Berent County

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The Berent district was a Prussian district that existed from 1818 to 1920. It was located in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and was called the Polish Corridor . Its county seat was Berent . From 1939 to 1945 the district was re-established in occupied Poland as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Map of Berent County
West Prussia Province in 1919
  • Gdansk administrative district
  • Marienwerder administrative district
  • history

    With the first partition of Poland , the district came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 and initially belonged to the Stargard district in the province of West Prussia . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the province of West Prussia. As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Danzig administrative district, the new Berent district was formed on April 1, 1818 from parts of the old Stargard district . It included the cities of Berent and Schöneck , the Intendanturamt Berent, the Domainamt Schöneck and a large number of noble estates. The district office was in Berent. The district bordered in the west on the Pomeranian district of Bütow , in the north on the district of Karthaus and the district of Danzig , in the east on the district of Preußisch Stargard and in the south on the district of Konitz .

    From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .

    Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the Berent district had to be ceded by the German Reich on January 10, 1920. Most of the district fell to Poland and continued as Powiat Kościerski . Several parishes in the northeast of the district fell to the Free City of Danzig and were assigned to the Danziger Höhe district .

    population

    The following is an overview according to number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:

    year 1821 1831 1852 1861 1871 1890 1900 1910
    Residents 19,634 23,120 32,808 38,767 43,777 45,947 49,821 55,976
    Evangelical
    Catholics
    Jews
    8,411
    10,798
    420
      14.009
    18.206
    622
    16,783
    21,327
    639
    17,755
    25,224
    749
    18,614
    26,648
    654
    19,259
    30,040
    469
    20,875
    34,708
    307
    German-speaking,
    bilingual, Polish -speaking
      13,154
    -
    9,966
    11,749
    7,875
    13,184
    18,572
    -
    20,195
      21 066
    862
    24 003
    22,664
    134
    27,019
    23,682
    568
    31,719

    politics

    District administrators

    • 1818–1825 00Johann Carl von Schulz
    • 1825-1853 00Ludwig Blindow
    • 1853–1896 Hermann Engler00
    • 1896–1920 00Friedrich Trüstedt

    elections

    In the German Reich, the districts of Berent and Prussian Stargard formed the Reichstag constituency of Danzig 5 within the boundaries of 1871 . This constituency was won by candidates from the Polish parliamentary group in all elections to the Reichstag between 1871 and 1912 .

    cities and communes

    In 1910 the Berent district comprised two towns and 76 rural communities:

    • Noble Schönfließ
    • Old Barkoshin
    • Old Bukowitz
    • Alt Grabau
    • Alt Kischau
    • Alt Paleschken
    • Old and new Englershütte
    • Barenhütte double room
    • Bar logging
    • Bebernitz
    • Beek
    • Berent , town
    • Blumfelde
    • Demlin
    • Dobrogosh
    • Decimians
    • Eichenberg
    • Ellerbruch double room
    • Fersenau
    • Fosshütte
    • Funkelkau
    • Gartschin
    • Gillnitz
    • Gladau
    • Golluhn
    • Burial hut
    • Grenzacker DZ
    • Groß Klinsch
    • Great Lipschin
    • Large pallubine
    • Grünthal
    • Grzibau
    • High line where
    • High Paleschken
    • Hornikau
    • Jarischau
    • Jaschhütte
    • Jeseritz
    • Jungfernberg
    • Juschken
    • Kalisch
    • Kamerau
    • Camera oven
    • Kartowen
    • Little Bendomin
    • Little Pallubine
    • Kleschkau
    • Konarshin
    • Royal Boschpol
    • Royal Schönfließ
    • Königsdorf
    • Grains
    • Koschmin
    • Lienfelde
    • Lindenberg
    • Line charts
    • Lippischau
    • Lippusch
    • Lorenz
    • Lubahn
    • Lubianas
    • New Barkoshin
    • New Bukowitz
    • New Ciß
    • New Fietz
    • New Grabau
    • Neuhöfel
    • New Kischau
    • New Klinsch
    • New Lipschin
    • New Paleschken
    • New Podleß
    • Neuwieck
    • Niedamowo
    • Niederhölle DZ
    • Oberhölle DZ
    • Upper Mahlkau
    • Ober Schridlau
    • Ochsenkopf double room
    • Olpuch
    • Piechowitz
    • Plachti
    • Plense
    • Plotzitz
    • Pogutken
    • Poldersee
    • Raduhn

    With DZ communities identified in 1920 came Danziger county level in the Mandate of Gdansk League of Nations. The municipalities marked with DZ came to the Free City of Danzig in 1920. All other municipalities fell to Poland in 1920. Numerous manor districts also belonged to the district . The community Schidlitz was incorporated into the city of Berent in 1901. 0

    The Berent district in occupied Poland 1939–1945

    Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

    history

    After the attack on Poland , the district was declared as Reich territory on November 26, 1939 , the Polish district Kościerzyna became part of the government district of Danzig in the newly formed Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (briefly referred to as Reichsgau West Prussia ) under its German name . The cities of Berent (West Pr.) And Schöneck (West Pr.) Were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the Altreich and provided for the implementation of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts.

    On December 1, 1939, 11 localities from the northern part of the Berent district were connected to the new Gdansk district . By ordinance of September 28, 1940, this area strip from the Berent district was reassigned to the Berent district with retroactive effect from December 1, 1939. Since May 21, 1941, the district was called Berent (West Pr.) . Towards the end of the Second World War , the district was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and again became part of Poland. Where German citizens had not fled, they were in the aftermath of the circle area sold .

    District administrators

    • 1939–1940: Günter Modrow
    • 1940–1941: Kurt Witte ( acting )
    • 1941–1944: Heinz Hesemann
    • 1944–1945: brother-in-law ( substitute )

    Place names

    By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names.

    By means of the order concerning the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, all place names were Germanized with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior. Either the name from 1918 was retained or - if "not German" enough - acoustically adjusted or translated, for example:

    • Berent : Berent (Western Pr.),
    • Gostomken: Fichtenau, Kr.Berent (West Pr.),
    • Groß Pallubin: Großpahlen,
    • Konarschin: Kunertsfeld,
    • Neupodleß: Neupoldersee,
    • Olpuch: Klettenhagen,
    • Schöneck: Schöneck (West Pr.),
    • Stawisken: Teichdorf, Kr.Berent (West Pr.),
    • Trzebuhn: Tremborn,
    • Wigonin: Angersdorf, Kr.Berent (West Pr.).

    literature

    Web links

    • District of Berent Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 62 ff . ( Digitized version ).
    2. ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 352 ( digitized version ).
    3. Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 93.
    4. Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / zhsf.gesis.org
    5. Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the Preußisch Stargard – Berent constituency
    6. Municipal directory 1910 with population figures