Schwetz district

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The Schwetz district was a Prussian district in the Marienwerder administrative district that existed from 1818 to 1920 . With this he belonged to the Province of West Prussia , in the meantime from 1829 to 1878 to the Province of Prussia . It was located on the western bank of the Vistula in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 . His district town was Schwetz . From 1939 to 1945 the district in the German-occupied Poland was re-established under the name Landkreis Schwetz (since 1942 Landkreis Schwetz (West Pr.) ) As part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Schwetz district on a map from 1890
West Prussia Province in 1919
  • Gdansk administrative district
  • Marienwerder administrative district
  • history

    The area of ​​the Schwetz district came to Prussia through the first Polish partition in 1772 and belonged to the Konitz district until 1818 , which at that time comprised the entire southern part of Pomerania . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the new administrative district of Marienwerder of the new province of West Prussia . As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Marienwerder administrative district, the new Schwetz district was formed on April 1, 1818. It included the city and the administrative office of Schwetz, the city and most of the office of Neuchâtel, six localities of the administrative office of Graudenz and 98 noble estates. The town of Schwetz became the seat of the district office of the new district.

    Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the district had to be ceded to Poland on January 10, 1920 for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor . In Poland, the district continued as Powiat Świecki ( Schwetzer Kreis ).

    After the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the annexation of the territory by the German Reich, the district became part of the new administrative district of Bromberg in the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia on November 26, 1939 - later Danzig-West Prussia . Since June 25, 1942, the district had the name Schwetz (Westpr.) . Towards the end of the Second World War , the district was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and again became part of Poland. As far as the German residents had not fled, most of them were subsequently driven out of the district by the local Polish administrative authorities .

    population

    The population of the district at approximate ten-year intervals: The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:

    year 1821 1831 1840 1852 1861 1871 1880 1890 1900 1910
    Residents 37,076 41,660 51,380 60,847 64,958 73,609 ? 78,487 82,815 89,712
    Evangelical
    Catholics
    Jews
    18,223
    17,493
    00.340
    19,677
    20,448
    00.526
    24,786
    24,896
    00.693
    29,562
    29,172
    01,251
    31,059
    31,584
    01,426
    33,600
    37,728
    01,542
      32,473
    44,146
    01,242
    32,664
    48,550
    00.970
    35,916
    52,376
    00.719
    German-speaking,
    bilingual, Polish -speaking
      23,718
    -
    17,942
      33,052
    -
    27,795
    34,648
    -
    30,310
        37,328
    01,132
    40,015
    37,021
    01,326
    44,428
    42,233
    02,673
    44,792

    politics

    District administrators

    Local constitution

    The Schwetz district was divided into the cities of Neuchâtel i. Wpr. and Schwetz, in rural communities and independent manor districts .

    Reichstag elections

    In the German Empire, the Schwetz district formed the Marienwerder 5 Reichstag constituency . This constituency was fought over in all Reichstag elections between German and Polish candidates. The respective winners only prevailed with narrow majorities:

    cities and communes

    In 1912 the Schwetz district comprised the two cities of Neuchâtel i. Western pr. and Schwetz as well as 151 rural communities:

    • Noble Salesche
    • Old Jasnitz
    • Old Marsau
    • Old flow
    • Andreasthal
    • Bagniewo
    • Bechau
    • Biechowo
    • Blondzmin
    • Brachlin
    • Branitz
    • Brattwin
    • Bresin
    • Briesen
    • Bukowitz
    • Bushin
    • Cute
    • Christfelde
    • Czemnik-Wenglarken
    • German Lonk
    • German Westphalen
    • Dragass
    • Dritschmin
    • Drosdowo
    • Dubelno
    • Tolerant
    • Ehrenthal
    • Eibenhorst
    • Eichenhorst
    • Aspen height
    • Espenwerder
    • Flötenau
    • Franzdorf
    • Friedrichsdank
    • Five mornings
    • Gatzki
    • Yells
    • Gellenhütte
    • Grabowko
    • Groddeck
    • Great German Konopath
    • Groß Kommorsk, farming village
    • Groß Kommorsk, Käthnerdorf
    • Great Lonk
    • Great Lubin
    • Great Plochochin
    • Great Sanskau
    • Great Sibsau
    • Great Westphalia
    • Big fidget
    • group
    • Gruchno
    • Hardenberg
    • Hasenau
    • Heinrichsdorf
    • Helenenfelde
    • Hilmarsdorf
    • Yeschewo
    • Jeziorken
    • Johannisberg
    • Julienfelde
    • Julienhof
    • Boys
    • Boy sand
    • Junkerhof
    • Karlshorst
    • Klein German Konopath
    • Klein Kommorsk
    • Little Lubin
    • Little Plochochin
    • Klein Sanskau
    • Little Sibsau
    • Klein Taschau
    • Small fidgeting
    • Kommerau
    • Royal Glugowko
    • Royal Salesche
    • Thank you very much
    • Konschütz
    • Korritowo
    • Koselitz
    • Kosovo
    • Kranichsfelde
    • Krupozhin
    • Krusch
    • Courland
    • Laski
    • Laskowitz train station
    • Lianno
    • Lichtenhain
    • Liedkesfelde
    • Linsk
    • Lipnitz
    • Lippink
    • Lonsk
    • Lonskipietz
    • Lowinneck
    • Lubau
    • Lubiewo
    • Lubsee
    • Ludwigsthal
    • Luzhkovo
    • Maleschechowo
    • Michelau
    • Miedzno
    • Mischke
    • Montau
    • Mukrz
    • New Jaschinnitz
    • New Klunkwitz
    • New Marsau
    • Neuchâtel i. Western pr. , City
    • Nine lifts
    • Neusaß-Treul
    • Lower Sartowitz
    • Niedwitz
    • Osche
    • Oslowo
    • Puff
    • Richlawo
    • Roschanno
    • Rudtken
    • Sadrosch
    • Sandberg
    • Schellenschin
    • Shiroslaw
    • Schirotzken
    • Schönau
    • Schwekatowo
    • Schwetz, city
    • Sdroje
    • Skrzinken
    • Skurzejewo
    • Sprints
    • Suchau
    • Suchom
    • Sullnowko
    • Taschauerfelde
    • Topo left
    • Topollno
    • Trempel
    • Faithful
    • Tuschin
    • Udschitz
    • Unterberg
    • Waldau
    • Warlubia
    • pasture
    • Wentfin
    • Wiersch
    • Wilhelmsmark
    • Winter village
    • Zielonka

    A large number of manor districts also belonged to the district.

    Schwetz district in occupied Poland 1939–1945

    Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

    Administrative history

    After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the cities of Neuchâtel (Vistula) and Schwetz (Vistula) were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the old Reich and provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts.

    District administrators

    • 1941 000Rampf (acting)
    • 1941– 00Karl Rüsch

    Place names

    By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names. Through the order regarding the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior, all place names were Germanized, either in the form of 1918 or as a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:

    • Dritschmin → Dretz
    • Brosowo → Brosau
    • Bukowitz → Hasenmühl
    • Grutschno → Groats
    • Yeschewo → Yeschau
    • Lianno → Linne (Western Pr.)
    • Luzhkovko → Luzhkov
    • Neuchâtel i. Western pr. → Neuchâtel (Vistula)
    • Prust → Check
    • Schirotzken → scraps
    • Schwekatowo → Schweike
    • Schwetz → Schwetz (Vistula)
    • Warlubia → Warlieb
    • Plewno → Julienhof

    literature

    Web links

    • District of Schwetz administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 13, 2013.

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 70 ff . ( Digitized version ).
    2. ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 354 ( digitized version ).
    3. Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998, p. 112.
    4. Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / zhsf.gesis.org
    5. Municipal directory 1910 with population figures