Jastrowie

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Jastrowie
Jastrowie Coat of Arms
Jastrowie (Poland)
Jastrowie
Jastrowie
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Greater Poland
Powiat : Złotów
Area : 72.27  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 25 ′  N , 16 ° 49 ′  E Coordinates: 53 ° 25 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 49 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 8597
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 64-915
Telephone code : (+48) 67
License plate : PZL
Economy and Transport
Street : Gorzów Wielkopolski - Elbląg
Rail route : Piła – Ustka railway line
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Surface: 353.00 km²
Residents: 11,473
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 33 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3031023
Administration (as of 2013)
Mayor : Piotr Wojtiuk
Address: ul. Żymierskiego 79
64-915 Jastrowie
Website : www.jastrowie.pl



Jastrowie ( German Jastrow ) is a city in the Polish Voivodeship of Greater Poland with about 8,400 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The city is located in the former West Prussia on the northern edge of the Krainaer Seenplatte on both sides of the Mühlenfließ, a tributary of the Gwda (Küddow) . Extensive forest areas and the Jastrower Mountains stretch to the east.

history

Jastrow in West Prussia , south of Neustettin in Hinterpommern and north of Schneidemühl , on a map from 1908
Former Protestant church (built in 1882)
St. Michaels Church (built 1913)

The Jastrow city coat of arms probably shows a bunch of grapes, but there is only vague information about viticulture on the southern slopes of the Jastrow mountains. Allegedly the vineyards were destroyed in the Polish-Swedish War in 1660. The remaining part of the mountains was mined from the municipal mineral raw material mine (probably from 1960).

A royal village called Jastrobe was first mentioned in a document from 1363. It belonged to the table goods of the Polish king and was subordinate to the Starostei Ush . The Starost Stanisław Górka converted the royal estate into a village under German law in 1560. In 1568 the Duke of Pomerania-Stettin , Barnim IX. , the owner of Jastrow, to cede the place to him. As a result, a new village was built in the immediate vicinity by the Poles, and the next few years were marked by mutual attacks. In the course of time, however, the Polish settlement went back to Jastrow.

The Protestantism was introduced in 1587 by crossing the Catholic priest, in 1600 the old church was demolished and replaced by a new building. However, the Protestants could only keep the former Catholic parish church until 1619, because that year the preacher Martin Goltbach converted to Catholicism, after which the church was returned to the Catholics. For the time being, the Evangelicals kept to the churches in the Pomeranian neighboring villages of Zamborst and Flederborn , but later - after 1773 - they got their own church with the support of the Prussian government. The religious war in Jastrow reached its climax in 1768 when soldiers of the Polish nobleman Roskowski killed the evangelical preacher Willich.

In 1602 Jastrow became a town under Magdeburg law , awarded by Peter Potulicki, Starost von Uść and heir to Flatow . The city privilege was granted in the following year by King Sigismund III. approved. The immigrant Scotsman Andreas Barry became the first mayor .

All wars of the 17th and 18th centuries affected Jastrow considerably. Additional damage was caused by large city fires. Jastrow was transferred to Prussia by Article V of the Warsaw Treaty of 1773 . It was administered by the Netzedistrikt , where it was one of the largest cities. The economic life was dominated by the cloth makers and shoemakers. After the Prussian administrative reform of 1815, Jastrow was incorporated into the Deutsch Krone district in the province of West Prussia . In 1849 Jastrow was also hit by the cholera epidemic that had been rampant in the district since 1848 . In 1879 it was connected to the Schneidemühl – Neustettin railway line, which was followed by the railway connection to Tempelburg in 1908.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Jastrow had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a preparatory institute , a district court, an electricity company and various commercial and industrial production facilities.

After the First World War, Germany had to because of the provisions of the Versailles Treaty, large parts of West Prussia for the purpose of setting up the Polish Corridor to Poland to cede, and thus came Jastrow with the circle German crown to the newly formed province of Posen-West Prussia . However, this was dissolved again in 1938 and added to the province of Pomerania .

During the Second World War , Jastrow was included in the “Pommerstellung” weir system. When the Soviet front approached the city in early 1945, the population was evacuated to the West Pomeranian city of Demmin . After heavy fighting, Jastrow was occupied by the Red Army on February 2, 1945 . In the summer of 1945, the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, along with all of Western Pomerania , all of West Prussia and the southern half of East Prussia . The place name Jastrowie was introduced for Jastrow . In the following time the residents of Jastrow were driven out .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year number Remarks
1783 2009 169 Jews and 99 Catholics
1802 2566
1804 2762 of which 421 Jews (no Catholics)
1810 2435
1816 2443 1,838 Protestants, 111 Catholics and 494 Jews
1821 2796
1831 2116 mostly Evangelicals, about 1/6 Jews
1839 3170 including 485 Jews and 240 Catholics
1854 3641
1875 4895
1880 5456
1890 5228 including 417 Catholics and 272 Jews
1900 5418 mostly evangelicals
1925 5540 mostly Protestant (820 Catholics, 150 Israelites)
1933 5904
1939 5895
since the end of the Second World War
year number
2010 8485

Gmina

The following localities belong to the urban and rural municipality of Jastrowie:

Polish name German name
Brzeźnica Briesenitz
Brzeźnica-Kolonia
Budy Hunting lodge
Budy Folwark
Drzewie Hohenholz
Jastrowie Jastrow
Nadarzyce Rederitz
Piaski-Leśniczówka Sand jar
Samborsko Zamborst
Sypnievko New Zippnow
Sypniewko-Folwark
Sypniewo Zippnow
Sypniewo-Kolonia
Trzebieszki Schonthal
Wądół Depth location

Personalities: sons and daughters of the place

traffic

Trunk road 22 leads through the village from Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landberg an der Warthe ) to Elbląg ( Elbing ), on which the next larger town Wałcz ( Deutsch Krone ) can be reached. There is also a train connection to Piła ( Schneidemühl ) to the south .

literature

Web links

Commons : Jastrowie  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ A b Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Second part, which contains the topography of West Prussia . Kantersche Hofdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 110–111, no. 3.
  3. ↑ a b Dr. Mecklenburg: What can the medical police do against cholera? Answered based on my own experience . Berlin 1854, pp. 24-25.
  4. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 10, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 204.
  5. ↑ a b c F. WF Schmitt : History of the Deutsch Croner circle . Thorn 1867, p. 204
  6. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 378–379, item 671.
  7. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 377, No. 5.
  8. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. deutschkrone.html # ew39dtkrijastrw. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, Volume 9, Leipzig 1931, p. 386