Perevalovo (Kaliningrad)
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Perewalowo /
Muldszen / Muldschen (Mulden) Перевалово
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Perewalowo ( Russian Перевалово , German Muldszen ( Muldschen ), 1938-1945 Mulden ) is a place in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad . It is located in the north of Pravdinsk Rajon and belongs to the Mosyrskoje selskoje posselenije (rural municipality Mosyr).
Geographical location
Perewalowo borders directly on the river Aschwöne (Swine, Russian: Putilowka) running south , north of the place runs parallel to the Ilme (Russian: Borodinka). The place is 19 kilometers north of the former district town of Gerdauen (today Schelesnodoroschny ) and 28 kilometers northeast of today's Rajon capital Prawdinsk ( Friedland in Ostpr.) .
traffic
The Russian highway R 508 runs through Perevalovo in the section between Znamensk and Osjorsk . On the eastern edge of the village, a side road from Sadowoje - located on the Russian trunk road A 197 - joins via Frunzenskoe .
The place is connected to the public bus network, which connects Mulden over the bus route 536к Kaliningrad - Mosyr (Königsberg - Klein Gnie) in both directions up to three times a day with the capital of the oblast.
A rail connection has not existed since passenger traffic on the Russian section of the Toruń – Chernyachovsk (Thorn – Insterburg) railway with the Mosyr-Nowy (formerly Klein Gnie station) 8 kilometers away was discontinued in 2009.
history
The place once called Muldszen was created around 1600 by the governor of Insterburg and later Landhofmeister Wolfgang Heinrich Erbtruchsess Freiherr zu Waldburg (from the House of Waldburg-Capustigall ) and separated from Insterburg as a new parish . The oldest known place name is Mülschey and was documented in 1592. Later spellings were Molotschen after 1601 Moldtschen after 1644, Moldszen before 1785 and Muldzen to 1820. From 1874 to 1945 Muldszen was fit and the eponymous site of a newly built office district , the initial 20 municipal units were attached and the district Gerdauen in the administrative district of Kaliningrad of belonged to the Prussian province of East Prussia .
In 1910 Muldszen had 362 inhabitants. On September 30, 1928, the three manor districts of Berszlack (1938–1945 Bärlack , later in Russian: Narwskoje), Klein Astrawischken (1938–1945 Ilmengrund , later in Russian: Morosowka) and Nubertshöfen (later in Russian: Obuchowo) and the four rural communities Escherwalde (later Russian: Lemechowo), Gomischken (1938–1945 Gomingen , later Russian: Dalneje), Groß Szemblonen (1936–1945 Groß Schemblonen ) and Kiauken (1938–1945 Kauken , later Russian: Molodzowo) incorporated into Muldszen. The population rose to 928 by 1933 and was 894 in 1939.
On February 12, 1936, the name spelling changed from Muldszen to "Muldschen", and on June 3, 1938 (with official confirmation of July 16, 1938) the place was renamed to "Mulden".
As a result of the Second World War , the place with northern East Prussia came to the Soviet Union and in 1947 was given the new name "Perevalowo". Until 2009, Perewalowo was incorporated into the Novo-Bobruiski soviet (Dorfsovjet Novo-Bobruisk (Ilmsdorf) ) within the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast and since then - based on a structural and administrative reform - has been one of 25 localities classified as "settlements" (possjolok) within the Mosyrskoje selskoje posselenije (rural municipality Mosyr) in Pravdinsk district .
The former Mulden had its highest population in 1939 with 894 registered people. Compared to the population in 1905 (398 inhabitants) and 1910 (362 inhabitants), this number more than doubled in 1939. The growth is mainly due to the incorporation in the 1930s.
The eight settlement houses built around 500 meters west of the church in 1935 formed the so-called Mulden settlement and were part of the village until the end of the war. After the war, the settlement was separated from the village and is now called Bystryanka (Kaliningrad) .
District of Muldszen / Mulden
On April 9, 1874, the Muldszen district was established from 17 rural communities and three manor districts (officially called "Muldschen District" from February 12, 1936, then "Mulden District" from November 8, 1938):
| Name (until 1947/1950) | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | ||
|
Budwischken 1938–1945: Oberndorf |
Linjowo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Schönlinde |
| Escherwalde | Lemechowo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Muldszen |
| Gomischken 1938–1945: Gomingen |
Dalneje | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Muldszen |
| Gräbenswalde | Perelesky | 1893 incorporated into the rural community of Groß Potauern |
| Great Potauern | Perekrostky | |
| Groß Szemblonen 1936–1945: Groß Schemblonen |
- | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Muldszen |
| Ilmsdorf | Novo-Bobruisk | |
| Jodeglienen 1938–1945: Wiedenau |
- | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Schönlinde |
| Juganeusaß 1938–1945: Odertal |
Jurowo | |
| Kiauken 1938–1945: Kauken |
Molodzowo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Muldszen |
| Kiehlendorf | Tichoje | |
| Klein Szemblonen 1936–1945: Klein Schemblonen |
- | 1912 incorporated into the manor district of Nubertshöfen |
|
Muldszen 1936–1938: Muldschen, 1938–1945: Mulden |
Perevalovo | |
| Petrineusaß | Luschki | |
| Schönlinde | Linjowo | |
| Sokallen | Perowo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Werschen |
| Werschen | Vershiny | |
| Manor districts : | ||
| Berszlack 1938–1945: Bärlack |
Narvskoye | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Muldszen |
| Klein Astrawischken 1938–1945: Ilmengrund |
Morosowka | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Muldszen |
| Nubertshöfen | Obuchowo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Muldszen |
On January 1, 1945, eight municipalities still belonged to the Mulden district: Groß Potauern, Ilmsdorf , Juganeusaß, Kiehlendorf , Mulden, Petrineusaß , Schönlinde and Werschen .
church
Church building
A chapel in simple wooden construction was probably already in place in Muldszen at the end of the 16th century. The first church was built in a half-timbered style in 1603 .
In 1808 this church was replaced by a stone building. The ground plan was an elongated rectangle that was closed off in the west by a square tower. The tower only slightly rose above the nave. Tall rectangular windows with lead glazing let light into the interior of the church, through which long galleries on the north and south sides ran. The pulpit altar stood in the east, and the organ on the west gallery.
In the 1930s, warm air heating was installed and the seating was rebuilt. The two-manual organ was then electrically powered.
After 1945 the church was used as a warehouse, among other things, and the windows were bricked up. Only the weather vane from 1808 has been preserved. A wooden false ceiling was installed in the church building itself. In 2015 the church was abandoned as a warehouse and has since been left to decay. The roof, which was almost intact until a few years ago, has been showing serious damage since 2010, and the stucco ceiling in the interior also began to lower. At the beginning of 2020, the roof structure of the nave collapsed, making the building a ruin.
Parish
The parish of Muldszen / Mulden - the place has been predominantly Protestant since it was founded - with its extensive parish was founded in 1601. Until then, every two weeks a pastor from Insterburg came on horseback through the Great Wilderness to confess on Saturday and to worship on Sunday.
The parish district Muldszen was the largest parish in the district of Gerdauen with 40 places and comprised the northern part of the district area. In the north it bordered the state forest, in a north-westerly direction on the district of Wehlau and in a north-east direction on the district of Insterburg .
Until 1945 the parish of Muldszen / Mulden was incorporated into the parish of Gerdauen within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Today Perewalowo lies - as it was in the 16th century! - again in the catchment area of the parish in Chernyakhovsk , which was reorganized in the 1990s. It belongs to the newly established Kaliningrad provost within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER).
Parish places
To 1945 belonged to the parish of Muldszen / Mulden:
| Name (until 1947/1950) | Russian name | Name (until 1947/1950) | Russian name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Astrawischken 1938–1945: Astrau |
Krasnoye | Klein Potauern | Solovyovo |
| Berszlack 1938–1945: Bärlack |
Narvskoye | Mud farms | Lemechowo |
| Bells | Frunsenskoje | Mauenfelde | Klyuchi |
|
Budwischken 1938–1945: Oberndorf |
Linjowo | Mauenwalde | Metschnikowo |
| Escherwalde | Lemechowo | Miggental | Mendeleevo |
| Gomischken 1938–1945: Gomingen |
Dalneje | Muldszen 1936–1938: Muldschen 1938–1945: Mulden |
Perevalovo |
| Gräbenswalde | Perelesky | New Astrawischken 1938–1945: New Astrau |
- |
| Groß Astrawischken 1938–1945: Großastrau |
Krasnoye | Nubertshöfen | Obuchowo |
| Great Potauern | Perekrostky | Pempienen 1938–1945: Hufenwald |
- |
| Groß Szemblonen 1936–1945: Groß Schemblonen |
Peterehlen | Vyazemskoye | |
| Grüntann | Lazarevo | Petrineusaß | Luschki |
| Ilmsdorf | Novo-Bobruisk | Reimerischken 1938–1945: Reimershof |
Tumanowo |
| Jodeglienen 1938–1945: Wiedenau |
- | Rosenthal | Shelesnowo |
| Juganeusaß 1938–1945: Odertal |
Jurowo | Seamstress | Berezovka |
| Kiauken 1938–1945: Kauken |
Molodzowo | Schönlinde | Linjowo |
| Kiehlendorf | Tichoje | Sokallen | Perowo |
| Klein Astrawischken 1938–1945: Ilmengrund |
Morosowka | Trenkensrest | Kovalevskoye |
| Small field | - | Werschen | Vershiny |
Pastor
Between 1601 and 1945 there were 24 clergymen in Muldszen / Mulden:
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More Attractions
In Perewalowo, to the east of the church, the former rectory and the war memorial in honor of those who fell in World War I, albeit without an inscription, have been preserved. In 2012 a paved path was laid from the street to the memorial.
Mulden had two cemeteries. The former cemetery north of the village was created in a small wood. Here you can still find a few old German gravestones with inscriptions and a large number of grave borders, some of which are labeled. The cemetery can no longer be recognized as such at first glance. Grave desecrations (excavated graves) and destroyed gravestones and grave borders characterize this place. Apart from the war memorial and remnants of the churchyard wall, which was partly integrated into a church annex built later, no traces of the former cemetery are to be found (as of September 2012).
Current state of the place
If one compares the building stock of today's Perewalowo with that of the old Mulden at the end of the war, it becomes clear that only a fraction of the old structure of the old Mulden has been preserved. Before the war, the place extended for a total of around 900 meters (without taking into account the still preserved Mulden settlement ) along the thoroughfare. The entrance to the village in the west was about 100 meters in front of the church. From the western half of the village, despite a large number of demolished buildings, some buildings and structures are still preserved. However, it is unmistakable that the predominantly old German building fabric is consistently in a very poor condition. Renewals can only be made out in isolated cases. The (still) reasonably preserved ensemble of buildings consisting of a rectory, church and war memorial should be emphasized. 400 meters behind the church to the east, the exit from the town seems to have been reached. In fact, the center of the village and, so to speak, the center of the village used to be here. In fact, nothing has been preserved from the eastern part of the village. The most easterly point of the place marked the fork in the road to Klein Gnie and Bokellen . This point is now a good 500 meters east of the current town exit.
Nothing has survived from the Szemblonen district (after 1938 Schemblonen ) located 400 meters south of the church . The last buildings were demolished in the 1990s. The districts of Gut Bärslack , Rosenthal , Lehmhöfel , Escherwalde , Gomingen , Kiauken , Gut Nubertshöfen , the district forester's Hufenwald (Pempienen) and some dismantling not far from the main town also no longer exist .
What has been preserved, however, is the former Mulden settlement to the west of the town , which today is an independent town.
school
Before 1945, the one- and two-class elementary schools in Muldszen / Mulden also included a private girls' school, which was adapted to the curriculum of the Insterburger Oberrealschule.
economy
The former Mulden formed a kind of village center for the surrounding communities until 1945. There were several public institutions such as the registry office, elementary school, post office, a branch of the district fire department, a gendarmerie, a syringe house and a detention cell. In addition, Mulden was the seat of the parish of the same name. There was also a community nurse and midwife on site.
The existence of a large number of commercial enterprises is also documented. There were at least two larger restaurants with a hall, guest room rentals, two butcher shops, a petrol station (Shell), grocery stores, trucking shops, a bookstore, drugstore, shops for household goods, ironmongery and coal, bakery, dairy, shops for clothing and haberdashery, and a hairdresser , Watchmaker, photographer, electrical and bicycle shop and an egg collection point. In addition, there was a blacksmith shop, a furniture, construction and coffin carpentry, joinery, a saddlery, a sawmill with wind turbine, a Trakehner - Stallion Station and a windmill .
Only a few buildings for commercial and public institutions still exist, but none of them serve their original purpose.
Personalities of the place
- Hans Schenk (born January 1, 1936 in Muldszen; † 2006), German Olympian and national javelin thrower coach
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Timetable on avtovokzal39.ru
- ↑ Perewalowo - Muldszen / Mulden
- ↑ http://www.bildarchiv-ostpreussen.de/cgi-bin/bildarchiv/suche/show_ortsinfos.cgi?id=57303
- ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Mulden district
- ^ Uli Schubert, municipality register Landkreis Gerdauen
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Gerdauen (Russian Schelesnodoroschnyj). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places of the Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ↑ According to the Law on the Composition and Territories of Municipal Forms of the Kaliningrad Oblast of June 25th / 1. July 2009, along with Law No. 476 of October 21, 2004, specified by Law No. 370 of July 1, 2009
- ↑ Muldszen, Muldschen, Mulden (Gerdauen district)
- ↑ Photo of the building from May 2020 on http://www.koenigbicycle.ru .
- ↑ a b Parish Muldszen / Mulden
- ↑ Ev.-luth. Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, pp. 98-99
- ↑ http://files.bildarchiv-ostpreussen.de/files/fotoalbum/dokumente/ID050572__Kirchdorf_Mulden.pdf
