Unterhaun
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Unterhaun
community Hauneck
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 5 ″ N , 9 ° 43 ′ 1 ″ E
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| Height : | 211 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 5.45 km² |
| Residents : | 1095 (Jan. 1, 2019) |
| Population density : | 201 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 1971 |
| Postal code : | 36282 |
| Area code : | 06621 |
Unterhaun is a district of the municipality Hauneck in the district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg in Hesse . Measured in terms of population, Unterhaun is the largest town in the municipality. The seat of the municipal administration is in Unterhaun.
Geographical location
The district is located in the lower Haunetal, on both sides of the Haune , before the river flows into the Fulda about 3.5 kilometers north in Bad Hersfeld . The old town center is on the left side of the river, where the town spreads out on the western slope of the Johannesberg and the upstream hill of the Johannesberg, the Kirchberg (formerly known as Kreuzberg), along the old haune and into the small valley of the Weyersgraben. The greater part of the village is on the right bank of the river, where the terrain rises to the east towards the Kuppenrhön .
The hamlet of Wendebach, which is a little further upstream on the left side of the Haunetal, belongs to Unterhaun. The Wenkbach flows through this hamlet into the Haune.
history
The first mention of a place in the area of today's Unterhaun was the Kreuzkapelle on the Kirchberg, in the year 972. The chapel has early medieval construction and was probably built by the Hersfeld Abbey on a Germanic meeting place. The field name " Thing " still points to this past . At that time it probably served as a place of pilgrimage . In 1185 went patronage rights for the "capella in Cruceberg" from the Abbey Hersfeld to the provost Johannesberg over. Below the Kreuzberg a village of the same name developed, the origins of which therefore probably go back to the early Middle Ages and have been owned by the Hersfeld Abbey ever since. The village of Kreuzberg was mentioned for the first time in 1217 in a document from the Hersfeld abbot Ludwig I to Vogt Bertho von Buchenau as Cruceberc.
At the same time, the place Unterhaun, as "Niederhuno", was mentioned for the first time from the 12th century . Presumably this location only related to the area to the right of the Haune, which was connected to the town of Kreuzberg by a wooden walkway. In a document from 1217, a corridor "de Ponte in Hnane" is mentioned. It is assumed that this is the current location of Unterhaun. In 1230 the place is called "Niedern Huna", 1408 as "Niedern Hun", 1409 as "Unter Huna" and 1673 as "Niedern Haun".
The chapel on the Kreuzberg became the parish church of the village of Kreuzberg and Unterhaun. Since 1185 were residents of Kreuzberg and Unterhaun the provost on the Johannesberg Frondienstpflichtig . Around 1230 the Johannesberg provost was in possession of some goods in Unterhaun. From 1313 Kreuzberg belonged to the Johannesberg provost. In 1415 the provost's office became a separate administrative district of Hersfeld Abbey, the seat of which was on the Johannesberg. Since then, Kreuzberg and Unterhaun have belonged to the Johannesberg court.
For a long time the Lords of Buchenau (Buchenaouwe) had the Johannesberg court as a fief . Until the beginning of the 17th century , the Hersfeld Abbey or the Johannesberg provost was the feudal lord, after which the landgraves of Hessen-Kassel were the lords . At times, the Buchenau also held the office of bailiff on the Johannesberg. Because of this, there were often disputes between the Buchenauers and the Johannesberg provost in the 15th and 16th centuries.
In the 16th century , Kreuzberg and Unterhaun became a desert , until Unterhaun was repopulated at the end of the 17th century. From then on the whole place was called Unterhaun.
In 1610 Unterhaun had 36 households and in 1747, 41 households. In 1773 there were 32 linen weavers , 6 tailors and 13 other traders in the village . The Bannmühle was located in the village , to which the farmers of the lower Haunetal had to bring their grain.
In 1736 the community received a new church, which was built by the Schmalkalden master builder AG Erdinger in the Baroque style. As a result, the Kreuzkapelle on the hill above the village fell into disrepair in this century. The mountain cemetery around the Kreuzkapelle was closed in 1904. Today the mountain cemetery for the village of Unterhaun is a place of remembrance of their history. It is dedicated to the memory of the victims of the wars and the reflection on our earthly and eternal destiny .
On May 8, 1944, was born in Unterhaun doctor and was a resistance fighter in the era of National Socialism executed, Georg Groscurth in Brandenburg. On the memorial stone in the mountain cemetery, inaugurated in 1980, there is a quote from his farewell letter: “I am dying for a life without human hatred”.
On December 31, 1971, Unterhaun was incorporated into the newly formed community of Hauneck.
Economy and Infrastructure
Unterhaun can be reached from Bad Hersfeld or Fulda via the B27 . The main road leads through the village on the right side of the Haune. Furthermore, the Bebra – Fulda railway runs through Unterhaun . Local public transport is provided by RKH Bus GmbH on line 365.
In Unterhaun there are two larger industrial areas (the Döllwiesen in the Hanueaue and the Blaue Liede a little higher, located directly on the boundary of Bad Hersfeld). They are particularly attractive due to their good transport connections ( A 4 , direction Eisenach or Kirchheim, about 10 km away, the latter with connection to A 7 and A 5 ). Therefore, several logistics companies with their distribution centers have settled here.
Hauneck's largest supermarket is also located in the village, and its catchment area also includes the nearby Bad Hersfeld districts of Petersberg and Hohe Luft .
Attractions
The Kreuzkapelle, the ruins of which can be seen today, was probably built by the Hersfeld Monastery on the Kreuzberg, a Germanic meeting place. The field name "Thing" still points to this past. During excavations in 1937, the foundation walls of the regularly cross-shaped chapel were exposed. The four arms end with semicircular apses and were probably closed at the top with domes . In the 14th century, the chapel was expanded to include a single-nave nave with a west tower and partially built over. Parts of the old cross chapel were still used. In the remnants of the wall of the nave, which are several meters high, you can see an arched window carved out of stone , which is ascribed to the old cruciform chapel. The cross chapel is dated between the 8th and 10th centuries.
Around the Kreuzkapelle is the old mountain cemetery of the village. Today gravestones from the 18th and 19th centuries can still be seen in the mountain cemetery . There are also two memorials for those who fell in the world wars and a memorial stone to the doctor and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime , Dr. Georg Groscurth. His memorial stone was dedicated on Memorial Day in 1980.
Personalities
- Georg Groscurth (1904–1944), doctor and anti-fascist resistance fighter
literature
- Dr. Groscurth: Villages of the district of Hersfeld in "Mein Heimatland", January 1962 Volume 20. (Supplement of the Hersfelder Zeitung )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistical data. In: website. Hauneck, accessed September 2019 .
- ↑ Population figures . In: website. Hauneck, accessed September 2019 .
- ^ Quote after the information board in front of the cemetery
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 397 .
Web links
- Location on the website of the municipality of Hauneck
- Unterhaun, Hersfeld-Rotenburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature about Unterhaun in the Hessian Bibliography
