Nakło nad Notecią
| Nakło nad Notecią | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Kuyavian Pomeranian | ||
| Powiat : | Nakielski | ||
| Gmina : | Nakło nad Notecią | ||
| Area : | 10.65 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 8 ' N , 17 ° 36' E | ||
| Height : | 96 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 18,718 (Dec 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 89-100 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 52 | ||
| License plate : | CNA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Bydgoszcz - Piła | ||
| Rail route : | Bydgoszcz – Piła | ||
| Next international airport : | Bydgoszcz | ||
Nakło nad Notecią [ ˈnakwɔ nad nɔˈtɛtɕɔ̃ ] ( German Nakel ) is a town in the powiat Nakielski in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the Powiat and the town-and-country municipality of the same name with a little more than 32,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The city is located on the Netze , about 30 kilometers west of Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) .
history
The Nakel district, which used to include the Flatow district , originally belonged to Pomerania . The city's origins go back to about the middle of the 10th century, when a Pomoran settlement was established here on a narrow point of the Netzbruch . They maintained a frontier fortress here on what was then the border with Poland, which was besieged by the Polish duke several times in the 11th century. The fortress served them as a gathering place when they made forays into Polish areas.
Between 1109 and 1113 the district was up to the Flatow district by the Polish Duke Bolesław III. Conquered the wrymouth who incorporated him into Greater Poland . In 1220 the Pomeranian took possession of the district again, but soon after it was lost again to Poland. In 1299, the Polish King Władysław I. Ellenlang raised the town of Nakel to the status of a city under Magdeburg law . King Sigismund I issued a new privilege in 1520, thereby confirming their rights after all of the town's documents were lost due to fire around 1515. As a royal city, Nakel was directly subordinate to the king, whose representative was the Starost . There was a royal customs post and a court of second instance (court of appeal or Grodgericht ), held by the Starosten. The magistrate had 2 mayors (“President” and “Vice President”), 3 councilors (“Senators”), 1 judge, 3 judges and 1 town clerk. Mayors and judges were appointed by the Starost at the suggestion of the city council. The court had life and death rights without the need for confirmation from the starost. The court of appeal was the Assessorial Court in Warsaw. Around 1600 the walled city of Nakło was the seat of one of the six powiate of the (then) Kalisz Voivodeship (next to Gnesen , Kalisz , Kcynia , Konin and Pyzdry ).
During the first partition of Poland in 1772, the city fell to Prussia . In 1773 the Prussian travel commissioner recorded the administrative conditions of the Polish period: In addition to the royal city of Nakel, the Starostei (i.e. the powiat) Nakel also included eight other small towns: Mrocza / Mrotschen, Łobżenica / Lobsens, Kamień / Kamin, Złotów / Flatow, Krajenka / Krojanke, Miasteczko (renamed Friedheim 100 years later), Wysoka / Wissek and Wyrzysk / Wirsitz. Magdeburg law applied, the council language in the powiat Nakel was mostly Polish, only in Lobsens, Krojanke and Wirsitz German.
The Bydgoszcz Canal ( Kanał Bydgoski in Polish ), which was completed in 1774 under Frederick the Great and connected the Vistula with the Netze , Warthe and Oder and thus linked the most important waterways in the provinces of Pomerania and Poznan, was of great importance for the development of the city . Nakel had a Catholic church, an Evangelical church and a synagogue .
During the Napoleonic period, Nakel first came to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 , but was annexed to Prussia again by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as part of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Poznan . There the city belonged to the district Wirsitz in the administrative district of Bromberg .
In the course of the industrialization of the 19th century, the connection of the city to the railway network in 1851 led to a further boom. Similar to the Bromberger Canal, the Prussian Eastern Railway , which runs through Nakel, had a major influence on the development of the city. Located between the railway junction of Schneidemühl and Bromberg , a large train station facility with extensive railway-related facilities was built in Nakel. Other industries settled in the area, including a sugar factory and a slaughterhouse. At the beginning of the 20th century Nakel had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a district court, high school, heavy industry, various other production facilities including a cheese factory and a brewery.
After the First World War , the city came to the newly established Poland , but not yet through the Poznan Uprising (1918-1919) , but only on January 1, 1920 due to the provisions of the Peace Treaty of Versailles . The importance of the traffic routes running in the east-west direction declined because they had become transit routes for long-distance traffic. Like all parts of the former Posen Province that had become Polish again, Nakło remained with the Poznan Voivodeship until 1938 , when it was assigned to the expanded Greater Pomeranian Voivodeship .
After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the city belonged to the German Reich in violation of international law until 1945 . During this Nazi dictatorship there were numerous executions in the area. City residents were deported to concentration camps or for forced labor . The city was occupied by the Red Army in January 1945 and became part of Poland again.
From 1945 to 1950 Nakło belonged to the Pomeranian Voivodeship (as Großpommerellen was called from 1945 after the coastal area was spun off to the Gdansk Voivodeship), then until 1975 to the old Bydgoszcz Voivodeship .
Nakło / Nakel is now a post-industrial small town on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of the city of Bromberg.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1772 | 566 | |
| 1783 | 683 | excluding garrison members, including 236 Evangelicals and the remaining Catholics or Jews |
| 1788 | 768 | in 194 residential buildings |
| 1802 | 1,453 | |
| 1816 | 1,514 | including 685 Catholics, 463 Evangelicals and 366 Jews |
| 1821 | 1,765 | |
| 1826 | 2,050 | including almost 400 Jews |
| 1837 | 2,320 | including military personnel, including 787 Jews |
| 1843 | 2,740 | |
| 1858 | 4,300 | |
| 1861 | 4,487 | including 182 military personnel |
| 1867 | 5,337 | |
| 1870 | 5,454 | without military personnel |
| 1875 | 5,651 | |
| 1880 | 6,035 | |
| 1885 | 6,430 | |
| 1890 | 6,766 | of which 3,435 Protestants, 2,735 Catholics and 581 Jews (1,200 Poles ) |
| 1895 | 7,401 | |
| 1900 | 7,780 | |
| 1905 | 8,176 | including 3,788 Catholics and 342 Jews |
| 1909 | 8,627 | |
| 2007 | 19,393 |
Religious life until 1910
Christianization began with the conquest of Poland in 1109. A church was probably built soon after the city was founded in 1299. An old wooden Catholic church was replaced by a brick building in 1847. The St. Laurentius Church belonged to the deanery Nakel in the Archdiocese of Gniezno.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Protestant Scots lived in Nakel, who were expelled because of their beliefs. It was only shortly before the first partition of Poland in 1767 that the Protestants in Poland were again guaranteed religious freedom. On the Polichno estate near Nakel, an evangelical prayer house was built in 1775, in which church services were held four times a year by external clergymen. In 1799 a Protestant congregation was founded in Nakel. It was not until 1824 that a Protestant church was inaugurated on the market square, and in 1887 another, larger church for the growing parish. The old church in Polichno and a new church in Erlau bei Nakel were subsidiary churches of the parish Nakel in the diocese of Lobsens in the old Prussian church province of Posen (until 1920), after which the diocese became part of the Uniate Evangelical Church in Poland .
Since 1852 there was also an old Lutheran church in Nakel, initially as a branch congregation of Bromberg, since 1895 as an independent congregation in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Prussia and after 1920 in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in western Poland .
As early as 1515, in the year of the city fire, there were 21 Jewish houses and a synagogue in Nakel. A new synagogue was built in 1853 after the old one was destroyed by fire in 1852.
traffic
Nakel has a train station on the Kutno – Piła railway line and the Oleśnica – Chojnice railway line, which is only used here for freight . The narrow-gauge railway Nakło nad Notecią – Kasprowo of the former Bydgoszcz and Wirsitzer Kreisbahn used to start here .
local community
The city-and-rural community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Nakło nad Notecią includes the city and 20 villages with school boards.
Partner communities
- Naklo , Slovenia
- Náklo , Czech Republic
- Elsterwerda , Germany
Personalities
- Hermann Baerwald (1828–1907), educator and author, from 1868 to 1899 director of the philanthropist in Frankfurt am Main.
- Robert von Goetze (1829–1904), Prussian general
- Hermann von Strantz (1853–1936), General
- Abraham Buschke (1868–1943), dermatologist
- Ignaz Jastrow (1856–1937), historian and social politician
- Ernst Heidrich (1880–1914), art historian
- Fred Endrikat (1890–1942), writer and cabaret artist
- Ulrich Graf (1912–2006), politician (FDP)
- Rafał Blechacz (* 1985), pianist, Warsaw Chopin Prize winner 2005.
mayor
- Johann Gottlieb Baecker (1817–1836)
- Berthold Kaulfuss (1836-1856)
literature
- R. Heidrich: The city of Nakel and its history . Nakeler Zeitung, Nakel 1910 ( e-copy ).
- Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 381-384.
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Second part, which contains the topography of West Prussia . Kantersche Hofdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 85–86, no. 5.).
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ a b A. CA Friederich: Historical-Geographical Representation of Old and New Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 90-91.
- ^ Ludwig Albrecht Gebhardi : History of the Wendish-Slavic States . Volume 2, Hall 1793, p. 40 .
- ^ Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874 - 1945
- ^ A b Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III . Volume 2, Part 1, Berlin 1828, pp. 121-122.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 14, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 400.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Second part, which contains the topography of West Prussia . Kantersche Hofdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 85–86, no. 5.).
- ^ A b c d e Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country of Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, p. 384.
- ↑ a b c Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 338–339, item 465.
- ↑ The Orient. Reports, Studies, and Reviews for Jewish History and Literature . Quarterly magazine, 1st quarter. Leipzig 1840, p. 69.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. pos_wirsitz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).