Löbau district (West Prussia)
The Löbau district was a Prussian district in the Marienwerder administrative district that existed from 1818 to 1920 . With this he belonged to the Province of West Prussia , in the meantime from 1829 to 1878 to the Province of Prussia . The seat of the district administration was in the city of Neumark . The district belonged to the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 . From 1939 to 1945 the district in the German-occupied Poland was re-established under the name Landkreis Löbau (since 1940 Landkreis Neumark , since 1942 Landkreis Neumark (Western Pr.) ). Today the former district area is in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
history
The area of the district of Löbau came to Prussia through the first division of Poland in 1772 and belonged to the district of Michelau until 1818 . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Marienwerder administrative district of the province of West Prussia . As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Marienwerder administrative district, the Michelau district was divided into the Löbau and Strasburg districts on April 1, 1818 . The Löbau district comprised the cities of Löbau, Kauernik and Neumark, the domain offices Brattian, Löbau and Lonkorrek as well as 65 noble estates.
From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .
After the First World War , the largely Polish-speaking district of Löbau had to be ceded to Poland on January 10, 1920 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty .
population
The following is an overview according to number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:
| year | 1821 | 1831 | 1852 | 1861 | 1871 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 |
| Residents | 23,876 | 27.093 | 37,382 | 43,015 | 50,674 | 52.051 | 54,847 | 59,037 |
|
Evangelical Catholics Jews |
2,598 20,837 440 |
3,254 23,225 609 |
5,481 30,953 938 |
7,973 34,146 894 |
9,875 39,656 1,102 |
9,195 42,097 747 |
8,898 45,244 675 |
9,932 48,256 443 |
|
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking |
3,868 - 23,225 |
5,582 - 31,800 |
8,956 - 34,059 |
10,731 722 40,588 |
10,421 482 43,916 |
12,119 653 46,258 |
politics
District administrators
- 1818–1826 Gervais († 1826)
- 1828–1849 Hans Friedrich Otto von Beneckendorff and von Hindenburg
- 1850-1851 Grambsch
- 1851–1857 August von Mitschke-Collande (1810–1877)
- 1858–1860 Friedrich Adolph Kunicke
- 1860–1867 Lambert Rospatt (1829–1902)
- 1867–1875 Adolph Friedrich Edwin von Posadowsky-Wehner
- 1875–1876 Keller ( provisional )
- 1876–1881 Richard Klapp (* 1841)
- 1881–1883 Eduard Johannes Louis von Haugsfeld
- 1883–1899 Eckart von Bonin (1854–1912)
- 1899–1915 Ernst Walter Scherz (1861–1916)
- 1915 judge ( substitute )
- 1915–1916 von Bülow ( representative )
- 1916–1919 Hans Lorenz von Versen (1881–1931)
Reichstag elections
In the German Reich the circle formed Löbau together with the district of Rosenberg the Reichstag constituency Kwidzyn 2 . The constituency was won by conservative candidates except for the elections of 1890 and 1893, in which the Polish candidate won.
cities and communes
In 1910 the Löbau district comprised the two cities of Löbau and Neumark as well as 97 rural communities:
- Noble Ivan
- Bischwalde
- Brattian
- Bratuszewo
- Chrosle
- Czichen
- German Brzozie
- Eichwalde
- Fittowo
- Gay
- Grabau
- Grischlin
- Grodziczno
- Grondy
- Gronowo
- Big Ballowken
- Great Ossowken
- Great Pacoltowo
- Guttowo
- Gwisdzyn
- Hartowitz
- Jamielnik
- Jeglia
- Kaczek
- Kamionks
- Kauernik
- Kazanitz
- Kielpin
- Small ballowken
- Klein Rehwalde
- Con
- Royal Borrek
- Kopaniarze
- Crottoshin
- Krzeminiewo
- Kulingen
- Lekarth
- Linnowitz
- Lipowitz
- Lippinken
- Löbau , city
- Londzek
- Londzyn
- Lonkorsz
- Lorken
- Lossen
- Ludwigsthal
- Marzencitz
- Montowo
- Mortung
- Mroczenko
- Mroczno
- Naguszewo
- Nawra
- Nelberg
- Neuhof
- Neumark i. Western pr.
- Nikolaiken
- Omulle
- Ossettno
- Ostaszewo
- Otremba
- Petersdorf
- Pomierken
- Pronikau
- Raczek
- Radomno
- Rakowitz
- Rohrfeld
- Rommen
- Rosenthal
- Ruda
- Rumian
- Rybno
- Rynnek
- Samplau
- Schwarzenau
- Skarlin
- Stephansdorf
- Sugainko
- Summin
- Swiniarc
- Targowisko
- Terreschewo
- Thomasdorf
- Tillitz
- Tillitzken
- Truszczyn
- Waldek
- Wardengowko
- Wawerwitz
- Werry
- Bliss
- Zajonskowo
- Zakurzewo
- Zaribinnek
- Target chew
- Zlottowo
- Zwinniarz
A large number of manor districts also belonged to the district.
Neumark district in occupied Poland 1939–1945
history
After the invasion of Poland and the annexation of the territory by the German Reich, the district was assigned to the district of Marienwerder in the newly formed Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia on November 26, 1939 as the district of Löbau . The cities of Löbau (Westpr.) And Neumark (Westpr.) Were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the Altreich and provided for the implementation of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts. On January 25, 1940, the district was renamed the Neumark district . Since June 25, 1942, the district was called Neumark (West Pr.) . After the occupation by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 , the district fell back to Poland. In the period that followed, the German population group, unless they had fled, was expelled from the district .
District administrators
- 1939–1940 Erwin Johst (1909–1956)
- 1940–1945 Kurt Stuertz (1892–1983)
Place names
By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names. Through the order regarding the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior, all place names were Germanized, either in the form of 1918 or as a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:
- Grodziczno: Grodden,
- Kielpin: Kölpen,
- Krottoschin: Kortensee, Kr. Neumark (West Pr.),
- Löbau: Löbau (West Pr.),
- Lonkorsz: Großlinker,
- Marzencitz: Marnau,
- Neumark: Neumark (West Pr.),
- Rosenthal: Rosental, Kr. Neumark (Westpr.),
- Rybno: Rübenau, Kr. Neumark (West Pr.).
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 50, point 4.
- E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the administrative district Marienwerder . Danzig 1868, pp. 86-97 .
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 608.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- Administrative history of the district of Löbau and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of October 26, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 42 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 355 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 108.
- ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the Löbau – Rosenberg constituency
- ↑ Municipal directory 1910 with population figures
- ↑ http://www.heimatkreis-neumark.de/drewenzbote109.html
Administrative districts: Gdansk | Marienwerder
Districts: Gdansk | Elbing | Graudenz | Thorn
Counties: Berent | Briesen | Gdansk | Danzig Heights | Danzig Lowlands | German crown | Dirschau | Elbing | Flatow | Graudenz | Karthaus | Konitz | Kulm | Löbau | Marienburg | Marienwerder | Neustadt i. Western pr. | Prussian Stargard | Cute | Rosenberg i. Western pr. | Schlochau | Schwetz | Strasburg i. Western pr. | Stuhm | Thorn | Tuchel