Prussian Confederation

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Teutonic order state around 1410
Light gray : " Teutonic Order State in Prussia " as a fiefdom of the Polish king, called Ducal Prussia from 1525;
Colored : "Prussia royal share", divided into the three voivodships Kulm, Marienburg and Pomerania, and the prince-bishopric of Warmia, linked in a union with the Polish crown;
Khaki : Lande Lauenburg and Bütow as pledge property of the Dukes of Pomerania (political status of the year 1466)

The Prussian Confederation (actually "Confederation against violence and injustice" ) was founded on March 14, 1440 in Marienwerder . It joined 53 nobles and 19 cities, including Danzig , Elbing and Thorn , against the arbitrariness of the Teutonic Knights together

" To stand faithfully to one another, ... to throw off the violence and injustice that happened to them in earlier times ."

The German order was after the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 the First Peace of Thorn was, in 1411, forced to pay reparations to Poland, which brought him to the brink of financial ruin. Therefore, the Teutonic Order, as sovereign, raised additional taxes from the Prussian estates and Hanseatic cities . Thereupon the estates unsuccessfully demanded a say in the government of the religious state. Inspired by the resistance of the Prussian estates, a peasant uprising broke out in Warmia in 1441 , which was suppressed by the friars.

While Grand Master Konrad von Erlichshausen (1441–1449) tried to find a balance with the estates, his nephew and successor Ludwig von Erlichshausen (1450–1467) tried to establish the Prussian Confederation in cooperation with the Pope and the Roman King through legal means (Proof the illegality). Friedrich III. first recognized the federal government in 1441. But on December 1, 1453, the emperor decided the dispute in favor of the order.

Thereupon the Prussian Confederation terminated obedience to the Grand Master as patron, declared war on the order on February 4, 1454 and, with its leader Hans von Baysen, submitted to King Casimir IV. Andrew of Poland as patron on March 6, 1454 .

The now secessionist alliance led to the Thirteen Years' War against the order, which ended in 1466 with the Second Peace of Thorn . The part of the Prussian Confederation that was able to evade order was linked to the Kingdom of Poland as the “Ständestaat Prussian Royal Share ” .

Members

Founding members from March 14, 1440:

German name Polish Russian (after 1945)
Thorn Toruń
Thorner Neustadt
Culm Chełmno
Elblag Elbląg
Neustadt Elbing
Right city of Gdansk Gdańsk
Braunsberg Braniewo
Old town Koenigsberg Królewiec in Kaliningrad
Kneiphof Knipawa in Kaliningrad
Praise not Lipnik in Kaliningrad
Graudenz Grudziądz
Strasburg Brodnica
Neumark Nowe Miasto Lubawskie
Löbau in West Prussia Lubawa
Rehden Radzyń Chełmiński
Wehlau Welawa Znamensk
Allenburg Alembork Druzhba
Tin Cynty Kornewo
Holy ax Święta Siekierka Mamonowo
Landsberg Górowo Iławeckie

Further members from April 3, 1440:

German name Polish
Mewe Gniew
Old town Gdansk Gdańsk
Neuchâtel Nowe
Lauenburg Lębork
Leba Łeba
Hela Hel
Cute puck

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Prussia . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 13 . Altenburg 1861, p. 519-563 ( zeno.org ).
  2. ↑ http://www.ordensstaat.de/orden/anhang/glossar.htm
  3. ↑ Leba in the Prussian Federation ( Memento from July 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive )

literature

  • Marian Biskup : The Prussian Confederation 1440-1454. History, structure, activity and significance in the history of Prussia and Poland. In: Konrad Fritze , Eckhard Müller-Mertens , Johannes Schildhauer (eds.): Bourgeoisie, commercial capital, city federations. Böhlau, Weimar 1975, pp. 210–229 ( Hansische Studien. 3, ISSN  1617-061X = treatises on trade and social history. 15).
  • Hartmut Boockmann : On the political goals of the Teutonic Order in its dispute with the Prussian estates. In: Jahrbuch für Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands 15 (1966), ISSN  0075-2614 , pp. 57-104.
  • [Karl] Lohmeyer:  Baysen, Hans von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 189 f.
  • Klaus Neitmann : The Prussian Estates and Foreign Policy of the Teutonic Order up to the Secession of the Prussian Confederation (1411–1454), Forms and Ways of Estimate Influence. In: Udo Arnold (Hrsg.): Order, estates and city politics. On the development of Prussia in the 14th and 15th centuries. Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk, Lüneburg 1985, pp. 27–80 ( series of publications Nordost-Archiv 25 = conference reports of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research 5). ISBN 3-922296-30-0 .
  • Jürgen Sarnowsky : The class criticism of the Teutonic Order in the first half of the 15th century , in: The Prussia as a research task. A European region in its historical references. Festschrift for Udo Arnold on the occasion of his 60th birthday, dedicated by the members of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research, ed. by Bernhart Jähnig / Georg Michels , Lüneburg 2000, pp. 403-422 ( individual publications of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research 20). ISBN 3-932267-23-0 .

Web links

Commons : Prussian Confederation  - collection of images, videos and audio files