Pravdinsk

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city
Pravdinsk
Friedland

Правдинск
flag coat of arms
flag
coat of arms
Federal district Northwest Russia
Oblast Kaliningrad
Rajon Pravdinsk
Founded 1312
Earlier names Friedland in East Prussia (until 1946)
City since 1335
surface 10  km²
population 4,323 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Population density 432 inhabitants / km²
Height of the center 20  m
Time zone UTC + 2
Telephone code (+7) 40157
Post Code 238400
License Plate 39, 91
OKATO 27 233 501
Geographical location
Coordinates 54 ° 27 '  N , 21 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 27 '0 "  N , 21 ° 1' 0"  E
Pravdinsk (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Pravdinsk (Kaliningrad Oblast)
Red pog.svg
Location in Kaliningrad Oblast
List of cities in Russia

Prawdinsk ( Russian Правдинск ( listen ? / I ), German until 1946 Friedland in East Prussia , Polish Frydląd , Lithuanian Romuva ) is a small town with 4,323 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in the south of the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in the Prawdinsk Rajon . The city of Pravdinsk is the administrative seat of the municipal self-government unit of the Pravdinsk district . Audio file / audio sample

location

The city is located in the historical region of East Prussia on the Alley , about 50 kilometers southeast of Koenigsberg ( Kaliningrad ).

history

In 1312 the present place was founded by the Teutonic Order . The Grand Master of the Order, Luther of Braunschweig, granted the place Kulm town charter in 1335 under the name Friedland . Lithuanian invaders wreaked havoc in 1347. In 1441 the city joined the Prussian Confederation and was one of the opponents of the Teutonic Order in the 1454 city ​​war . In the 15th century Friedland became an important center for cloth making and weaving. The army of the order destroyed Friedland again in 1466. The town suffered further destruction in 1553 by a fire that only escaped the church, and in 1656 by Swedish troops. In 1795 another fire raged in the city. The Battle of Friedland took place on June 14, 1807 , in which Napoleon defeated the Russian army. At the meeting of the European places called Friedland, the battle was re-enacted on the original location on the occasion of the 200th anniversary.

As a result of the Prussian administrative reform of 1818, Friedland became the district town of the district of the same name in the Königsberg administrative district . In 1885 the city had 3,182 inhabitants. Friedland lost the status of the district town in 1902 when the district office was relocated to Bartenstein .

At the beginning of the 20th century Friedland had a Protestant church, a rescue station, a preparatory institute , a district court, a main tax office as well as a steam grinder and a steam cutting mill. In 1921–1923, the Friedland power station was built, which supplied large parts of East Prussia with electricity. In 1927 the district was named after Bartenstein. When the Second World War broke out, Friedland had 4,410 inhabitants.

After the city was conquered by the Red Army in 1945, the city center was burned down and the church completely lost its furnishings . It was later converted into a warehouse.

After the Second World War , Friedland was placed under Soviet administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, together with the entire northern half of East Prussia, and renamed Pravdinsk , probably based on the Russian word pravda (truth) . The interesting buildings include the early Gothic parish church as well as the dam wall built around 1923 (formerly "East Prussia Works ") on the river Alle. The region was part of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and has been part of the Russian Federation ever since .

Population development

Friedland, northeast of Bartenstein , on a map from 1910
St. George's Church
Marketplace (summer 2011)
until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1782 over 2,000 without the garrison (a battalion of infantry )
1802 2.118
1810 1,535
1816 1,808 1,761 Protestants and 47 Catholics (no Jews)
1821 2.137
1831 2,283
1858 2,595 including 2,559 Evangelicals, seven Catholics and 29 Jews
1864 3,474 on December 3rd
1875 3,296
1880 3,366
1890 2,609
1900 2,824
1933 4,323
1939 4,410
since 1945
year Residents
1959 2,718
1970 3,335
1979 4,070
1989 4.143
2002 4,480
2010 4,323

Note: census data

Pravdinskoye gorodskoye posselenie 2004-2015

Location of the urban municipality Pravdinskoye gorodskoje posselenije within the Pravdinsk Raion
Mill pond (Melnitschny prud) on the northern outskirts, from the St. George's Church

The urban municipality of Pravdinskoje gorodskoje posselenije (ru. Правдинское городское поселение) was established in 2004 and, in addition to the city of Pravdinsk, contained another 32 “settlements” (Russian: possjolok) in the western and central Pravdinsk district of the . In 2015 the community was dissolved and its places incorporated into the Pravdinsk district.

The following places belonged to the 32 settlements of the Pravdinskoje selskoje posselenije:

Place name German name Place name German name
Antonowo (Антоново) Grünwalde Lukino (Лукино) Kloschenen
Bely Jar (Белый Яр) Ice wagon Novoye (Новое) Trimmau
Berjosowo (Берёзово) Schönbaum Oktyabrskoje (Октябрское) Klein Schönau
Bytschkowo (Бычково) Kaydann Peredowoje (Передовое) Post tendons
Kholmogorje (Холмогорье) Kipitten Pessochnoe (Песочное) Althof
Dalneje (Дальнее) Wommen Poretschje (Поречье) Allenau
Druzhba (Дрүжба) Allenburg Progress (Прогресс) Auglitten
Dworkino (Дворкино) Friedenberg Ryabinino (Рябинино) Korwlack
Fedotowo (Федотово) Plauen, Wehlau district Rodniki (Родники) Leißienen
Iswilino (Извилино) Dettmitten Rownoje (Ровное) Heinrichsdorf
Kisseljowka (Киселёвка) Karschau Shevchenko (Шевченко) to Friedland
Kostjukowka (Костюковка) Heyde Selentsowo (Зеленцово) Grünthal
Krasnopolje (Краснополье) Hohenstein Sevskoje (Севское) Boettchersdorf
Krutoi Jar (Крутой Яр) Götzlack Sopkino (Сопкино) Rosenberg, Gerdauen district
Kurortnoje (Курортное) Residential village with Agnesenhof Tjomkino (Тёмкино) Mertensdorf
Lugowoje (Луговое) Hohenfelde Trostniki (Тростники) Schakenhof

church

Evangelical

Parish

From the introduction of the Reformation up to 1945, there was a Protestant parish in Friedland. The church was St. George's Church. It was once part of the inspection of the court preacher in Königsberg (Prussia) (today in Russian: Kaliningrad), then it was integrated into the Friedland parish , which was converted into the Bartenstein parish (now in Polish: Bartoszyce) from 1927 . It was in the area of ​​the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Before 1912 the parish had 4,500 parishioners.

During the time of the Soviet Union , church life was forbidden. In the 1990s a new evangelical congregation was formed in Pravdinsk, which belongs to the catchment area of ​​the Resurrection Church congregation in Kaliningrad ( Königsberg (Prussia) ) and is incorporated into the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELCER).

Partnerships

The Evangelical Lutheran parish in Pravdinsk maintains partnerships with:

The city of Prawdinsk is one of the ten towns in Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Russia that bear or have carried the name Friedland and have been holding international peace meetings under the motto Friedland - Peaceful Land - Peaceful Europe since 1996 .

Parish locations (until 1945)

Before 1945, the Friedland parish included the following villages:

Name (until 1946) Russian name
Battkeim -
Bothkeim Chistopolye
Oak grove -
Friedlandshof -
Götzlack Krutoi Jar
Grünwalde Antonovo
Hegewald -
Heinrichsdorf Rovnoye
Heyde Kostyukovka
Kloschenen Lukino
Lawdt -
Mertensdorf Tjomkino
Post tendons Peredovoye
Bells in the church tower of Friedland / Prawdinsk (June 2011)
The articles Friedland Church (East Prussia) and Prawdinsk # Church Buildings overlap thematically. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. Wheeke ( discussion ) 13:59, Jul 6, 2018 (CEST)

Church building

In its beginnings, the Friedlander St. George's Church was built from wood in 1313. When the Lithuanians invaded it , it burned down in 1347, but was then rebuilt from 1360 to 1380 as a brick hall with sacristy and tower. Before the end of the 15th century, the church received extensive renovations. A three-aisled basilica with seven bays was created by adding two rows of pillars .

The St. Anna Chapel was added to the side walls on the south side in 1506 and later used as the private chapel of the von Proeck family , and after 1521 further chapels were added on the north side.

Detail of the church bell

The church's valuable art furnishings were stolen in 1948. One of the three bells once survived the war in the Hamburg bell cemetery and is now ringing in the church in Langenhagen in Lower Saxony . It dates from 1746 and was made in the Königsberg bell foundry Dörling . The other two bells, a small and a large one, have remained in the bell tower. The big bell dates from 1729 and still bears the coat of arms of Friedrich Wilhelm I (Prussia) ' FWR '.

Detail of the church bell

Between 1961 and 1991 the church was misused and served as a warehouse for the consumer cooperative until it was repaired - also with the strong support of former Friedland church members - and is now the place of worship of the Russian Orthodox Church.

The newly formed evangelical community today has a small community hall with a special church service hall.

Pastor

Until 1945 Friedland and the parish belonging to it was looked after by two clergymen (parish and deacon):

  • Heinrich Schmidt, until 1529
  • Laurentius Schönwald, 1529
  • Gregor Steinbach, from 1529
  • Petrus Praetorius, 1530-1532
  • Johannes Pauly, 1532-1537
  • Nicolaus Naps, 1533
  • Valentin Buge, 1537-1545
  • Basilius Kuntz, until 1543
  • George Hofmeister, around 1545
  • Michael Will (Eusebius), 1545-1547
  • Briccius Lehmann, 1547-1548
  • Michael Thiel, from 1548
  • Bonaventura Fischr, from 1550
  • Simon Dewitz, 1550–1559
  • Simon Wolrath, 1559-1567
  • Johann Morgenstern, 1567–1593
  • Erasmus Landenberg, until 1570
  • Sigismund Weier, 1570–1573
  • Christoph Schultz, 1573–1581
  • Joachim Bliefert, 1593–1602
  • Gregorovius Helming, until 1602
  • Martin Bergau, 1602-1612
  • Michael Wegner, 1602-1613
  • Petrus Conradi, 1612-1620
  • Christoph Werner, 1613-1640
  • Christian Freymuth, 1621-1646
  • Andreas Blanckenburg, 1641–1642
  • Johann Brien, 1643–1657
  • Christoph Sperber, 1647–1671
  • Martin Scheibe, 1657–1677
  • Christoph Cramer, 1671–1677
  • Johann Grantzau, from 1677
  • George Fischer, 1677-1696
  • Christoph Bartholomäus Cramer, 1696–1727
  • Christian Störmer, until 1717
  • Johann Fischer, 1720–1739
  • Friedrich Sigismund Schmidt, 1727–1735
  • Gottfried Eigenfeld, 1735–1759
  • Daniel Reinhold Bock, 1739–1747
  • Johann Bernhard Kuhn, 1747–1799
  • Johann Daniel Wardemünde, 1755–1771
  • Matthias Friedrich Rücker, 1771–1775
  • August Hermann Glawe, 1776–1778
  • Gottfried Heinrich Sommerey, 1778–1787
  • Johann Friedrich Kuschinsky, 1787–1814
  • Samuel Heinrich Keber, 1792–1814
  • Johann Wilhelm Traugott Pancritius, 1814–1851
  • Christian Friedrich Parthey, 1814–1817
  • Johann Gottfried Schröder, 1817–1823
  • Hans Albert Weisse, 1824–1839
  • Johann Adolf Ferdinand Müller, 1839–1855
  • Emil Hein, 1851–1871
  • Carl August Richard Johann, 1855–1872
  • Bernhard Schöllner, 1872–1878
  • Eduard Johann H. Erdmann, 1873–1881
  • Hugo Rosseck, 1879–1883
  • Maximilian Michael Krenz, 1883–1884
  • Emil Eschenbach, 1884-1891
  • Johann Adalbert Volrad Huebner, 1885–1889
  • Karl Richard Grabowski, 1889–1891
  • Friedrich Grünhagen, 1891–1906
  • Friedrich Johann Rathke, 1893–1895
  • Friedrich Karl Gooth. Müller, 1895-1898
  • Karl Wilhelm Heinrich Müller, 1898–1902
  • Friedrich Otto Bierfreund, 1902–1912
  • Gottlieb Heinrich Adolf Richard Rothe, 1907–1928
  • Alfred Friedrich Karl Halling, 1912–1913
  • Benno Kaleß, from 1913
  • Egon Sprang, 1923-1927
  • Siegfried Küchler, 1927–1930
  • Walter Schultz, 1928–1934
  • Heinrich Geiger, 1930–1934
  • Bruno Schiemann, 1934–1945
  • Alfred Halling, 1935–1945

Church records

Many church registers of the Friedland parish are now kept in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg :

  • Baptisms: 1640-1879
  • Weddings: 1677 to 1888
  • Burials: 1716 to 1884
  • Confirmations: 1819 to 1823.

Other church-chronical records are also available there.

Church district

Until 1927 Friedland was the official seat and eponymous place of a church district within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Then Bartenstein (now Polish: Bartoszyce) became the administrative seat.

This church district included 14 parishes, whose areas are today in Russia (RUS) as well as in Poland (PL):

Catholic

A Roman Catholic parish was founded in Friedland in 1931 and existed until 1945. Their district was branched off from that of the parish in Tapiau (Russian: Gwardeisk). Friedland was in the area of ​​the Diocese of Warmia .

Interior view of the church (June 2011)

Russian Orthodox

Today there is a Russian Orthodox community in Pravdinsk . It uses the former Protestant St. George's Church as a place of worship. Pravdinsk belongs to the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltijsk ( Königsberg and Pillau ).

Hydroelectric power plant

Friedland hydropower plant (1930s)

The hydropower plant for Kaliningrad is to be restored.

Attractions

  • In the city center, the Gothic (formerly Protestant , today Russian Orthodox ) St. George's Church was preserved after 1990 with German support.
  • Local museum. It also shows a wooden sculpture with a severed face, the only thing that remains of the church's once-rich interior.
  • Memorial plaque to the Königsberg poet Agnes Miegel on the outer wall of the former grammar school, which bore her name from 1923 to 1945
  • Monument to the Russian Major General Nikolai Masowski, who died in the Battle of Friedland in 1807, in a small park near the church
  • Monument to the Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov
  • Mass grave for Russian soldiers from the Battle of Friedland
  • Lenin monument
  • Prawdinsk Reservoir ( Reihersee ), on the southern outskirts

Personalities

  • Moritz Heling (1522–1595), theologian
  • Albert Scheffler (1858–1928), classical philologist and high school teacher
  • Hartmut Lubomierski (* 1943), data protection expert
  • Otto Saro (1818–1888), Chief Public Prosecutor in Königsberg, member of the Prussian House of Representatives and the Reichstag

See also

literature

  • Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 175-179.
  • Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, pp. 479-483 .
  • August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, paragraph 112.
  • Wilhelm Sahm : History of the city of Friedland Ostpr. Published on behalf of the magistrate. Gräfe and Unzer, Königsberg 1913.

Web links

Commons : Prawdinsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 111, point 6).
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, point 4).
  4. a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 282–283, item 177.
  5. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, paragraph 112.
  6. Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 79, point 60.
  7. Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative district : Berlin 1966, 5th Friedland district, p. 2, item 38.
  8. a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. bartenstein.html # ew33bartfriedland. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. Through the Закон Калининградской области от 21 декабря 2004 г. № 476 «О наделении муниципального образования" Правдинский район "статусом муниципального района и об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципальных образований , находящихся на его территории" (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 21 December 2004, No. 476. About the equipping of municipal Formation of "Pravdinsk Raion" with the status of a municipal raion and on setting the boundaries and providing the corresponding status of the municipal formations located on its territory)
  10. Ev.-luth. Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.propstei-kaliningrad.info
  11. ^ Partnerships ( memento from November 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on friedland-mecklenburg.de
  12. Kirchspiel Friedland ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hkg-barenstein.de
  13. Parish Church of St. George in Friedland / Prawdinsk
  14. ^ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968
  15. Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin , Part 1: The Eastern Church Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union, Berlin, 1992³
  16. The restoration of the Friedland hydropower plant (Königsberger Express 2017)