Bolshakovo
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Bolschakowo
Groß Skaisgirren (Kreuzingen) Большаково
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Bolschakowo ( Russian Большаково , German until 1938 Groß Skaisgirren and 1938–45 Kreuzingen , Polish Skajzgiry , Lithuanian Didieji Skaisgiriai ) is a settlement in Slavsk Raion of the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast . The place Bolshakowo belongs to the municipal self-government unit city district Slavsk .
location
Bolshakowo is located on the southern edge of the elk lowland in a marshland and has 2448 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). Up until the end of the Second World War , the largest cattle loading station in Germany was located here .
The place is on the federal road A216 (former German Reichsstrasse 138 , today also European route 77 ) from Talpaki (Taplacken) to Sowjetsk (Tilsit) . The regional roads 27A-145 (ex A190 ) from Polessk (Labiau) and 27A-009 (ex A197 ) from Chernyakhovsk (Insterburg) also end here .
Bolshakovo is a train station on the Kaliningrad – Sovetsk railway line . Before 1945 a small railway line from Insterburg via Buchhof (Buchowo), which was operated by Insterburger Kleinbahnen , also ended here .
history
The later market town of Skaisgirren with its church, school, steam mill, post office and train station was first mentioned in documents in 1583. On March 26, 1874, the place became the center and gave its name to a newly established administrative district , which - on April 18, 1939 in " Kreuzingen District ”- until 1945 it belonged to the Niederung district (from 1939“ Elchniederung district ”) in the Gumbinnen district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . On June 3 - officially confirmed on 16 July - 1938 received major Skaisgirren in "Cross Ingen" renamed .
With all of northern East Prussia , Kreuzingen came to the Soviet Union in 1945 as a result of the war and in June 1947 was given the Russian name “Bolshakowo”. At the same time the place became the seat of a village soviet. In July 1947 the place even became the official seat of the newly formed Bolshakovo Raion , which existed until 1962 and was then attached to the Slavsk Raion . From 2008 to 2015, Bolshakovo was the seat of a rural municipality and has been part of the Slavsk district since 2016.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1885 | 731 |
| 1910 | 1,466 |
| 1933 | 1,894 |
| 1939 | 2,268 |
| 1959 | 2,052 |
| 2002 | 2,059 |
| 2010 | 2,448 |
District of Groß Skaisgirren / Kreuzingen (1874–1945)
Between 1874 and 1945, Groß Skaisgirren gave its name to an administrative district in the Niederung district (from 1939 Kreuzingen district, Elchniederung district) in the Gumbinnen administrative district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . Initially eleven villages belonged to it, on January 1, 1945, due to numerous restructuring, there were only six:
| Surname | Change name from 1938 to 1946 |
Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Georgenwalde | Integrated into Kletellen in 1893 | ||
| Gronwalde | In 1893 incorporated into Klein Girratischken | ||
| Large giro counters | Waiting yards | ||
| Big Skaisgirren | Kreuzingen | Bolshakovo | |
| Small giro tables |
from 1935: Gronwalde |
||
| Klein Ischdaggen | Georgenforst | ||
| Little Wixwen | 1912 incorporated into Kumpelken ( Parwischken district ) | ||
| Leidingsfelde | In 1893 incorporated into Klein Girratischken | ||
| Paossen | Margins | 1928 incorporated into Wilhelmsbruch | |
| Szanlauken | |||
| Warschauningken | |||
| from 1893: Kletellen |
Georgenheide | Uroshainoje | |
| from 1929: Wilhelmsbruch, Forst |
On January 1, 1945 the communities Georgenforst, Georgenheide, Gronwalde, Kreuzingen, Wartenhöfen and Wilhelmsburch, Forst belonged to the district.
Bolschakowski selski Sowet / okrug 1947–2008
The village soviet Bolshakovsky selski sovet (ru. Большаковский сельский Совет) was first established in June 1947 in Slavsk Raion. In July 1947, the village soviet came to the newly created Bolshakovo Rajon . In 1960 the Pridoroschny selski Sowet was (presumably) attached. Since 1963 the village soviet belonged (again) to Slavsk Raion. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Bolshakowski selki okrug (ru. Большаковский сельский округ). In 2008 the remaining places of the village district were taken over into the newly formed rural community Bolshakowskoje selskoje posselenije.
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Bagrationovskoye (Багратионовское) | Langendorf | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Bolshakovo (Большаково) | Groß Skaisgirren, 1938–1945: "Kreuzingen" | Administrative headquarters |
| Dessantnoje (Десантное) | A new place created near the Kellmienen / Kellen branch. | |
| Dzerzhinskoe (Дзержинское) | Gowarten | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Dubrovka (Дубровка) | Tension rules | The place was renamed in 1947. He initially belonged to the Kalinovsky village Soviet . After he was incorporated into the Bolshakovsky Village Soviet, he finally belonged to the Vysokovsky Village Soviet or District . |
| Gromowo (Громово) | Lauknen, 1938–1945: "Hohenbruch (Ostpr.)" | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Kimrskoje (Кимрское) | Alt Kriplauken, 1938–1945: "Kripfelde" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pridorozhny village soviet. It was probably connected to Pridorozhnoye before 1988. |
| Krasnosnamenskoje (Краснознаменское) | Klein Girratischken, 1938–1945: "Gronwalde" | The place was renamed in 1947 (but as "Kriklauken"). |
| Levobereschje (Левобережье) | Schemlauken, 1938–1945: "Roßberg" | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Pridorozhny village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Mayakovskoye (Маяковское) | Hunter's jug | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Pridorozhny village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Naberezhnoye (Набережное) | Karlsrode | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Nagornoje (Нагорное) | Gobes | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pridorozhny village soviet. It was probably connected to Pridorozhnoye before 1988. |
| Novo-Strojewskoje (Ново-Строевское) | Schudlidimmen, 1938–1945: "Schulzenwiese" | The place was renamed in 1947 and probably connected to the Sovetskoye place before 1988. |
| Novorchok (Новоторжок) | Groß Grudszen / Groß Grudschen, 1938–1945: "Gruten" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Passechnoje (Пасечное) | Mauschern, 1938–1945: "Kleinlangendorf" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Pervomaiskoe (Первомайское) | Groß Wannaglauken, 1938–1945: "Großwalde" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Poddubje (Поддубье) | Jagsten | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Pridorozhnoe (Придорожное) | Groß Asznaggern, 1936–1945: "Grenzberg" | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially the administrative seat of the village soviet Pridorozhny. |
| Radishchevo (Радищево) | Klein Skaisgirren, 1938–1945: "Kleinkreuzingen" | The place was renamed in 1950 and probably connected to the town of Sovetskoye before 1988. |
| Rybatskoye (Рыбацкое) | Timber | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Sadowoje (Садовое) | Swainen | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pridorozhny village soviet. It was deleted from the location register in 1997. |
| Salivnoe (Заливное) | Elchtal | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Sovetskoye (Советское) | Korehlen | The place was renamed in 1950. Before 1988 he got into the village soviet Vysokovsky . |
| Chistopolje (Чистополье) | Groß Obscherningken, 1938–1945: "Gutsfelde" and Klein Obscherningken, 1938–1945: "Kleinwalde" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pridorozhny village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Uroshainoe (Урожайное) | Kletellen, 1938–1945: "Georgenheide" | The place was renamed in 1947. |
The two renamed in 1947 places Kamyschewka (Weidgirren / Gerhard yards) and Ochotnoje (Liedemeiten / Gerhard pasture) and the four renamed in 1950 places Ossinowka (Osseningken / Grunau) , Pobedino (Endrejen / Ossafelde) , privolnoye (Demmenen / Demmen) and Sadoroschnoje (Margins) , which were initially also classified in the Bolschakowski selski Sowet, then (before 1975) came to the Gastellowski selski Sowet .
Bolshakovskoye selskoye posselenie 2008–2015
The rural municipality of Bolshakowskoje selskoje posselenije (ru. Большаковское сельское поселение) was established in 2008. Their association included 18 settlements (Russian: possjolok) called localities, which had previously belonged to the village districts of Bolschakowski selski okrug, Gastellowski selski okrug and Wyssokowski selski okrug . On an area of 533 km² there were 6,464 inhabitants (as of 2010), almost half of them in Bolshakovo. At the end of 2015, the community was dissolved and its locations incorporated into the newly formed Slavsk district.
| Place name | German name |
|---|---|
| Bolshakovo (Большаково) | Groß Skaisgirren / Kreuzingen |
| Dessantnoje (Десантное) | |
| Dzerzhinskoe (Дзержинское) | Gowarten |
| Dubrovka (Дубровка) | Tension rules |
| Gromowo (Громово) | Lauknen / Hohenbruch |
| Krasnaya Dubrawa (Красная Дубрава) | Eszerninken / Gutfließ |
| Krasnoye (Красное) | Lindicken |
| Krasnosnamenskoje (Краснознаменское) | Klein Girratischken / Gronwalde |
| Malinovka (Малиновка) | Languages |
| Ochotnoje (Охотное) | Liedemeiten / Gerhardsweide |
| Pobedino (Победино) | Endrejen / Ossafelde |
| Poddubje (Поддубье) | Jagsten |
| Pridorozhnoe (Придорожное) | Groß Asznaggern / Grenzberg |
| Privolnoye (Привольное) | Demmen / Demmen |
| Sovetskoye (Советское) | Korehlen |
| Uroshainoe (Урожайное) | Kletellen / Georgenheide |
| Wesnowo (Весново) | Wasserlauken / water-based paints |
| Vysokoye (Высокое) | Popelken / Markthausen |
Psychiatric dorm
In Bolshakovo there is the Bolshakovsky Psichonevrologitscheski boarding school with about 150 residents.
Broadcasting station Bolshakovo
In the vicinity of Bolshakowo the Russian radio operates with the radio station Bolshakowo a medium wave transmission system .
church
Evangelical
Church building
Groß Skaisgirren has been a church since 1693. A new church was built in 1773, a rectangular stone building that could accommodate 500 people. The tapered tower was badly damaged by a hurricane on January 17, 1818. The church survived the Second World War undamaged. After that, parts of the tower were removed and the windows of the nave bricked up. For a long time the building was misused as a cultural center, then as a department store and finally as a cinema and stage hall. In the meantime the church has been completely renovated and the tower has been given a new dome. The entrance portal to the former churchyard is still there, and extensive reconstruction work was carried out on the former funeral hall in 2018.
Parish
The Protestant parish Skaisgirren was founded in 1693 and given a pastor's office. Until 1945 it belonged to the parish Niederung (Elchniederung) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The congregation grew steadily, as early as the 19th century an additional assistant preacher and later a regular second parish office was established. In 1925, the sprawling parish had more than 9,000 parishioners who lived in more than 40 towns and smaller towns.
As a result of flight and expulsion as a result of the war, church life came to a standstill after 1945. It was not until the 1990s that a new Evangelical Lutheran congregation emerged in Bolshakovo, a branch congregation of the Salzburg Church in Gussew (Gumbinnen) within the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia . The parish is a partner parish of the Evangelical Parish in Berlin-Mahlsdorf .
Catholic
In Bolshakovo there is also a Catholic community that uses a well-preserved church building from 1925 that seems to have belonged to the Adventist community before the war.
Web links
- Unofficial local website (Russian)
- The place Bolshakowo at prussia39.ru (Russian)
- The rural municipality of Bolshakovo at prussia39.ru (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ D. Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Kreuzingen
- ^ A b Rolf Jehke: District of Groß Skaisgirren / Kreuzingen
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ a b Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 25 июля 1947 г. "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of July 25, 1947: Establishment of the Oblast-Kaliningrad )
- ↑ census data
- ↑ By the Закон Калининградской области от 30 июня 2008 г. № 261 «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования" Славский городской округ "» (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 30 June 2008, Nr. 261: On the organization of local self-government in the field of municipal formation "city circle Slawsk")
- ^ Results of the All-Russian Census 2010.
- ↑ Parish Kreuzingen at the district community Elchniederung
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 93.
- ↑ Лютеранская кирха Гросс Скайсгиррена - The church Groß Skaisgirren at prussia39.ru (with photos of the tower ruins from 2012)
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 483.
- ^ Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1945, p. 128.
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Contact Group Kaliningrad Region. on www.kirche-mahlsdorf.de
- ↑ Католическая кирха Гсосс Скайсгиррен - Catholic Church Groß Skaisgirren at prussia39.ru