Kamień Krajeński
| Kamień Krajeński | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Kuyavian Pomeranian | ||
| Powiat : | Sępoleński | ||
| Gmina : | Kamień Krajeński | ||
| Area : | 3.65 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 32 ' N , 17 ° 32' E | ||
| Residents : | 2401 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 89-430 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 52 | ||
| License plate : | CSE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK25 Bobolice - Bydgoszcz | ||
| Next international airport : | Bydgoszcz | ||
Kamień Krajeński ( German chimney in West Prussia ) is a town in the Powiat Sępoleński of the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the city-and-country municipality of the same name with a little over 7,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The city is located in the south of the former West Prussia , about 18 kilometers south of Chojnice (Konitz) and 55 kilometers northwest of Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) . In the northeast the city is bordered by the Mochelsee . There is a smaller lake to the south.
history
The first written mention of the place comes from the year 1107. From the 13th century the place and the surrounding area belonged to the Archdiocese of Gniezno . On June 11, 1359, the village previously called Wawrzyszkowo ( Wawrzyszkowice ) was granted city rights under Magdeburg law on the initiative of Archbishop Jarosław Bogoria . Casimir the Great confirmed the right on June 25, 1360. In the document the place is called Kamień .
The village had an area of 10 Hufen , about 168 hectares . In 1597 41 Hufen belonged to the village, four of which belonged to the pastor. After the elevation to the city, a castle complex with defensive towers was built, which lasted until 1721.
In the course of the first partition of Poland in 1772, Kamin became part of the Prussian Netzedistrikt in the Kingdom of Prussia . In the 19th century and in the first quarter of the 20th century, Kamin belonged to the Flatow district of the West Prussian province .
After the First World War , due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the city had to be ceded to Poland for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor . In 1934, the Polish state government unilaterally terminated the minority protection treaty concluded in Versailles on June 28, 1919 between the Allied and Associated Main Powers and Poland .
During the attack on Poland in September 1939, the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht using artillery and aircraft and came under the German Empire in violation of international law . Until 1945 the city belonged to the Strasburg district in West Prussia in the Marienwerder administrative district in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia of the German Empire .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 .
Population development
- until 1945
| year | number | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1783 | 521 | mostly Catholics |
| 1802 | 738 | |
| 1805 | 743 | thereof 580 Christians and 163 Jews |
| 1810 | 707 | |
| 1816 | 710 | 119 Protestants, 477 Catholics and 114 Jews |
| 1821 | 768 | |
| 1831 | 756 | mostly Catholics, 25% Jews |
| 1853 | 1,048 | 190 Protestants, 705 Catholics and 153 Jews |
| 1900 | 1,519 | |
| 1910 | 1,547 | thereof 1,312 Germans |
| 1921 | 1,501 | |
| 1943 | 1,622 |
- since 1945
| year | number | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 2,361 | As of June 30, 2012 |
Surname
The name of the place was originally Wawrzyszkowo or Wawrzyszkowice. In 1360 the place was named Kamień in the deed of Casimir the Great . In 1370 the spelling was Kamyn , 1374 and 1384 Camen . Documents from 1381 to 1385 and from 1596 name the place alternately as Camień, Camina and Camyn. During the division of Poland, Cammin and Kamin were the names used. After the re-establishment of independent Poland the place was called Kamień Pomorski and after the end of the Second World War it was called Kamień Krajeński .
Culture and sights
- The Church of Saints Peter and Paul
- The old city wall, built after 1395. From 1997 to 1998 the city wall was restored.
local community
The town and 13 villages with school administration offices belong to the town and country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) with an area of 163.2 km².
traffic
The state road 25 ( droga krajowa 25 ) runs through Kamień Krajeński from northwest to southeast .
The city had a train station on the Oleśnica – Chojnice railway line .
The nearest international airport is Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport, 60 kilometers southeast of Bydgoszcz .
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Second part, which contains the topography of West Prussia . Kantersche Hofdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 97–98, no. 1.).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 383, no.15.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : Topography of the Flatower circle . In: Prussische Provinzialblätter , Other Series, Vol. VII, Königsberg 1855, p. 45.
- Ernst Bahr: Chimney in West Prussia . In: Handbook of historical places: East and West Prussia . Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 96.
Web links
- City website (Polish)
- Old German map (after 1939)
Footnotes
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, pp. 97–98.
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 306–307, item 296.
- ^ A b Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : Topography of the Flatower circle . In: Prussian Provincial Papers , Other Series, Vol. VII, Königsberg 1855, p. 116.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 383, no.15.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : Topography of the Flatower circle . In: Prussische Provinzialblätter , Other Series, Vol. VII, Königsberg 1855, p. 45.
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 10, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 514.
- ↑ a b c Handbook of Historic Places: East and West Prussia . Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 96.
- ↑ http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_30062012.pdf
- ^ Website of the City of Kamień Krajeński, Historia Miasta , Sept. 2, 2008