Association for the history of Berlin

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Association for the History of Berlin eV
(VfdGB)
Fidicin medal as club logo.png
purpose Research and dissemination of knowledge about the history of Berlin
Chair: Manfred Uhlitz, Susanne Kähler , Wolfgang Krogel
Establishment date: January 28, 1865
Number of members: approx. 650 (January 1, 2016)
Seat : c / o Central and State Library
Breite Strasse 36
10178 Berlin-Mitte
Website: www.DieGeschichteBerlins.de

The Association for the History of Berlin eV , founded in 1865, is the oldest Berlin history association . In the institutionalization and professionalization of Berlin's historiography and preservation, the association often acted as a major source of inspiration. From its start-up phase until the end of the Empire to its Members as a "who's who" reads the Berlin ownership and educated middle class , today he is a cross section of the Berlin population. To this day the association is one of the largest Berlin cultural organizations with over 700 members. It also acts as the regional association of the Federation of Home and Environment in Germany . Since 2018 it has been awarding a science prize endowed with 4,000 euros .

Organization and activities

aims

According to the statutes (§2), the association has a very broad goal:

"The association wants to arouse participation in the historical development of Berlin in all circles of the Berlin population and expand and deepen the knowledge of Berlin's history by promoting local history research."

Board

The executive board consists of the chairman, the first and second vice chairmen, the secretary, the deputy secretary, the treasurer and the deputy treasurer. The entire board consists of the executive board and up to nine assessors. All board members are elected by the general assembly for a period of two years.

Chairperson

The chairman plays an important role, since he represents the association “together with another member of the executive board in and out of court”. Since it was founded, the association has had 17 chairmen:

Founding Chairman and Lord Mayor of Berlin, Karl Theodor Seydel
Karl Seydel was appointed honorary chairman in 1869.

Full board

The current full board was elected in March 2017. The term of office lasts until the 2019 general meeting.

Chairman 1. Deputy Chairman 2. Deputy Chairman Secretary Deputy Secretary Treasurer Deputy Treasurer Assessor
Manfred Uhlitz Susanne Kähler Wolfgang Krogel Dietmar Peitsch Elisabeth Schroll Wolfgang Pfaffenberger Doris Tüsselmann Johannes Fülberth, Jörg Kluge, Claudia Melisch , Martin Mende, Thomas Sandkühler , Ingrid Scheurmann , Peter Schwirkmann and Mathias C. Tank

Former board members included a. Uwe Schaper , Walther G. Oschilewski , Margarete Kühn , Kurt Pomplun , Sibylle Einholz , Jürgen Wetzel and Gerhild Komander .

Publications

First published in April 2015

Loose Fonts and Green Series

In the first few years, loose publications appeared that represent the beginning of the association's research on Berlin. From 1865 to 1940 the association published an additional 58 editions of the writings of the Association for the History of Berlin (so-called Green Hefts ), which are now available as digital copies on the website of the Central and State Library Berlin . After the Second World War, the series was continued irregularly. In 2015, a detailed club history was published as issue 65.

Messages

The communications of the Association for the History of Berlin have been published since 1884, only between 1943 and 1964 they were not published. All editions from 1884 to 1943 were digitized by the Central and State Library Berlin and published in the Digital State Library Berlin of the ZLB. The announcements appear four times a year and contain club news, event notices, reviews, appraisals and obituaries of the members as well as articles on historical topics.

Yearbook Der Bär von Berlin

The yearbook was first published in 1951 as a replacement for the Mitteilungen and is today the association's scientific flagship. From 1953 it was given its current name Der Bär von Berlin - Yearbook of the Association for the History of Berlin . The authors are renowned experts from various fields of Berlin history research.

Journal of Berlin History

The popular science magazine Berliner Geschichte - magazine for history and culture - has been published since April 2015 under the editorship of the VfdGB, with Elsengold Verlag having editorial responsibility. One topic is dealt with in around 5 essays per issue. The magazine appears quarterly. From the beginning, renowned historians and experts could be won over for the special issues, including Hans-Ulrich Thamer , Manfred Stolpe , Helmut Börsch-Supan , Clemens Alexander Wimmer , Wolfgang Ribbe , Dorothee Haffner , Laurenz Demps , Matthias Wemhoff , Rüdiger vom Bruch , Carlo Jordan , Wolfgang Wippermann , Rainer Rother and Sibylle Einholz .

Website

The website was launched in 1997 and, with almost 11,000 pages, is now the largest active online platform on Berlin's history. Since 2005, almost 3,000 contributions have been posted in the free and freely accessible forum. A blog was set up on November 19, 2014 in preparation for the 150th anniversary.

Fidicin medal

Ernst Fidicin, first holder and namesake of the medal

The Fidicin Medal for the promotion of the purposes of the association has been awarded by the Association for the History of Berlin at irregular intervals since 1872. The award honors “personalities from public life and members who have rendered outstanding services to the association's tasks, particularly research into Berlin's history”.

Winners of the Fidicin Medal (excerpt):

Events

The Association for the History of Berlin organizes over 30 lectures, tours and events each year. The events are usually free of charge and are also open to non-members. Lectures on the history of Berlin are held monthly in the Berlin Hall of the Central and State Library . In addition, the association organizes (exclusive) tours in Berlin, often in cooperation with other organizers and institutions. For example, there is an industrial culture evening together with the Berlin-Brandenburg Economic Archives. Every year around the founding day, January 28, the New Year's reception takes place in the Wappensaal of the Berlin City Hall, the annual general meeting usually meets in March.

Library

Already in the founding years, the plan to set up the club's own library was tackled. Initially, Ernst Fidicin , who was also appointed librarian, kept the books as a deposit in the Berlin city archive. In 1871 the most valuable property to date, the so-called Sumarius , came into the possession of the association. In 1875 the association was able to move into its own rooms in the German Cathedral for the first time . In the following years inventory catalogs were published at irregular intervals. The portfolio was gradually enlarged. In 1920 the library was placed under protection by the Prussian Minister for Science, Art and Education due to its great importance for the general public. During the Second World War, books were taken to the city library, but most of them were destroyed in the air raids on the German Cathedral in November 1943 and January 1944 . Today some of the old holdings are in the possession of the Central and State Library in Berlin . The reconstruction of its own library was initiated in 1958 with a one-time grant from the German Class Lottery .
Today the library is in the rooms of the central and state library. The library is looked after by members of the association on a voluntary basis.

archive

At the same time as the library was built, the Collections Association began. In 1887, the association received the work chair from Alexander von Humboldt through a bequest from member Moritz Lövinson . At the end of the 19th century, the association built up a collection of historical weapons from Brandenburg-Prussian history, which was even supported by the Prussian War Ministry due to its special inventory. Around 1920 the association began building up a collection of autographs , which in 1933 already contained 1,000 individual pieces. Letters from Adolf Glaßbrenner and Theodor Fontane were also stored in the archive . The archive suffered the same fate as the library; in 1943 a large part of the archive material was destroyed. There were also thefts during the turmoil of the World War. Today there are various archive materials in the Berlin State Archives and the Berlin Central and State Library .

history

Foundation (1865)

Medieval court arbor - stumbling block for founding an association

Berlin grew enormously in the second half of the 19th century, driven by industrialization and its increasing importance as a capital, so that the population tripled from 1848 to 1865. According to the expanded space and validity requirements, historical building fabric was gradually removed for new buildings. In particular, the plan to tear down the medieval court arbor met with violent protests. The Jewish doctor Julius Beer and the city ​​secretary Ferdinand Meyer took this as an opportunity and in January 1865 published a call for the establishment of a history society in various newspapers . On January 28, 1865, the Association for the History of Berlin was constituted in the Café Royal ( Unter den Linden 33, corner of Charlottenstrasse ) under the direction of the Lord Mayor Karl Theodor Seydel , who was also elected founding chairman. Among the 28 founding members were u. a. Lord Mayor ret. D. Heinrich Wilhelm Krausnick , city archivist Ernst Fidicin , architecture professor Dr. Friedrich Adler and the founder of the Berlin professional fire brigade Adolf Gerstenberg .

Research and expansion (1865-1914)

Commemorative coin on the occasion of the imperial visit in 1908
Theater "Alt-Berlin" at the trade exhibition

When it was founded, the association formed two commissions to prepare a Berlin archive / library and a Berlin museum. The latter resulted in an official letter to the magistrate with the request to found a city history museum, which was implemented in 1874 in the form of the Märkisches Provinzialmuseum . The founding director of the museum, Ernst Friedel , was also a member of the association, as were some of the personalities of the museum's scientific advisory board. The VfdGB gave the museum its collections as a deposit . From 1875 the magistrate gave the association long-term premises in the German Cathedral , which earned the members the contemporary title of "Canon".

During the German Empire , the number of members of the VfdGB grew sharply and at the end of 1914 it reached the previous maximum of 1,052 people. This "hype" was caused not least by an official protectorate of the two German emperors Friedrich III. and Wilhelm II. from 1886. On January 22, 1908 and 1911, Wilhelm II even attended lectures personally with his wife Auguste Viktoria , whereupon the association had a commemorative medal minted. The protection included an annual financial grant, the promotion of the association through gifts and favors as well as the recognition as a legal person since 1877. As a result of this gain in prestige, other high-ranking Prussian military and civil servants joined the association.

From the beginning, the association and its members dedicated themselves to the scientific analysis of the city's history. The first public event took place in 1865 in the lecture hall of the oldest Berlin school ( Berlinisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster ). The first issue of the “Writings of the Association for the History of Berlin” appeared in the same year. By 1914, the VfdGB had published 49 other issues. In 1885 the association presented the first publication on Berlin street names and, at its instigation, the magistrate created a list of monuments for the first time in 1886 . At the same time, the scientific competence of individual officials was discussed internally, which led to numerous resignations around 1890. As a result, the Brandenburgia History Association “Society for Local History of the Province of Brandenburg” (1891) and the Association for the History of the Suburbs of Berlin (1892) were founded. As early as 1884, members of the association founded the forerunner of today's State History Association for the Mark Brandenburg eV .

In 1872 the association honored its spiritus rector , the city archivist Ernst Fidicin , with a gold medal, which he received personally from the emperor on June 15 in Potsdam. Further copies of this coinage in silver and bronze, known today as the “Fidicin Medal”, could be purchased until 1882, after which it was only awarded in silver.

In 1884, the VfdGB underpinned its social claim and became the managing association of the general association of German history and antiquity associations . He remained editor of the association's body until 1899.

In 1891 Charlotte von Oven bequeathed 30,000 marks to the association to support Berlin theater members.

In 1896, the association was responsible for the "Old Berlin" area at the Berlin trade fair. In 1902 the association published its Berlin calendar for the first time.

First World War (1914-1918)

The association, which in 1914 still had a "patriotic principle", welcomed the declaration of war no more and no less than other civil associations . The VfdGB invested almost all of its assets in war bonds . Another turning point in club life came in 1915, when the Festschrift had to be postponed on the occasion of its 50th anniversary and the visits and hiking trips that had been customary up to then had to be suspended. In the same year, the number of members fell back below 1,000. In 1916, First Chairman Richard Beringuier died of heart failure in Russia. As of 1917, the meetings had to be relocated from the German cathedral to the town hall due to a lack of firewood . The lectures were moved to the Gray Monastery . With the abdication of the emperor on November 28, 1918 and his emigration into exile in Holland , the protectorate phase also ended.

Reorientation in the Weimar Republic (1918–1933)

The association organized the first major social event after the World War on the occasion of the 100th birthday of its honorary member Theodor Fontane in the Red City Hall . The association also felt the persistent inflation , so that its own communications appeared from 1922 onwards with an advertisement section aimed at fundraising. In this context, the decision of the Prussian Minister for Science, Art and Public Education from 1923, who placed the club library under protection due to its great importance for the general public, must be considered. In the Weimar Republic, the association continued to serve as a network for other associations, so some members founded the Willibald-Alexis-Bund in 1925 and numerous members were part of the newly founded Historical Commission for the Province of Brandenburg and the Reich capital Berlin . In 1926 a pin with a club badge was introduced. There was also a club card that allowed free entry to the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg from 1928 . A special highlight was the 64th Foundation Festival in 1929, at which Claire Waldoff sang. Not least because of the global economic crisis , the number of members fell to less than 700 by 1930.

Upheavals in the Third Reich (1933–1945)

During the Nazi era, the Association for the History of Berlin also had to adapt. In 1933, the chairman Hermann Kügler became the leader of the association , with Kügler officially calling himself chairman again in 1935. The long-standing board member Ernst Kaeber had to give up his office because he was no longer suitable for the National Socialists due to his Jewish wife. In 1936 Kügler tried, probably in view of the sharply falling membership numbers, a first attempt to include women. However, this was rejected by the leadership council. In 1937 the decision was made to expel Jewish members. In the same year, the National Socialist Lord Mayor Julius Lippert joined. The 75th Foundation Festival was canceled due to the war. On January 10, 1942, the general assembly approved the admission of women. In 1942 Max Planck gave an exclusive lecture on “The Sense and Limits of Exact Science”. On November 23, 1943, the club's domicile, the German Cathedral , was badly damaged by a bomb.

Rebuilding in divided Berlin (1945–1990)

In 1949 an association of the same name was established as a "registered association", which did not see itself as the legal successor to the association founded in 1865. Thus there were two associations of the same name, whereby the activities of the old one were suspended. On May 2, 1961, the new association dissolved and joined the old association as a whole. From 1961 to 1966 the association was headed by two chairmen. For the opening of the Berlin Museum in West Berlin in 1964, the association contributed with loans. Erich Mende congratulated the centenary in 1965 on behalf of the Federal Government and Willy Brandt was made an honorary member. In 1972 for the first time more than 700 members could be counted. A year later, the association moved from the Ernst-Reuter-Haus to the Charlottenburg town hall , from where in 1989 it moved to the premises of the Berliner Sparkasse at the Blissestraße underground station . For the 125th anniversary in 1990, many people from the eastern parts of Berlin could be welcomed again for the first time .

Reorientation after reunification (1990-2015)

Memorial plaque for the founding of the association, unveiled in 2012

In 1991 the general assembly could take place again in the Rotes Rathaus for the first time . Immediately after the opening of the border, the association demanded the restoration of the historic center of Berlin . In 1996 the association began building its website. Since 1997, the association's library has been back in Berlin-Mitte in the New Marstall . In 2003 the association left the photographic collection of its first members to the Berlin University of Applied Sciences for a research project on Berlin photography studios in the 19th century . The association has been a registered association since November 9, 2005. In 2007, the digitization of communications up to the 60th year began. In 2011 the association financed the grave renovation of its founding member Julius Beer in the Jewish cemetery . A year later, the Berlin State Secretary André Schmitz unveiled the memorial plaque for the association. In 2013 the association took part in the Berlin theme year "Destroyed Diversity" and worked on its own history under National Socialism .

Anniversary year 2015

The New Year's reception on the occasion of the 150th anniversary took place on January 28, 2015 in the Nikolaikirche . During the ceremony, Eberhard Diepgen and Walter Momper were presented with the certificates for honorary membership and Wolfgang Ribbe gave a lecture on Berlin's culture of remembrance. In the anniversary year, the Berlin History magazine was published for the first time in cooperation with Elsengold Verlag and the layout of the newsletter was revised. In addition, the association cooperated several times with Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg for the Sunday question format in the rbb evening show.

Members

Known members (excerpt)

Historian Gustav Droysen
First Lord Mayor of Berlin, Louise Schroeder

Honorary members (excerpt)

Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt
Federal President Richard v. Weizsacker
  • Heinrich von Achenbach (from 1885), Minister of State and Upper President of the Province of Brandenburg
  • Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (from 1902), Prussian Minister of the Interior, Reich Chancellor
  • Gustav Böß (from 1925), Lord Mayor of Berlin from 1921 to 1930
  • Willy Brandt (from 1965), Governing Mayor, Federal Chancellor from 1969 to 1974, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 1971
  • Johann von Dallwitz (from 1910), Prussian Minister of the Interior from 1910 to 1914, Imperial Governor in Alsace-Lorraine 1914 to 1918
  • Eberhard Diepgen (since 2014), Governing Lord Mayor of Berlin from 1984 to 1989 and from 1991 to 2001
  • Theodor Fontane (from 1890), writer
  • Max von Forckenbeck (from 1884), Governing Lord Mayor of Berlin from 1878 to 1892
  • Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell (from 1914), Prussian Minister of the Interior from 1914 to 1917, Upper President of Brandenburg
  • Friedrich von Moltke (from 1908), Prussian Minister of the Interior from 1907 to 1910, member of the Prussian manor house
  • Walter Momper (since 2014), Governing Lord Mayor of Berlin from 1989 to 1991, President of the House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011
  • Hermann Oxfort (from 2003), Senator for Justice 1975 to 1976 and 1983 to 1985, Mayor of Berlin, Association Chairman from 1985 to 1999
  • August Wilhelm Prince of Prussia (from 1912), member of the Prussian state parliament
  • Edwin Redslob (from 1965), Reichskunstwart until 1933, Rector of the Free University of Berlin
  • Heinrich Karl Ludolf von Sybel (from 1887), director of the state archives, member of the Academy of Sciences
  • Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker (from 1984), Governing Mayor from 1981 to 1984, Federal President from 1984 to 1994, since 1990 honorary citizen of Berlin
  • Adolf Wermuth (from 1912), Lord Mayor of Berlin from 1912 to 1920, member of the Prussian mansion
  • Robert Cell (from 1893), Lord Mayor of Berlin from 1892 to 1898

Supporting members

Legal persons and local authorities can join the association as supporting members. As of January 1, 2016, the VfdGB had 16 sustaining members, including the Association of Former Monasteries , the August 13 Working Group , the Berlin State Archives and the Berlin City Museum Foundation .

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Richard Béringuier : Detailed description of the celebrations on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Association for the History of Berlin (= writings of the Association for the History of Berlin, Issue 28), Berlin 1890.
  • Paul Clauswitz , Georg Voß : For the 50th anniversary of the Association for the History of Berlin . In: Researched and experienced from old Berlin. Festschrift for the 50th anniversary of the Association for the History of Berlin (= writings of the Association for the History of Berlin, Issue 50), Berlin 1917, pp. III-VI.
  • Rudolf Thank you: 100 years of the association for the history of Berlin. Attempt a chronicle . In: Jahrbuch der Bär von Berlin, Vol. XIV (= Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the association), Berlin 1965, pp. 325–405.
  • Martin Mende: Julius Beer and the founding of the Association for the History of Berlin in 1865 . In: Communications of the Association for the History of Berlin, 102nd year, 2006, pp. 381–384.
  • Martin Mende: Richard Béringuier - Chairman of the Association for the History of Berlin from 1899 to 1916 . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, 104th vol., 2008, pp. 92–95.
  • Martin Mende: Building blocks for a history of the association during National Socialism. Part I: Chronicle from 1933 to 1936 . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, Vol. 109, Issue 1, January 2013, pp. 155–165.
  • Martin Mende: Building blocks for a history of the association during National Socialism. Part II: Chronicle from 1937 to 1945 . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, Volume 109, Issue 2, April 2013, pp. 187–200.
  • Martin Mende: Fidicin Medal for services to research into Berlin's intellectual history . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, 104th vol., 2008, pp. 137–140.
  • Martin Mende: From the Berlin City Hall to the German Cathedral. Library and archive of the VfdGB . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, 105th year, 2009, pp. 258–268.
  • Susanne Leinemann : When citizens write history. The Association for the History of Berlin celebrates its 150th birthday. Everyone in town used to know him. And today? A search for clues. , Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung (= weekly supplement to the Berliner Morgenpost) from January 25, 2015.
  • Oliver Ohmann: He is the guardian of Berlin's history. The "Association for the History of Berlin" was founded 150 years ago. The list of members reads like a "Who's who?" the city's history. , BZ-Online from January 26, 2015. [11]
  • Sibylle Einholz : 150 Years of the Association for the History of Berlin - Comments on the cabinet exhibition in the Märkisches Museum on the occasion of the anniversary “150 Years of the Association for the History of Berlin” . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, 111th year, issue 3, July 2015, pp. 519–524.
  • Sibylle Einholz: From the canons' pork bones. Comments on the celebration culture and mentality history of the Association for the History of Berlin, founded in 1865 . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, 111th year, issue 4, October 2015, pp. 551–557.
  • Martin Mende: Chronicle of the Association for the History of Berlin e. V. (= series of publications of the Association for the History of Berlin, Issue 65), Berlin 2015. (With index for the yearbooks 1951–2013)

swell

  • 47 member directories since 1869
  • Annual reports of the chairmen in the yearbooks since 1964

Web links

Commons : Association for the history of Berlin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Board of the Association for the History of Berlin eV In: diegeschichteberlins.de , accessed on November 20, 2017.
  2. See 47. List of Members from January 1, 2016
  3. See member lists in the VfdGB archive ...
  4. ^ Association for the history of Berlin founded in 1865 eV ( Memento from July 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on February 10, 2016)
  5. ^ According to the statutes of September 26, 2005 [1]
  6. a b According to the Articles of Association of September 26, 2005 (§5) [2]
  7. diegeschichteberlins.de: The current board of the association with contact details and group picture
  8. Berlin Chronicle. From 1225 to 1571 (published from 1868 to 1880), the document book for the Berlin Chronicle. 1232 to 1550 (published from 1869 to 1880) and two volumes rich in pictures, mixed writings, following the Berlin Chronicle and the Document Book (published 1888).
  9. Digital copies of the 58 association publications up to 1940
  10. a b Digital copies of the communications up to 1943 (accessed on July 18, 2016)
  11. http://berliner-geschichte.net/ueber-uns/ (accessed on March 4, 2016)
  12. Examination via site: diegeschichteberlins.de on August 21, 2015.
  13. The website of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein has over 45,000 pages, but the association dissolved in 2014.
  14. http://diegeschichteberlins.de/forum.html (accessed on August 21, 2015)
  15. http://diegeschichteberlins.de/blog.html?start=10
    The first post was put online on the occasion of the honorary citizenship of Federal President Joachim Gauck .
  16. http://diegeschichteberlins.de/verein/geschichte/357-fidicin-medaille.html (accessed on August 21, 2015)
  17. ^ "Ordinance on the protection of monuments and works of art" of May 8, 1920 (Reichsgesetzblatt 1920, p. 913)
  18. The history of the library on the association's website (accessed on March 4, 2016)
  19. ↑ In 2007 the museum confirmed ownership
  20. ^ Member Oskar Schwebel wrote a two-volume city history in 1888
  21. http://diegeschichteberlins.de/verein/publikationen/schriften.html
  22. ^ Hermann Vogt: The street names of Berlin (= Issue 22 of the writings of the Association for the History of Berlin ), Berlin 1885.
  23. The "Ordinance on the Protection of Monuments and Works of Art" of May 8, 1920 (Reichsgesetzblatt 1920, p. 913) was applied to the library in 1923.
  24. ^ In the last list of members before the start of the war in 1938 there were only 447 people
  25. On the Jewish members see: Mende, Chronik 150 Jahre, p. 112ff.
  26. Available online under Historical Photographs ( Memento from July 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on July 12, 2016)
  27. The status of the VfdGB as an "old corporation" had to be replaced by the law on changes to foundation and association law of July 3, 2003.
  28. Pictures and text of the lecture in: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins , 111th year, issue 2, April 2015, p. 492ff.
  29. Was there ever a bridge under the tree? of June 21, 2015 [ archived copy ( memento of July 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive )], Where did the Red City Hall get its name from? from October 11, 2015 [3] , Which is the oldest school in Berlin? from October 18, 2015 [4] , Where has the old Kaiser Wilhelm monument gone? from November 15, 2015 [5] , How many ballrooms are and were there in Berlin? from February 14, 2016 [6] , What happened to the Berlin Sculpture Boulevard? from March 16, 2016 [7] , How many village floodplains are there in Berlin? from May 1, 2016 [8] , Where did the Berlin city wall run? from May 8, 2016 [9] and Berlin from above - On the bell tower at the Olympic Stadium from May 16, 2016 [10]