Pomorans
The Pomorans , first mentioned at the end of the 10th century, were a West Slavic tribe that settled on the Baltic Sea coast in what was later to be the Western Pomerania in the north of today's Poland .
Settlement area
In the 10th century, the area of the Pomorani stretched along the Baltic coast between the Oder in the west, the Vistula in the east and the Netze in the south.
Surname
The name is probably derived from the Slavic po more = by the sea .
7th - 10th century
From around the beginning of the 7th century, West Slavic tribes migrated along the Vistula and Oder to the southern Baltic coast. In this area there were important settlements of Vikings and Danes such as the large trading center Jomsburg at the mouth of the Oder and the area of Gdansk at the mouth of the Vistula. as well as possibly settlement areas of a Baltic population between Persante and Vistula.
Names of early Slavic tribes could not yet be assigned to this area.
The Primary Chronicle writes without specifying a date, that the Pomeranians from the trunk of the Poles would have formed, as well as Polans , Masovians and Lusitzer . These were probably the names for the duchies of Pomerania , Mazovia and Lusatia .
10th - 11th century
From around 991 the area between the mouth of the Oder and Vistula was conquered by the Piast ruler Mieszko I.
The name Pomorie is mentioned for the first time in 997 , for a "Dux Pomorie" Duke of Pomorie . In the year 1000 a diocese was founded in Kolberg . Reinbern became the first bishop .
In 1005 the area escaped the control of the Polish Duke Bolesław Chrobry and Bishop Reinbern left Kolberg.
In 1046 a Zemuzil Bomerianorum is mentioned as the first ruler known by name.
12th Century
Around 1123/24, the Pomoran prince Wartislaw I - who was again subordinate to Poland in 1122 - also subjugated areas west of the Oder on originally Liutician territory .
The Pomorans were Christianized on the prince's efforts by the later canonized bishop Otto von Bamberg in two mission trips, 1124 (east of the Oder) and 1128 (west of the Oder) . In 1140 the bishopric of Wollin , which was directly subordinate to the Pope , was confirmed by Innocent II . Around 1176 it was moved to Kammin during the Pomeranian-Danish Wars and was henceforth called the Diocese of Cammin.
From 1164, the western Pomoran princes took their land from the Saxon Duke Heinrich the Lion from the House of Griffins , and the later Duchy of Pomerania came under German influence. The eastern part of the Pomoran settlement area facing the Vistula came under Polish sovereignty. Conditional u. a. Due to the depopulation of entire areas as a result of the wars of the 12th century (Inner East Sea Slavic Wars, Wenden Crusade , Danish invasions), the Pomeranian dukes promoted German settlement in the east and joined the Holy Roman Empire in 1181 .
The established Pomorans and the Slavs west of the Oder, who were subjugated at the beginning of the 12th century, were largely integrated into the new social order dominated by German settlers in the centuries that followed.
The descendants of the old Pomorans, the Kashubes , still live in the eastern part of the settlement area around Gdansk and Gdynia and have been able to preserve their linguistic and cultural peculiarities.
Footnotes
- ↑ Johannes Hinz : Pomerania. Dictionary. Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-185-6 , p. 242.
- ^ Roderich Schmidt : The historical Pomerania. People - places - events. Böhlau, Cologne Weimar Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-41220436-5 , p. 71.
- ^ Roderich Schmidt : The historical Pomerania. People - places - events. Böhlau, Cologne Weimar Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-41220436-5 , pp. 101-102 ( Google books ).
- ^ Chronicle of Thietmar von Merseburg
- ^ Roderich Schmidt : The historical Pomerania. People - places - events. Böhlau, Cologne Weimar Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-41220436-5 , p. 108 ( Google books ).