Schwetz district

The Schwetz district was a Prussian district in the Marienwerder administrative district that existed from 1818 to 1920 . With this he belonged to the Province of West Prussia , in the meantime from 1829 to 1878 to the Province of Prussia . It was located on the western bank of the Vistula in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 . His district town was Schwetz . From 1939 to 1945 the district in the German-occupied Poland was re-established under the name Landkreis Schwetz (since 1942 Landkreis Schwetz (West Pr.) ) As part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Schwetz district on a map from 1890

West Prussia Province in 1919

Gdansk administrative district

Marienwerder administrative district

history

The area of ​​the Schwetz district came to Prussia through the first Polish partition in 1772 and belonged to the Konitz district until 1818 , which at that time comprised the entire southern part of Pomerania . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the new administrative district of Marienwerder of the new province of West Prussia . As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Marienwerder administrative district, the new Schwetz district was formed on April 1, 1818. It included the city and the administrative office of Schwetz, the city and most of the office of Neuchâtel, six localities of the administrative office of Graudenz and 98 noble estates. The town of Schwetz became the seat of the district office of the new district.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the district had to be ceded to Poland on January 10, 1920 for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor . In Poland, the district continued as Powiat Świecki ( Schwetzer Kreis ).

After the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the annexation of the territory by the German Reich, the district became part of the new administrative district of Bromberg in the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia on November 26, 1939 - later Danzig-West Prussia . Since June 25, 1942, the district had the name Schwetz (Westpr.) . Towards the end of the Second World War , the district was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and again became part of Poland. As far as the German residents had not fled, most of them were subsequently driven out of the district by the local Polish administrative authorities .

population

The population of the district at approximate ten-year intervals: The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:

year	1821	1831	1840	1852	1861	1871	1880	1890	1900	1910
Residents	37,076	41,660	51,380	60,847	64,958	73,609	?	78,487	82,815	89,712
Evangelical Catholics Jews	18,223 17,493 00.340	19,677 20,448 00.526	24,786 24,896 00.693	29,562 29,172 01,251	31,059 31,584 01,426	33,600 37,728 01,542		32,473 44,146 01,242	32,664 48,550 00.970	35,916 52,376 00.719
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking		23,718 - 17,942		33,052 - 27,795	34,648 - 30,310			37,328 01,132 40,015	37,021 01,326 44,428	42,233 02,673 44,792

politics

District administrators

• 1818–1823 00Karl Wilhelm Gerdes
• 1823–1827 00by Lewinski
• 1827–1829 00Sartorius von Schwanenfeld
• 1829–1850 Raimund von Pape00
• 1850–1867 Richard Wegner (1815–1894)00
• 1867–1870 Hans von Zedlitz-Leipe00
• 1870–1874 Wilhelm Woldeck von Arneburg (1838–1877)00
• 1874–1897 00Gustav Gerlich
• 1897–1903 Hans Grashoff (1862–1938)00
• 1903–1916 Gustav Adolf von Halem (1870–1932)00
• 1916–1919 Friedrich Frankenbach (1884–1942) (substitute)00
• 1919–1920 Werner Zschintzsch (1888–1953) (acting)00

Local constitution

The Schwetz district was divided into the cities of Neuchâtel i. Wpr. and Schwetz, in rural communities and independent manor districts .

Reichstag elections

In the German Empire, the Schwetz district formed the Marienwerder 5 Reichstag constituency . This constituency was fought over in all Reichstag elections between German and Polish candidates. The respective winners only prevailed with narrow majorities:

• 1871 Gustav Gerlich , National Liberal Party00
• 1874 Erasmus von Parczewski , Polish parliamentary group00
• 1877 Franz August von Gordon , German Conservative Party00
• 187800 Franz August von Gordon, German Conservative Party
• 1881 Boleslaw von Kossowski , Polish parliamentary group00
• 188400 Franz August von Gordon, German Conservative Party
• 1887 Otto Holtz , Free Conservative Party00
• 189000 Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party
• 189300 Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party
• 189800 Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party
• 190300 Otto Holtz, Free Conservative Party
• 1907 Julian von Saß-Jaworski , Polish parliamentary group00
• 1912 Gustav Adolf von Halem , Free Conservative Party00

cities and communes

In 1912 the Schwetz district comprised the two cities of Neuchâtel i. Western pr. and Schwetz as well as 151 rural communities:

Noble Salesche Old Jasnitz Old Marsau Old flow Andreasthal Bagniewo Bechau Biechowo Blondzmin Brachlin Branitz Brattwin Bresin Briesen Bukowitz Bushin Cute Christfelde Czemnik-Wenglarken German Lonk German Westphalen Dragass Dritschmin Drosdowo Dubelno Tolerant Ehrenthal Eibenhorst Eichenhorst Aspen height Espenwerder Flötenau Franzdorf Friedrichsdank Five mornings Gatzki Yells Gellenhütte Grabowko

Groddeck Great German Konopath Groß Kommorsk, farming village Groß Kommorsk, Käthnerdorf Great Lonk Great Lubin Great Plochochin Great Sanskau Great Sibsau Great Westphalia Big fidget group Gruchno Hardenberg Hasenau Heinrichsdorf Helenenfelde Hilmarsdorf Yeschewo Jeziorken Johannisberg Julienfelde Julienhof Boys Boy sand Junkerhof Karlshorst Klein German Konopath Klein Kommorsk Little Lubin Little Plochochin Klein Sanskau Little Sibsau Klein Taschau Small fidgeting Kommerau Royal Glugowko Royal Salesche Thank you very much

Konschütz Korritowo Koselitz Kosovo Kranichsfelde Krupozhin Krusch Courland Laski Laskowitz train station Lianno Lichtenhain Liedkesfelde Linsk Lipnitz Lippink Lonsk Lonskipietz Lowinneck Lubau Lubiewo Lubsee Ludwigsthal Luzhkovo Maleschechowo Michelau Miedzno Mischke Montau Mukrz New Jaschinnitz New Klunkwitz New Marsau Neuchâtel i. Western pr. , City Nine lifts Neusaß-Treul Lower Sartowitz Niedwitz Osche

Oslowo Puff Richlawo Roschanno Rudtken Sadrosch Sandberg Schellenschin Shiroslaw Schirotzken Schönau Schwekatowo Schwetz, city Sdroje Skrzinken Skurzejewo Sprints Suchau Suchom Sullnowko Taschauerfelde Topo left Topollno Trempel Faithful Tuschin Udschitz Unterberg Waldau Warlubia pasture Wentfin Wiersch Wilhelmsmark Winter village Zielonka

A large number of manor districts also belonged to the district.

Schwetz district in occupied Poland 1939–1945

Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

Administrative history

After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the cities of Neuchâtel (Vistula) and Schwetz (Vistula) were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the old Reich and provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts.

District administrators

• 1941 000Rampf (acting)
• 1941– 00Karl Rüsch

Place names

By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names. Through the order regarding the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior, all place names were Germanized, either in the form of 1918 or as a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:

• Dritschmin → Dretz
• Brosowo → Brosau
• Bukowitz → Hasenmühl
• Grutschno → Groats
• Yeschewo → Yeschau
• Lianno → Linne (Western Pr.)
• Luzhkovko → Luzhkov
• Neuchâtel i. Western pr. → Neuchâtel (Vistula)
• Prust → Check
• Schirotzken → scraps
• Schwekatowo → Schweike
• Schwetz → Schwetz (Vistula)
• Warlubia → Warlieb
• Plewno → Julienhof

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 54-55, item 9.
• E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the administrative district Marienwerder. Danzig 1868, pp. 148-175 .
• Richard Wagner: A Pomeranian Duchy and a Teutonic Order Komthurei. Cultural history of the Schwetzer Kreis edited from archival and other sources. Volume 1: Until 1466. Posen 1872 ( e-copy ).
• ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 613-614.
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

• District of Schwetz administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 13, 2013.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 70 ff . ( Digitized version ).
2. ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 354 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998, p. 112.
4. ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ Municipal directory 1910 with population figures