District of Gerdauen

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Gerdauen district Location of the Gerdauen district in Germany in 1944/45
Basic data (status approx. 1945)
Existing period: 1818 - 1945
Country : Prussia
(Germany until 1945)
Province : East Prussia
Administrative region : Koenigsberg administrative district
Administrative headquarters : Gerdauen
Surface: 844.40 km²
Residents : 35,013 (May 17, 1939)
Population density : 41.5 inhabitants per km²
License plate : IC
1953 planned: GDA
Circle structure: 71 municipalities
in 29 administrative districts
Location of the circle
Location of the circle

The Gerdauen district was a district in East Prussia that existed from 1818 to 1945.

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

With the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the district of Gerdauen in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia was created on February 1, 1818 .

This included the parishes :

The district office was in Gerdauen .

As early as April 1, 1819, the following changes were made to the district boundaries:

Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr.

North German Confederation and German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the province of Prussia was divided into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Gerdauen district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.

On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Gerdauen district in line with developments in the rest of Prussia, in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. Around 1930 the Gerdauen district had around 35,500 inhabitants with a total area of ​​846 km².

Under Polish and Soviet administration

From January 23, 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army , when Soviet forces were able to advance to Astrawischken for the first time . On the following day, the entire northern part of the district, with the exception of the town of Schneiderin (Ostpr.) , Was under the control of the Soviet troops. After the occupation of Nordenburg on January 25, 1945 and of Gerdauen on January 27, 1945, the last places in the district fell to the Red Army on January 28, 1945. In the summer of 1945 the district was initially placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power .

In late summer and early autumn of 1945, the Soviet Union moved the border of its zone of occupation up to 12 kilometers south, so that the larger northern part of the district, including the district town of Gerdauen, became part of the Soviet zone of occupation. The Polish new settlers who had already immigrated, as well as the Polish civil administration, were expelled from the now Soviet-administered northern part again. The smaller southern part of the district remained under Polish administration. The resident German population was, if she had not already fled, as a result from the entire former county area sold .

District administrators

Local constitution

The Gerdauen district was divided into town communities, rural communities and - until they were almost completely eliminated - in independent manor districts.

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipalities now used the name city .

With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .

A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

cities and communes

Georgenfelde manor around 1860 ( Alexander Duncker collection )
Former district office, built in 1905 (2009)

Administrative structure 1945

At the beginning of 1945, the Gerdauen district consisted of 71 communities, including the cities of Gerdauen and Nordenburg :

Districts & municipalities Population (1939) comment
City of Gerdauen    
1. Gerdauen, city 5.118  
City of Nordenburg    
1. Nordenburg city 3,173  
Altendorf district
(until 1930 wall paints ) 		   
1. Altendorf 718  
2. Klinthenen 287  
3. Pre-lacquer 175  
4. Schiffus 247  
5. Wall paints 562  
Assaunen district
( cork lacquer until 1932 ) 		   
1. Assaunts 493  
Astrau District
(Astrawischken until 1938) 		   
1. Astrau 393 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Astrawischken
2. Bells 379  
District Birkenfeld    
1. Birch field 539  
2. Place of breakage 67 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Sawadden
District Dietrichsdorf
(until 1931 Woninkeim) 		   
1. Dietrichsdorf 280  
2. Gerkiehnen 195  
3. Make-up stretching 217  
Georgenhain district
(until 1938 Barraginn) 		   
1. Ebenau (East Pr.) 236 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Wolla
2. Georgenhain 444 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Barraginn
District Gnie
(until 1931 Klein Gnie) 		   
1. Great Gnie 570  
2. Small knee 1,015 Little Gnie
Großblankenfelde district
(until 1938 Bajohren) 		   
1. Großblankenfelde 325 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Groß Bajohren
2. Kleinblankenfelde 209 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Klein Bajohren
3. Löcknick 331  
Hochlindenberg district    
1. Ellernbruch 270  
2. Hochlindenberg 274  
3. Lieskendorf 238  
District Ilmenhorst    
1. Ilmenhorst 526 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Abelishken
District of Kröligkeim
(until 1931 Sillginnen ) 		   
1. Kröligkeim 808  
Kurkenfeld district    
1. Kurkenfeld 406  
2. Waldburg 534  
Laggarben district    
1. Laggarben 434  
2. Lion's Arch 588  
Lindenau district    
1. Great Schönau 387  
2. Kaydann 217  
3. Lindenau 426  
District of Molthainen , from 1938: Molteinen
(until 1933 Arklitten ) 		   
1. Bieberstein 324  
2. Molthainen (Molteinen) 672  
Momehnen District    
1. Arnsdorf 395  
2. Moments 545  
3. Schellenberg 239  
District of Mulden
(until 1938 Muldschen / Muldszen) 		   
1. Great Potauern 205  
2. Ilmsdorf 322  
3. Kiehlendorf 181  
4. Mulden (Gerdauen district) 894 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Muldschen / Muldszen
5. Odertal (Ostpr.) 145 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Juganeusaß
6. Petrineus sat 139  
7. Schönlinde 488 with the districts Jodeglienen / Wiedenau and Budwischken / Oberndorf
8. Werschen 191 with the district of Sokallen
Neuendorf district    
1. Neuendorf 496  
District Pentlack
(until 1934 Groß Pentlack) 		   
1. Pentlack 370  
Plagbuden district
(until 1933 Abellienen) 		   
1. Plagues 297  
2. Polleiken 233  
District Posegnick
(until 1932 Kanoten ) 		   
1. Posegnick 663  
Reuschenfeld district
(until 1930 Raudischken) 		   
1. Raudingen 430 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Raudischken
2. Reuschenfeld 718  
Schakenhof district    
1. Friedenberg 383  
2. Rädtkeim 379  
3. Schakenhof 677  
District Seamstress
(until 1934 Mauenwalde) 		   
1. Mauenfelde 216  
2. Melchersdorf 94  
3. Seamstress 285  
Skandau district    
1. Skandau 502  
Sobrost district    
1. Dreimühl 290 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Klonofken
2. Neusobrost (East Pr.) 534 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Popowken
3. Sobrost 296  
District of Trausen    
1. Adamswalde 205  
2. Friedrichswalde 440  
3. Grünheim 225  
4. Pissnick 226  
5. Trausen 258  
Wesselau district
(until 1938 Wesselowen) 		   
1. Wesselau 459 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Wesselowen
Willkamm district    
1. Welcome comb 515  

Place names

In 1938, as in all of East Prussia, extensive changes to place names took place in the Gerdauen district . These were phonetic adjustments, Germanizations or free inventions (today's names in brackets). In addition to the locations mentioned above, these are also:

*) = The abbreviation PL indicates the current situation in Poland, RUS in Russia

Personalities

Landowner

Court officials and civil servants

Cultural workers

Military

Politician

scientist

literature

  • Oskar-Wilhelm Bachor (compilation and processing): Der Kreis Gerdauen: An East Prussian Heimatbuch , Würburg: Holzner-Verlag 1968 (series: Göttinger Arbeitskreis), East German contributions from the Göttingen Arbeitskreis, Volume 43 (further edition 1983).
  • Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 14–15, item 7.
  • Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, according to official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 88-97.
  • Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative region : Berlin 1966, Gerdauen district, pp. 1–35.
  • Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - topographically, statistically and economically represented , Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, pp. 363-416.
  • Wulf D. Wagner : Culture in rural East Prussia: history, goods and people in the Gerdauen district , published by the Gerdauen home district, Verlag Husum: Husum, Volume 1 (2008) ISBN 978-3-89876-356-1 , Volume 2 (2009) ISBN 978-3-89876-467-4 .

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Gerdauen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, 7th volume, Leipzig 1930, p. 204.
  2. ↑ Heimatbrief Kreis Gerdauen No. 58, 2016, p. 75
  3. ↑ http://historia-wyzynaelblaska.pl/granica-polsko-radziecka-wb.-prusach-wschodnich.html
  4. ↑ ( limited preview online with Google Book Search ).
  5. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia, Volume 1: Province of East Prussia, Berlin 1931
  6. ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941
  7. ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941