Nowe (city)

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Nowe
Nowe coat of arms
Nowe (Poland)
Nowe
Nowe
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Kuyavian Pomeranian
Powiat : Świecki
Gmina : Nowe
Geographic location : 53 ° 39 '  N , 18 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 38 '58 "  N , 18 ° 43' 32"  E
Residents : 5994 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Postal code : 86-170
Telephone code : (+48) 52
License plate : CSW
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Laskowice Pomorskie – Tczew
Twarda Góra Railway Station



Nowe [ 'nɔvɛ ] ( German Neuchâtel i. Western Pr. , 1942–1945 Neuchâtel (Vistula) ) is a town in the Powiat Świecki of the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with a little over 10,500 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The city is located in the Kulmerland in the former West Prussia , about 75 kilometers northeast of Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ) and 80 kilometers south of Gdansk , in an elevated position at the mouth of the Mątawa ( Montau ) in the Vistula .

Catholic Parish Church of St. Matthew
Buildings on the market square
Neuchâtel on the Vistula around the middle of the 19th century ( lithograph )

history

The village was first founded and fortified in 1185 by the Pomeranian Duke Sobieslaw I , but was then often besieged and destroyed. In 1266 Neuchâtel is mentioned as a castle square. Franciscans settled here in 1282 . In 1301, Neuchâtel came into the possession of Peter Swenzas, also known as Peter von Neuchâtel , from the Swenzone counts . German law has been applied in the village since 1302. In 1307 Swenza took the city of Neuchâtel including the castle as a fief from the Margraves of Brandenburg . After Neuchâtel was destroyed in 1308, the city was sold to the Teutonic Order in 1313 . In 1350 the city received its handicrafts.

During the thirteen-year Prussian City War , the Teutonic Order lost the city in 1465 as its last base on the west bank of the Vistula. Neuchâtel later became part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship of the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which voluntarily submitted to the Polish crown and thus brought about a division of Prussia. The Reformation gained a foothold in Neuchâtel early on, but for the time being the Protestant community was spared from denominational disputes because the owner of the Starostei was Protestant. After the abbey church was removed, the parish was looked after by the preacher von Nebrau until 1772 . Around 1570 there were 121 houses, seven pubs, ten shoemakers, eleven tailors, five bakers and a few dozen craftsmen in the market town. A Vistula barge and a barge were in operation on the Vistula . There were eleven fishermen, 20 gardeners, a grain mill, a cutting mill and an inn on the Schloss Freiheit. As part of the first partition of Poland in 1772, Neuchâtel came to the Kingdom of Prussia .

In 1787 the dilapidated castle in the northeast corner of the city was converted into a Protestant church. The Franciscans had left Neuchâtel before 1836. Since 1846, the monastery church was Protestant, the church belonged until 1945 to over time changing regional divisions was founded in 1817 Protestant Church in the Royal Prussian lands , with the exception of 1923 and 1940 where they part of the Uniate Evangelical Church in Poland was . At the beginning of the 20th century Neuchâtel had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue and a district court. On November 19, 1904, the Hardenberg – Neuchâtel railway began operations.

By the end of World War Neuchâtel belonged to the circle Schwetz in marienwerder the province of West Prussia of the German Reich .

After the end of the war, Neuchâtel had to be ceded to Poland in 1920 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor on German territory without a referendum and became part of the new Pomeranian Voivodeship . In 1934, the Polish state government unilaterally terminated the minority protection treaty concluded in Versailles on June 28, 1919 between the Allied and Associated Main Powers and Poland .

As a result of the attack on Poland in 1939, the territory of the Polish Corridor was annexed by the German Reich in violation of international law . For the period from 1939 to 1945, Neuchâtel belonged to the occupation authority district of Schwetz in the occupation authority district of Bromberg in the Reichsgau Gdansk-West Prussia .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1773 1,079
1780 1,330 mostly Roman Catholic Poles
1802 1,738
1810 1,537
1816 1,556 671 Protestants, 745 Catholics and 140 Jews
1821 1.933
1831 2,430 mostly Catholics, also Evangelicals and Mennonites
1871 4,577 1,800 Protestants and 2,200 Catholics (1,500 Poles )
1875 4,712
1880 4,947
1890 4,803 of which 1,739 Protestants, 2,806 Catholics and 243 Jews (1,600 Poles)
1905 5,142 including 1,771 Protestants, 3,185 Catholics and 162 Jews
1921 approx. 4,000 thereof 700 Germans (after establishing the Polish Corridor )
1943 5,233
Population since 1945
year Residents Remarks
2012 6.234 As of June 30, 2012

Ordensburg Neuchâtel

preserved main building of the former castle of the Teutonic Order
Castle, now the city library

In 1266 Neuchâtel is mentioned as a castle square. In 1301, Neuchâtel came into the possession of Peter Swenzas, also known as Peter von Neuchâtel , from the Swenzone counts . In 1307 Swenza took the city of Neuchâtel including the castle as a fief from the Margraves of Brandenburg . After Neuchâtel was destroyed in 1308, the city was sold to the Teutonic Order in 1313 . During the thirteen-year Prussian City War , the Teutonic Order lost the city in 1465 as its last base on the west bank of the Vistula. Neuchâtel later became part of the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which voluntarily submitted to the Polish crown and thus brought about a division of Prussia.

As part of the first partition of Poland in 1772, Neuchâtel came to the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1787 the dilapidated castle in the northeast corner of the city was converted into a Protestant church. After the castle was used as a Protestant church until the 19th century, it now houses the city library (2010).

traffic

Since 1990 the passenger traffic of the Kleinbahn Hardenberg – Neuchâtel has been stopped and it has been closed.

local community

The town and ten villages with school administration offices belong to the town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Nowe.

sons and daughters of the town

  • Franz Bauer (1894–1966), German politician (NSDAP) and MdR
  • Ernst von Heyking (1862–1940), German administrative lawyer and Member of Parliament in the Kingdom of Prussia
  • Bronisław Malinowski (1951–1981), Polish athlete and Olympic champion
  • Erich Martini (1867–1953), professor of medicine and senior marine physician-general
  • Friedrich Nowack (1890–1959), German politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag and trade unionist
  • Julius Schoeps (1864–1942), German doctor with the title of Medical Councilor and Royal Prussian Guard officer

Other personalities

  • Peter von Neuenburg (also Peter Swenza , † 1226/27), large landowner and state politician, resided here.

literature

Web links

Commons : Nowe  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Neuburg in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia . Marienwerder 1789, p. 65, no.3) .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Handbook of historical sites, East and West Prussia , Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 153–154.
  3. ^ Leopold von Ledebur (ed.): New General Archive for the History of the Prussian State , Volume 1, Berlin Posen Bromberg 1836, p. 58 .
  4. ↑ The parish belonged from 1817 to 1832 and 1886 to 1923 to the ecclesiastical province of West Prussia with its seat in Danzig, from 1832 to 1886 to the ecclesiastical province of Prussia with its seat in Königsberg in Prussia and then from 1940 to 1945 to the church area of ​​Danzig-West Prussia with its seat in Danzig.
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 14, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 546.
  6. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 338–339, item 476.
  7. ↑ August Eduard Preuß : Prussian country and folklore , Königsberg 1835, pp. 386–387, no. 19.
  8. ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 54-55, item 9.
  9. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of West Prussia, district of Schwetz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ↑ Der Große Brockhaus , 15th edition, Volume 13, Leipzig 1932, p. 295.
  11. ↑ http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_30062012.pdf
  12. ^ Leopold von Ledebur (ed.): New General Archive for the History of the Prussian State , Volume 1, Berlin Posen Bromberg 1836, p. 58 .
  13. ^ Ryszard Stankiewicz and Marcin Stiasny: Atlas Linii Kolejowych Polski 2014 . Eurosprinter, Rybnik 2014, ISBN 978-83-63652-12-8 , p. B6