petri Platz - takes its name from the convent of the Dominican Brothers located here, who settled in this street in 1297. The remaining part was previously called ' Nach dem Neuen Stifte ', after the Dominican Church was elevated to the status of the New Cathedral in 1469. In a loan letter from Elector Joachim Sigismund, it is called ' Dom-Gasse '. The whole street has had its current name since the Great Elector. "

A later legend about the origin of the name says that four brothers lived in this street who had vowed never to marry. Without knowing each other, however, the four of them fell in love with the same girl who was possessed by the devil. She invited all four to meet in the same place at the same time. However, when the brothers saw that they had been betrayed, they shook hands and renewed their promise not to enter into marriage. In order not to be tempted again, they became monks and founded a monastery at the end of their street.

history

Middle Ages to the 19th century

Founded in the 13th century, the Brüderstraße is one of the oldest streets in Berlin. Historical documents show that a convent of the Dominican monastery settled on this street in 1297 . Therefore, the naming of the street after the Dominican monks is also the most credible, although there are also other legends about it (see: Legend of the origin of the name ).

N ° 21, N ° 26 N ° 10
East Side
West side

In the Brüderstraße, a copper engraving from 1808 based on a template by Franz Ludwig Catel shows three box wells. These handle pumps were installed above boiler wells to supply the population with drinking, service and extinguishing water before the water network in Berlin at the end of the 19th century. Century was expanded. One is on the east side 20 m north at the corner of Scharrenstrasse (house N ° 21) (# 116, location ), a second on the east side of the street was 70 m south towards the corner of Neumanns Gasse (in front of house N ° 26, opposite N ° 13, the Nicolaihaus) (# 117, location ) and a third alley well, which supplied the residents in the Brüderstraße, stood 10 meters from the corner of Spreestrasse (on the western side of the street at house N ° 10) (# 118, location ) Well was enclosed to protect against weather and pollution and damage. A pointed roof protected the box from above, the handle was on the side and the outlet pipe was directed towards the cutting channel. In order to protect the wooden housing, there was a sloping board under the discharge to protect against splashing water. In addition, there were usually two to four vats next to them, in which the immediate supply of extinguishing water required in the event of a fire was available.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, people who were important for Berlin's cultural life lived in Brüderstraße, including the builder and artist Andreas Schlueter , the bookseller and writer Friedrich Nicolai , the printer Georg Jacob Decker , the draftsman Daniel Chodowiecki , and the porcelain manufacturer Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky , the "father of German population statistics" Johann Peter Süßmilch and the silk manufacturer Jean Paul Humbert . This was the scene of the Berlin tumult of 1615, in which the houses of the cathedral preachers were attacked and looted.

The street was in the 18./19. Century the preferred residence of wealthy residents, including numerous merchants, master craftsmen and manufacturers such as Jobst Schultheiss .

In 1768 there was the Maurer und Bracht wine shop (1799: Maurer's heirs ). The Propstei zu Kölln was in house number 11 , next to it there was an embroidery factory , a font foundry and the Italian warehousing , a meeting place for fine ladies with a range of products all about beauty. House no. 39 housed the Gasthaus zur Stadt Paris   and directly on Schloßplatz, in the Haus zum Dom was its administration, the directory . Towards the end of the 19th century, the character changed from an elegant, quiet residential area to a lively shopping street.

20th century

Rudolph Hertzog , who started a “Manufactur-Waaren-Handlung” in the Breite Straße, expanded to the Brüderstraße at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1909 the extension building still preserved today was completed at the corner of Brüderstraße and Scharrenstraße.

During the Second World War , Allied air raids destroyed over a fifth of the buildings on Brüderstraße, and around three quarters were considered damaged but could be rebuilt.

From 1962 to 1964 the State Council building was built according to plans by Josef Kaiser and Roland Korn. In this context, the buildings on the northern Brüderstraße, which had survived the war, were demolished, including the listed buildings numbers 8 and 39a. In 1964, according to a design by the leading landscape architect in the GDR, Hubert Matthes , the garden of the State Council building was laid out, at the fence of which the Brüderstraße currently ends. In the remaining part of the Brüderstraße only the department store building of Rudolph Hertzog at number 26 and the baroque houses No. 10 ( Galgenhaus ) and 13 ( Nicolaihaus ), as well as the commercial building No. 11-12, remained. One of the demolished buildings was Schlüterhaus number 33 , which was burnt out inside, dating from around 1700. At the beginning of the 1960s, apartment houses with tiny apartments were built on the cleared land on the west side of the street, based on designs by the Prasser / Graffunder collective. The corner property at Brüderstraße and Neumannsgasse was included in the new building of the GDR Ministry of Construction.

New developments in the cityscape

Between 2006 and 2010, the extension of Brüderstraße to Gertraudenstraße, which was made after the Petrikirche was demolished, was reversed. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the Brüderstraße has been part of the capital development area of Berlin - parliament and government district . The publicly available space is to be “ qualified through a mix of uses and reurbanization ”. In addition, the Brüderstraße is within the scope of the development plan I-218, which was approved in 2011.

Buildings and Memories

On a prospectus from 1690, the Brüderstraße is shown with a view from the castle to the Petrikirche and the houses that were notable at the time are drawn: 1) Herr Happens Hausz 2) the pharmacy, 3) the address House 4) the Spree Gasse 5) the Petikirche 6) annoch undeveloped Joh. Stridtbeckh.

  • Brüderstraße 10 (Galgenhaus) The house at Brüderstraße 10 is one of the oldest surviving town houses in Berlin. In the so-called “Galgenhaus”, Galerie Kewenig has been showing exhibitions on Arte Povera , Minimal Art and Conceptual Art since September 2013 . The name goes back to the fact that a maid was hanged here for the alleged theft of a silver spoon that was later found in the goat pasture.
Brothersstrasse 13 (1952)
  • Brüderstraße 13 (Nicolaihaus)In the house built as a residence at Brüderstraße 13, Count Mirabeau stayed , among others , when he applied for a position in the Prussian service in 1785; However, Frederick the Great refused. Christoph Friedrich Nicolai , who was already known as an author, critic and important publisher and bookseller and owned the neighboring houses 14 and 15, bought the house at Brüderstraße 13 for 30,000 thalers in 1787  and had it renovated and converted by Carl Friedrich Zelter . Nicolai died on January 8, 1811 in house number 13 and was buried in the Luisenstadt cemetery with great public sympathy . After the death of the founder, his son-in-law, Gustav Parthey , continued the Nicolaische Verlagbuchhandlung. From Easter to May 1811, the student Theodor Körner was a guest at Parthey's house after he had to leave Leipzig because of a duel . Between the spring of 1814 and 1815 Elisa von der Recke lived with her partner, the poet Christoph August Tiedge, in the house at Brüderstraße 13. Christian Gottfried Körner , the father of the poet Theodor Körner and friend of Schiller , rented an apartment after being appointed to the State Council in 1815. The Körner family lived here until 1828. Because of all the famous writers, the building was also called the “poet's corner of Berlin”. In the 20th century the house was the seat of the Institute for the Preservation of Monuments and a museum at the same time. In 2011 Suhrkamp Verlag , which was based in Frankfurt am Main until 2009, wanted to move its headquarters to the Nicolaihaus. But in July 2011 the German Foundation for Monument Protection bought the Nicolaihaus in order to merge the existing Berlin and Potsdam representations in one house in 2012 .
Rudolph Hertzog department store
  • Brüderstraße 26. The building at Brüderstraße 26 was part of Rudolph Hertzog's department store , one of the oldest and largest department stores in Berlin. Hertzog founded the facility in 1839 as a manufactory goods dealership . The remaining part of the department store on Brüderstraße was built in 1908/1909 according to plans by Gustav Hochgürtel . In the 1960s, the facade damaged in World War II was simply restored. In the GDR era, this building on the corner of Scharrenstrasse was the location of the three- person Chic sales point (youth fashion department store and wedding outfitter). The house is a listed building, but is empty. The building is taken care of by a company that deals with the development of undeveloped land because a new user is being sought (as of early 2014).
  • Brüderstraße 39. Brothersstraße 39 was the location of the Gasthof Stadt Berlin for a long time . Mirabeau stayed here when he was sent from France to Berlin to investigate the situation after the expected death of Frederick the Great . In addition to secret information, Mirabeau also wrote his work Sur la monarchie prussienne sous Frédéric le Grand here . Madame de Staël , who arrived here on March 8, 1804 after visiting Goethe in Weimar , also lived in the hotel, which was called the Gasthaus zur Stadt Paris around 1800 . Even Joseph von Eichendorff lived here on November 20, 1809. In 1740 was in the inn located here the Masonic Loge Aux trois Globes founded. From this emerged the oldest Prussian grand lodge, the Great National Mother Lodge, “To the Three Worlds” .
  • Brüderstraße 45. Until 1846, the cathedral school and the sexton of the Berlin cathedral were housed in the house at Brüderstraße 45 . The community finally sold the building and relocated the school to Kleine Praesidentstrasse 5 on Hackescher Markt .

literature

Web links

Commons : Brüderstraße  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Domgasse . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  2. ↑ Schjriften of the Association for the history of Berlin . Booklet XXII, The Street Names of Berlin. By Hermann Vogt , Berlin 1885, commissioned by Bernd Mittler and Son, Königliche Buchhandlung, Kochstrasse 68–70.
  3. ↑ Inge Kiessig: Berlin sagas . Berlin-Information, Berlin 1990, p. 19 f.
  4. ↑ a b c Martina Krüger: Legendary things about Brüderstraße. Where Lessing got the wine, his publisher lived and the gallows house stood. In: Neues Deutschland , 13./14. March 1982
  5. ↑ City Museum Collection Inv. SM 2015-0716 Franz Ludwig Catel (1778–1856): The Petri = Church at the end of the Brothers = Street in Berlin , copper engraving on paper, Berlin around 1805
  6. ↑ Inge Gerlich: Discoveries on the doorstep. Brothers Street. Witnesses of old Berlin history. (in an undated excerpt from a GDR daily newspaper)
  7. ↑ On February 13, 1786, the blind composer, pianist, singer and music teacher Maria Theresia Paradis gave a concert there during her three-year European tour. See Marion Fürst: Maria Theresia Paradis. Mozart's famous contemporary . Böhlau 2005, p. 135.
  8. ↑ Neander v. Petersheiden: Address book 1801. In: New descriptive tables from the entire residence city of Berlin or evidence of all owners, Berlin 1801. Retrieved on April 27, 2016 .
  9. ^ Brothers Street . In: Karl Neander von Petersheiden: Illustrative tables , 1799, p. 13.
  10. ↑ Map of the building damage 1945 to be reached via "Start" and "Historical maps / building damage 1945". Senate Department for Urban Development
  11. ↑ For the listed buildings see Hans Müther: Berlins Bautradition. Small introduction . Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 1956, p. 94 f.
  12. ↑ Flyer for Gertraudenstrasse / Breite Strasse (PDF; 375 kB) Senate Department for Urban Development, accessed on January 17, 2011.
  13. ↑ City Museum Collection Inv. GHZ 64 / 3.12 . Andreas Ludwig Krüger (1743–1805): Prospect of the Brüderstrasse to Cöllen on the Spree , pen and brush in gray, washed, 1690
  14. ↑ The property count began on the west side from Stechbahn with 1 to Scharrengasse with 19 and on the east side back, between 33 and 34 the Neumanns Gasse, up to the northeast corner with property N ° 45.
  15. ^ Galerie Kewenig - gallery profile with artists, trade fair participations and exhibitions , Artnet.de, accessed on December 1, 2014.
  16. ↑ Werner Liersch : Dichters Ort - a literary travel guide . Rudolstadt 1985, p. 15 f.
  17. ↑ Werner Liersch: Dichters Ort - a literary travel guide . Rudolstadt 1985, p. 13 ff.
  18. ↑ Ursula Reinert: Do you know her? Brüderstraße in the center. In: Berliner Zeitung , April 18, 1971.
  19. ↑ It works without Suhrkamp. In: Der Tagesspiegel , July 19, 2011.
  20. ↑ Architectural monument Brüderstraße 26; Department store
  21. ↑ Werner Liersch: Dichters Ort - a literary travel guide . Rudolstadt 1985, p. 15
  22. ↑ Werner Liersch: Dichters Ort - a literary travel guide . Rudolstadt 1985, p. 16
  23. ↑ History of the Great National Mother Lodge in the Prussian States named for the three globes . German Freemasons, Berlin 1903, Internet Archive
  24. ^ Cathedral school and sexton house . In: General housing gazette for Berlin, Charlottenburg and surroundings , 1840, part 2, p. 3. "Brüderstraße 45".

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 50 ″  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 12 ″  E