Kosch tailoring

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Koschneiderei (Polish: Kosznajderia ) is the slang term for an area southeast of the Polish city of Chojnice , which was largely inhabited by a German-speaking population until the end of the Second World War .

history

From the beginning of the 14th century, German settlers were brought to this area by the Teutonic Knight Order as part of the so-called German East Settlement . The villages of Frankenhagen, Osterwick, Petztin, Deutsch Cekzin , Granau, Lichnau and Schlagenthin emerged. When the area west of the Vistula fell to the Kingdom of Poland in the Peace of Thorner of 1466 , the German-speaking inhabitants of these villages became Polish subjects, but were subject to a special law. In the second half of the 15th century, the Konitz councilor and later mayor Jacob von Osnabrück settled numerous new settlers from his homeland, the Principality of Osnabrück , in the area. The inhabitants of the new villages (Gersdorf, Harmsdorf, Jakobsdorf, Sternberg, Damerau, Groß Zirkwitz, Obkas, Mosnitz, Hennigsdorf and Döringsdorf) were also referred to as Koschneider .

Joseph Rink: The Koschneiderei 1926

From 1772 to 1918 the area belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia and from 1918 to 1920 to the Free State of Prussia . From 1818 to 1920, the Koshnavia was part of the county Konitz in marienwerder in the Prussian province of West Prussia .

After the Versailles Treaty came into force on January 10, 1920, the Konitz district belonged to the Republic of Poland as Powiat Chojnicki (Chojnice district) as part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . After the German occupation of Poland, the circle was Chojnice than at 26 November 1939 the district Konitz part of the administrative district of Gdansk in the newly formed Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia of the German Reich . In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and then became part of the Republic of Poland again . Today the Konitz district is part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship of the Republic of Poland .

language

The language of the Koschneider was Low German , their dialect belonged to the southern Pomeranian. It was relatively similar within the entire area and beyond, but the villages showed some differences. Onomatopoeia and pictorial expressions testify to real Low German linguistic material, which was shown in many proverbs, idioms, songs, fairy tales and legends.

Villages

The following villages belonged to the koschneiderei (German names; today's Polish names in brackets):

  • Abrau (Obrowo)
  • Annafeld (Nowa Wieś)
  • Blumfelde (Niwy)
  • Damerau (Dąbrówka)
  • German Cekzin (Ciechocin)
  • Döringsdorf (Doręgowice)
  • Frankenhagen (Silno)
  • Gersdorf (Ogorzeliny)
  • Granau (Granowo)
  • Groß Zirkwitz (Duża Cerkwica)
  • Harmsdorf (Jerzmionki)
  • Henningsdorf (Angowice)
  • Jakobsdorf (Zamarte)
  • Lichnau (Lichnowy)
  • Mosnitz (Moszczenica)
  • Obkas (obkas)
  • Osterwick (Ostrowite)
  • Petztin (Piastoszyn)
  • Schlagenthin (Sławęcin)

Churches

In the Koschneiderei there were five parish churches - Damerau, Frankenhagen, Gersdorf, Lichnau, Osterwick and five branch churches - Deutsch Cekzin , Schlagenthin, Obkaß, Groß Zirkwitz and Mosnitz.

etymology

Until today the origin and meaning of the term "Koschneider / Koschneiderei" could not be clarified; there are different interpretations of this name. “Head cutter” or “cow cutter” are examples of such interpretations.

The name itself appears for the first time in 1830, but refers to the period up to 1484. It is the name "Koschnäwen" and "Koschnäwjen"; Koschnäwen for the population, Koschnäwjen for the country. There is still no scientific proof of the origin of this name. One of Paul Panske's explanations states that, according to a document from 1484, the Polish Starost Koschnewski from Tuchel was responsible for the kosch tailoring. After him, the population for which he was responsible was referred to as the "Kosznewski people", from which the name "Koschnäwjer" arose. When this Low German expression was later translated into High German, it appeared for the first time as Koschneider or Koschneiderei in 1854.

Further etymological approaches:

The term is based on the Polish word "kosa" = scythe and "żniwiarz" = reaper, harvest worker, because their Polish neighbors saw that the Germans were real farmers and had "dug" in the ground all the time.

The term Koschneiderei comes from the German word “kouzen”, which means “paplac” = “babble” (etc) in Polish. The Low German population of the "Koschneiderei" had a dialect that was very different from that of their Middle or High German neighbors.

Personalities

  • Augustinus Rosentreter (born January 13, 1844 in Abrau, † October 4, 1926 in Pelplin) - Bishop of Kulm
  • Joseph Rink (born January 18, 1878 in Mosnitz; † July 30, 1945 in Küstrin) - Roman Catholic historian, teacher and professor, licentiate, theologian and author
  • Paul Panske (born June 28, 1863 in Granau, † February 10, 1936 in Pelplin) - canon and canon of Pelplin, author of numerous treatises on crockery
  • Johann Schweminski (* 1812 in Lichnau; † 1874 in Posen) - senior teacher, author and scientist

Web links

literature

  • Paul Panske : Handfests of the Commandery Schlochau. In addition to some related documents (sources and representations on the history of West Prussia; vol. 10). Kafemann Verlag, Danzig 1921.
  • Paul Panske: Personal identification for the Koschnaewjerdörfer from 1651–1702 (series of publications on German kin research in Poland / NF; issue 3). Historical Society, Poznan 1938.
  • Paul Panske: On the family history of the so-called Koschneiderei. 1. The Schulzen and Lehnmann family Stolpman (Stoltmann) in German-Zekzin . In: Mitteilungen des Coppernicus-Verein für Wissenschaft und Kunst zu Thorn , Issue 18 (1910), pp. 43–57; Issue 19 (1911), pp. 64-75.
  • Joseph Rink: Koschneider sons (Koschneider library; Vol. 3). Boenig Publishing House, Danzig 1924.
  • Joseph Rink: The soul of the Koschneider (Koschneider library; Vol. 12). West Prussia Publishing House, Danzig 1932.
  • Joseph Rink: Those who fell from the Koschneider villages in the World War 1914–1918 (Koschneider library; Vol. 13). Formell-Verlag, Danzig 1940.
  • Maria Semrau: The dialect of Koschneiderei . In: Zeitschrift für Deutsche Mundarten , vol. 10 (1915), issue 2, ISSN  0932-1314 (also dissertation, University of Breslau 1915).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c http://www.glischinski.de/roots/Koschneiderei.html
  2. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.muenster.de
  3. ↑ Paul Panske : attempted interpretation of the name of the Koschnewjer, Mitteilungen des Coppernicus-Verein, 26, W. Lanbeck, Thorn 1918
  4. ↑ http://www.schweminski.de/Hamburg.htm