Jomsburg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Jomsburg was an old fortress of the Jomswikinger in the area of ​​the estuary of the Oder , which was destroyed in the 12th century. Its location is unknown and its location is controversial.

History and special features

The Jomsburg was apparently founded in the years between 940 and 970 by the Danish Viking chief and influential follower of King Harald Blue Tooth , Palnatoki von Fyn , either on the Baltic island of Wollin or at the mouth of the Peene on the island of Usedom or on the mainland (Spandowerhagener Wiek). This coastal castle was built according to Nordic sources in the Gau Jom , which the then Polish ruler, Duke Mieszko I , handed over to Palnatoki and his Vikings for settlement after the subjugation of the Pomorans . Palnatoki's men now called themselves Yomswikings . The festival initially served both to protect the maritime border of the Polish duchy in the Pomeranian Bay and to secure the rich Slavic trading and port town of Jumne , the Vineta of legend, on the Oderhaff . It is said that 300 Viking longships found space in the port of Jomsburg . The castle resembled Haithabu . According to the latest research, the Jomsburg and its large port at what is today the Western Pomerania coastal town of Spandowerhagen , which today belongs to the municipality of Kröslin , may have existed on the Spandowerhagener Wiek . According to the size and depth of the Wiek, which is the left bulge of the Peene at its confluence with the Greifswalder Bodden , a large number of Viking ships could find berths today as they did then. Similar to Haithabu, the Jomsburg is said to have been protected by a large earth wall that comprised several longhouses .

About the Yom Vikings , who are said to have lived on this fortress in a male union community, tell u. a. the "Jómsvíkinga saga", the "Knytlinga saga" and the "Heimskringla". Accordingly, the Jomswikings fought against Håkon Jarl in the battle of Hjørungavåg around 995 with particularly heroic contempt for death.

After an article by Rudolf Virchow in the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie from 1872, the thesis was initially increasingly pursued that Jomsburg was identical to the legendary city of Vineta in the time of Harald Blauzahn and Sven Gabelbart . Around 970, the envoy of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Ibrahim ibn Jaqub , reported that Pomerania had a large port city "with twelve gates", whose armed forces were "superior to all peoples of the north". Adam von Bremen describes it in the 11th century as one of the largest and richest cities in Europe, he named the city Jumne. It is "the largest city that Europe hides", it offers "a much-visited meeting place for barbarians and Greeks in a wide area".

A Viking treasure was discovered in a medieval crypt near Wolin in 1841 during excavations . The discovery of Harald Blauzahn's gold disc was particularly sensational .

In 1975 the Free Boy Scout Association Jomsburg was founded, which also attaches great importance to the characteristics and the religious laws of the Joms Vikings. The scouts built a castle in a few years, which is still in Danish-Nienhof near Kiel and is used for annual camps.

literature

  • Lutz Mohr , Harald Krause: The Jomsburg in Pomerania. History and technology of a lost Viking sea festival . 2nd ext. Edition. Wessels Puppet Media, Essen 2002.
  • Georg Domizlaff : The Jomsburg. Investigations into the Jomswikinger Seeburg . Curt Kabitzsch, Leipzig 1929.
  • Władysław Filipowiak and Heinz Gundlach : Wolin-Vineta. The real legend of the city's fall and rise . With photos by Wolfhard Eschenburg. 1st edition. Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1992, ISBN 3-356-00447-6
  • Lutz Mohr: The Jomswikinger and their Jomsburg in Gau Jom. The military and maritime pillars of power in Denmark and centers of aggression in early medieval Pomerania . In: Kathrin Orth, Eberhard Kliem (Hrsg.): Yearbook 2012 of the German Society for Shipping and Marine History e. V. , 15th year Isensee-Verlag Oldenburg, Schleswig 2012, pp. 73–89.
  • Lutz Mohr: Dragon ships in the Pomeranian Bay. The Jomswikinger, their Jomsburg and the Gau Jom . Edition rostock maritim. Edited by Robert Rosentreter . Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2013, ISBN 978-3-86436-069-5
  • Otto Kunkel , Karl August Wilde: Jumne, Vineta, Jomsburg, Julin, Wollin. 5 years of excavations on the ground of the large settlement from the Viking Age on the Dievenowstrom 1934–1939 . Szczecin 1941.
  • Jomsburg . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 10, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p.  299 .
  • Vedel Simonsen: Historical study on Jomsburg in the Wendenlande . From the Danish by Ludwig Giesebrecht . Morin, Szczecin 1827
  • Jomsburg . In: John Rosén, Theodor Westrin (ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 1st edition. tape 7 : Hufvudskål – Kaffraria . Gernandts boktryckeri, Stockholm 1894, Sp. 1292 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Schuchardt : To Vineta question. In: Praehistorische Zeitschrift 23 (1932), pp. 145–151.
  2. ↑ zysk, Daniel Polish Press Agency , Science and Scholarship, 2014