Deutsch Krone district

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Deutsch Krone district within the boundaries from 1772 to 1807
The Deutsch Krone district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1945
The province of West Prussia until 1920
  • Gdansk administrative district
  • Marienwerder administrative district
    • Map of the province of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia with district boundaries (1938)

    The district of Deutsch Krone , until 1939 Kreis Deutsch Krone , was a district that existed in Prussia between 1772 and 1945 . It belonged to the part of West Prussia that remained in the German Reich after the First World War and came to the border mark Posen-West Prussia and from 1938 to 1945 belonged to the province of Pomerania . Today the former district area lies in the Polish Voivodeships of West Pomerania and Greater Poland .

    Administrative history

    The Deutsch Krone district had been one of the four districts of the Netzedistrikt since 1772 , which had become part of Prussia after the first Polish partition in 1772 . Through the Peace of Tilsit in 1807, the southern part of the district with the towns of Filehne , Schönlanke and Schneidemühl fell to the Duchy of Warsaw .

    As part of the Prussian provincial authority ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions, the district became the new administrative district Marienwerder of the new province of West Prussia , while the southern part of the district, separated in 1806, became part of the new province of Posen . Several exclaves were mutually exchanged with the north-western neighboring district of Dramburg . After the final determination of the new district boundaries in the Marienwerder administrative district, the Deutsch Krone district comprised the five cities of Deutsch Krone , Jastrow , Märkisch Friedland , Schloppe , Tütz , the offices of Lebehnke and Schloppe and 65 noble estates since April 1, 1818 . The seat of the district office was the city of Deutsch Krone. Later, the notation "German sat K rone" by.

    From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .

    After a cholera epidemic broke out in 1831 , the disease reappeared in the district in 1848/49. On March 28, 1878, the rural communities of Alt Lobitz and Zadow and the Zadow estate were reclassified from the Dramburg district to the Deutsch Krone district.

    In contrast to most other West Prussian districts, the purely German-populated district remained in the German Reich after the First World War . On November 20, 1919, the district was subordinated to the new administrative district Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen with its seat in Schneidemühl . On January 11, 1921, the administrative district "Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen" was renamed "Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia". On July 1, 1922, the new province Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia was formed from the administrative district. The new administrative district of Schneidemühl was formed on August 1, 1922, congruent with the province .

    On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Deutsch Krone district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all but three manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1938, after the dissolution of the Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia province, the Deutsch Krone district was incorporated into the Pomerania province. The administrative district of Schneidemühl was given the name "Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia" for reasons of tradition. On January 1, 1939 received Circle German crown the name in accordance with the rich now unified control district .

    In the spring of 1945 the area of ​​the Deutsch Krone district was occupied by the Red Army . After the end of the war, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The immigration of Poles began in the Deutsch Krone district, mainly from the areas east of the Curzon line . In the following years the German population from the county sold .

    population

    The following is an overview according to number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:

    year 1821 1831 1852 1861 1871 1890 1900 1910 1925 1933 1939
    Residents 31,762 37,348 52,950 60,432 63,285 65,707 64.209 62.182 67.171 68,372 69,699
    Evangelical
    Catholics
    Jews     		18,312
    10,968
    2,482     		21,314
    13,911
    2,123     		31,549
    19,285
    2,116     		36,442
    21,768
    2,219     		37,893
    23,317
    2,031     		38,682
    25,567
    1,423     		36,994
    26,035
    1,128     		35,033
    26,311
    818     		39,806
    26,532
    692     		41,133
    26,455
    626     		42,555
    26,285
    197
    German-speaking,
    bilingual, Polish -speaking
    		   37,248
    -
    100     		52,950
    -
    -     		60,409
    -
    23     		  65,278
    76
    347     		63,813
    98
    291     		61.143
    179
    843

    politics

    District administrators

    Local constitution

    The district of Deutsch Krone was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - into independent manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

    elections

    In the German Empire, the Deutsch Krone district formed the Marienwerder 8 Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by national liberal or conservative candidates in all Reichstag elections :

    Districts, cities and municipalities

    Districts

    The rural parishes of the district were divided into 32 administrative districts in the 1930s. The cities of the district were free of office.

    • Briesenitz
    • Bread rolls
    • Dolfus Breach
    • Drahnow
    • Gross Wittenberg
    • Haugsdorf
    • Henkendorf
    • Hoffstadt
    • Small nakel
    • Kramske
    • Krumfließ
    • Lebehnke
    • Lüben
    • Marzdorf
    • Mellentin
    • New wood
    • Petznick
    • Plietnitz
    • Prussendorf
    • Rederitz
    • rose
    • Rosenfelde
    • Salm
    • Slap
    • Tütz Castle
    • Schrotz
    • Schulzendorf
    • Schonthal
    • Dice
    • Wissulke
    • Zippnow
    • Zützer

    cities and communes

    At the end of its existence in 1945, the district comprised five cities and 92 other municipalities:

    • Old Lobitz
    • Appelwerder
    • Arnsfelde
    • Betkenhammer
    • Bevilsthal
    • Birch wood
    • Borkendorf
    • Breitenstein
    • Briesenitz
    • Bread rolls
    • Brunk
    • Buchholz
    • Dam length
    • German crown , city
    • Doderlage
    • Dolfus Breach
    • Drahnow
    • Dyck
    • Eckartsberg
    • Eichfier
    • Flathe
    • Celebration
    • Gollin
    • Gramattenbrück
    • Gross Wittenberg
    • Great Zacharin
    • Hansfelde
    • Harmelsdorf
    • Hasenberg
    • Haugsdorf
    • Henkendorf
    • Hoffstadt
    • Hohenstein
    • Hunting lodge
    • Jagolitz
    • Jastrow , city
    • cap
    • Karlsruhe
    • calico
    • Kegelsmühl
    • Keßburg
    • Klausdorf
    • Klawittersdorf
    • Small nakel
    • Klein Wittenberg
    • Knakendorf
    • Koschütz
    • Kramske
    • Crooked flow
    • Royal grace
    • Lumpy
    • Lebehnke
    • Lubsdorf
    • Lüben
    • Machlin
    • Märkisch Friedland , city
    • Marthe
    • Marzdorf
    • Flour guest
    • Mellentin
    • New Lebehnke
    • New Zippnow
    • New wood
    • Neuhof
    • Petznick
    • Plietnitz
    • Sudden Minutes
    • Prellwitz
    • Prussendorf
    • Prochnow
    • Quiram
    • Rederitz
    • Squad
    • rose
    • Rosenfelde
    • Ruschendorf
    • Sagemuehl
    • Salm
    • Schloppe , city
    • Schrotz
    • Schulzendorf
    • Schönow
    • Seegenfelde
    • Springberg
    • Stabitz
    • Dice
    • Rays mountain
    • Stranz
    • Trebbin
    • Tütz , city
    • Wissulke
    • Wittkow
    • Wordel
    • Zadow
    • Zechendorf
    • Zippnow
    • Zützer

    The community-free estate districts of Forst Plietnitz, Rohrwiese and Forst Tütz also belonged to the district.

    Disbanded and renamed parishes

    • Ober and Unter Theerofen, to Betkenhammer on October 1, 1934
    • Schneidemühler Hammer, renamed Koschütz in 1932

    traffic

    The first rail connection in the district was established in 1879 on the Schneidemühl - Jastrow - Neustettin line of the Prussian Eastern Railway > 111.n <. Then the Prussian State Railroad reached the district town Deutsch Krone from Schneidemühl in 1881 and then in 1888 the Kallies junction in the Dramburg district > 115.a <.

    After the town of Märkisch Friedland in the west of the district was connected to the Kallies - Falkenburg route> 116.b <in 1900, the Tempelburg - Jastrow line followed in the north in 1908, which was extended to Flatow in 1914> 115.e + f² < . At the same time, the Deutsch Krone - Plietnitz - Flatow line also went into operation at> 115.f <.

    Before that, the Deutsch Krone district had built two small railways of its own, starting from the district town:

    • 1898 from Westbahnhof to Virchow in the Dramburg district> 115.n <and
    • 1904 from the Südbahnhof to Schloppe, where as early as 1899 the line continued to Kreuz> 115.m <. This created a rail network of 220 km in length, 63 km of which belonged to the district.

    (The numbers in> <refer to the German course book 1939).

    The former Reichsstrasse 1 (Aachen-Eydtkuhnen) runs through Deutsch Krone.

    literature

    Web links

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Friedrich Herzberg: Brief outline of the geography of the Royal Prussian States . Verlag der Buchhandlung der Königliche Realschule, Berlin 1790, p. 93 ( digitized version ).
    2. ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 353 ( digitized version ).
    3. ↑ Dr. Mecklenburg: What can the medical police do against cholera? Answered based on my own experience . Berlin 1854, chronicle online
    4. ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 104.
    5. ↑ The Big Brockhaus. 15th edition, sixteenth volume, Leipzig 1933, p. 745.
    6. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Deutsch Krone district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
    7. ↑ a b c d Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
    8. ^ Schulte-Heuthaus, Friedrich Wilhelm Gisbert -
    9. ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / zhsf.gesis.org
    10. ^ Pomerania information system: Deutsch Krone district