Network district

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The Netzedistrikt was an administrative unit of the Kingdom of Prussia and existed from 1772 to 1807. The area was traversed lengthwise by the Netze . In contrast to the other annexations of the Kingdom of Prussia during the first partition of Poland in 1772, the network area did not belong to the Teutonic Order from 1308 to 1466 , but consisted of parts of the Polish duchies of Greater Poland and Kujawy . Only a small part in the west had temporarily belonged to Neumark in Brandenburg . Nevertheless, it had a high German population.

Classification

The network district with its four circles

The borders were corrected by a Prussian-Polish commission in 1776 and finally established in 1777. The district was divided into the following four (noble) district districts:

  • Bromberg (Bydgoszcz) with the towns of Bromberg, Fordon , Schulitz, Polish Krone (Coronowo), Nakel, Keyn or Exin, Mrotzen, Barczyn, Labyczyn, Rinarzewo , Schubin, five royal domain offices (1806: Bromberg, Niedzewitz-Koronowo, Morozen, Nakel ) and 193 noble estates.
  • Inowraclaw (Inowrocław) with the cities of Inowraclaw, Kruschwitz, Gniewkowo, Znin, Mogilno, Willatowo, Strzelno, Kwieciszewo, Gonsawa, Gembice, Pakosch, seven royal domain offices (1806: Inowrazlaw, Kruschwitz, Gniewkogurs and, Strzello, Zninzello) 200 noble estates.
  • Kamin (Camina) with the towns of Kamin (Kamień Krajeński) , also Cammin , Wissek (Wissocka) , Wirsitz, Flatow, Zempelburg, Vandsburg, Lobsens (Lobzenica) , Krojanke (Krajenka) , Miastetzko (Miasteczko), Margonin , Samoszin (Szumacin) , Gollanz, four royal domain offices (1806: Kamin, Zelgniewo, Bialosliwe, Wirsitz) and 257 noble estates.
  • Deutsch Krone , originally Arnskrone (Wałcz) with the towns of Deutsch Krone, Schneidemühl (Piła) , Jastrow (Jastrowie) , Usch, Budzin, Chodzesen, Czarnikow, Schönlanke (Trschonska) , Radolin, Filehne (Vielun) , Schloppe (Sczloppa) , Tütz (Tuczno) , Märkisch Friedland, four royal domain offices (1806: Deutsch-Krone, Lebehake, Neuhof, Postollitz) and 196 noble estates.

history

The Netzedistrikt in the south of West Prussia on a map with the national borders from 1772
After the Peace of Tilsit in 1807 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815

The smaller part of the Netzedistrikt between the rivers Netze , Küddow and Drage belonged to Neumark in the 14th and 15th centuries . There are u. a. the cities of Tietz (Tuczno), Deutsch Krone, Friedland, Filehne, Schloppe and Zempelburg. The area annexed by Prussia in accordance with the Treaty of Warsaw in 1773, with a predominantly German-speaking population, had been under Polish sovereignty since 1466 .

In 1776 the two noble estates Petzenick and Prochno from New Mark were still in the middle of the district of Deutsch Krone. Another part of the Netzedistrikt between Pommerellen , Küddow and Netze as far as Nakel and from there to the Wisła (Wisła) belonged to Pommerellen in the 13th century.

The Netzedistrikt was initially treated as an independent Prussian administrative unit, but was then converted to West Prussia in 1775 and thus incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia. The nobility of the networks district has 1786 along with the West Prussian nobility in Konigsberg , the homage to King Frederick William II. Made.

Due to the Elbingen Convention , which followed the Peace of Tilsit , Prussia had to surrender almost the entire network district to the newly formed Duchy of Warsaw , but received the area back at the Vienna Congress through the treaty concluded with Russia on May 3, 1815 in Vienna . The larger part was assigned to the province of Posen as the administrative district of Bromberg in 1815 , the smaller part in the province of West Prussia remaining with Prussia in 1807 to the administrative district of Marienwerder . The first-named area was called the Netze District as an electoral district for the Prussian mansion until 1918 .

After the First World War , the Second Polish Republic annexed most of the territory of the former network district with a predominantly German-speaking population based on the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . This is how the Polish corridor was created . In the border region of Posen-West Prussia , only the Netzekreis , the Flatow , Deutsch Krone and the Schneidemühl district, created on April 1, 1914, remained.

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years. Part II, Volume 2: History of Territory Division. Günther Verlag, Leipzig 1861 pp. 344–346 ( online ).
  • Rudolf Bonin: On the history of the archbishopric Gnesen manor of Kamin (Wpr.) And the surrounding area. With four supplements from the years 1236–1284. A contribution to the history of the founding of this manorial rule located on both sides of the Kamionka and its suffering as a borderland between Greater Poland and Pomerania, then between Poland and the Teutonic Order. In: Journal of the historical association for the administrative district Marienwerder , issue 41, Marienwerder 1902, pp. 1–19.
  • Ludwig Giesebrecht : The land defense of the Pomerania and Poland at the beginning of the twelfth century. In: Baltic Studies. Volume 11, Stettin 1845, pp. 146-190.
  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Volume 2: Topography of West Prussia. Marienwerder 1789 (reprint: Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1991), pp. 78–120.
  • August Karl von Holsche : The network district, a contribution to the country and ethnology with statistical news . Königsberg 1793 ( online ).
  • Gustav Philipp Körner: The network district - pictures from the past and present . Bromberg 1868 ( online ).
  • Johann Ludwig Quandt : The land on the Net and the Neumark, as they were owned and lost by Pomerania. In: Baltic Studies , Volume 15, Stettin 1853, pp. 165–204.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : Topography of the districts of West Prussia belonging to the former network district . In: Preußische Provinzial-Blätter , other series , Volume VI, Königsberg 1854, pp. 257–289 and pp. 432–461 , Volume VII, Königsberg 1855, pp. 42–46 and pp. 105–118.

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