Kröslin

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 54 ° 7 '  N , 13 ° 45'  E
Basic data
State :	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County :	Vorpommern-Greifswald
Office :	Lubmin
Height :	2 m above sea level NHN
Area :	22.41 km 2
Residents:	1773 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	79 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	17440
Area code :	038370
License plate :	VG, ANK, GW, PW, SBG, UEM, WLG
Community key :	13 0 75 069
Community structure:	5 districts
Office administration address:	Geschw.-Scholl-Weg 15 17509 Lubmin
Website :	www.kroeslin.de
Mayor :	Holger Dinse ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Kröslin in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district

Kröslin is a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany). It is administered by the Lubmin Office based in the municipality of the same name .

geography

The municipality of Kröslin borders the Peenestrom in the east . To the south and west are the municipalities of Rubenow and Lubmin . In the north is the Greifswalder Bodden .

The municipality of Kröslin includes the islands of Greifswalder Oie in the Baltic Sea , the Ruden in front of the mouth of the Peene River and Dänholm , Großer and Kleiner Wotig and Großer Rohrplan in the Peene River. Large parts - including the islands - of the community are fully protected. The municipality is located entirely in the Usedom Island Nature Park . The highest elevation in the municipality with 22.2 meters is located southeast of Kröslin on the old Peene.

Community structure

Districts Freest Hollendorf Karrin Kröslin Spandowerhagen

Desolations and living spaces Behnken (desert) Green wad (desert) Rauhenberg (desert) Vencemin (desert)

Greifswalder Oie (uninhabited island) Ruden Island (uninhabited island)

In 1865 the towns had the following population figures: Kröslin 757, Freest 581, Grünschwade 3, Hollendorf 153, Karrin 95, Oie 41, Ruden 38 and Spandowerhagen 150.

history

Situation around Peenemünde - Kröslin 1630

Freest fishing port around 1985

Freest fishing port

Marina of Kröslin

View from Kröslin to the Grünschwade desert

Kröslin

The first mention of the place Kröslin is believed to be in 1228 (also Crasselin and Cracelin in the documents ).

According to confirmed documents, Kröslin was first called Cracelin in 1300 , when Duke Bogislaw IV gave the Eldena monastery his shares of 15 Hufen with the island of Wotik (called Klein-Woting). In 1302, knight Wulfold von Below sold his remaining parts of Kröslin to the monastery. In 1305 the place was named as Crasselin when Bishop Heinrich von Kammin promised to separate the Kröslin church from the Wolgast district.

The church was built in 1305, the tower of which was partly built from stones from the former castle in Wolgast . Kröslin was initially an anger village , but over time it developed into a street green village . A steel engraving from 1630 shows the church town of Kröslin and the imperial ski jump at the point where Grünschwade was later built. The pleasure palace in the background on the right was the ducal palace of Freesendorf (place desolate by nuclear power station ).

The current name Kröslin was not mentioned until 1708 . Kröslin was a farming village, church and parish at the same time.

In the years 1865 to 1895 the importance of fishing for the economy in the place increased strongly, there was also a significant increase in the number of inhabitants. At that time, Kröslin was the gathering point for the fish trade on the western coast of Usedom, the southern and eastern coast of the Rügen district and the northern coast of the Greifswald district. There were 24 fish smokers who obtained their herrings from the surrounding area with steamers. Therefore, in 1885 it was decided to connect Kröslin to the Greifswald – Lubmin – Wolgast small railway in order to shorten the transport times for the perishable goods. Three years later, the line could be put into operation and promoted further economic development. The line from Kröslin to Wolgast had four rails. This meant that standard-gauge freight wagons could also be used. This was an important aspect when transporting perishable goods, it saved the additional reloading of the fish in Wolgast. The small railroad was stopped in 1945, the tracks and the rolling stock were loaded as reparations to the USSR in the port of Ladebow. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century the development of the community stalled and only recovered after the global economic crisis .

Freest

Freest was first mentioned in 1179 as Vrestenuiz . The Slavic name means "heather". It was a fishing and farming village. From 1302 Freest belonged to the Eldena Monastery. During the Thirty Years War , Freest was burned down by the Danes in 1628. Freest is a centuries-old traditional fishing port at the outlet of the Peene River in the Greifswalder Bodden .

→ Main article : Freest

Spandowerhagen

Spandowerhagen was first mentioned as such in 1470. It was laid out as a Vorwerk zu Nonnendorf. The name comes from the Spandow settler family, which went out at the end of the 15th century.

Spandowerhagen had a fortified courtyard, which was later expanded into a manor. Fortified courtyards were laid out from around 1300 to 1600. The form of the court was also shown in the Swedish registers and in the Prussian original table sheet from 1835. After 1900 this small farm was converted into a forest farm.

The place was a small fishing village that was laid out as a street village. When the north nuclear power plant was built, the village had access to the cooling water channel to the plant. The canal is still there, but filled in at the former power station.

In 2013 the town was given a bypass road for the L 262 because the village could no longer cope with the steadily growing traffic to the industrial area in the former nuclear power plant and its port.

Hollendorf

Hollendorf was first mentioned in a document in 1305 as Hollendorp . The early German name (dorp = village) has not yet been further interpreted. The place is located on an old arm of the Peene River. It was a manor village - owned by the Wodrig family until 1851, then by Thurow, von Wolffradt and Vahl. However, it was not a dominant property; there were also several farmsteads and residential buildings.

Karrin

Karrin was first mentioned in 1270 as Korin . The Slavic name is interpreted as "root". It was not until 1851 that the current spelling became established. In 1841 Karrin consisted of three districts - Karrin-Mittelhof, Karrin-Neuhof and Karrin-Sandfeld, Mittel- and Neuhof were Gutsorte, Sandfeld a farming village. In 1843 Karrin-Neuhof and Karrin-Sandfeld were deleted from the maps and from the municipal directories. Karrin-Mittelhof was now just called Mittelhof and came with the field of the missing parts to the community of Groß Ernsthof. Karrin-Sandfeld became a place to live as Sandhof in the community of Groß Ernsthof, Karrin-Neuhof fell in a desolate way and was until then on the southern border of the community of Groß Ernsthof, later the community of Rubenow - see there.

In 1937 a coin treasure with 4032 Pomeranian coins was found near Karrin north of Wolgast. They are coins from the burial period from 1270 to 1275.

→ Main article : Karrin coin find

Greifswalder Oie (uninhabited island)

The Oie belonged to the city of Greifswald, in ancient times it was a Slavic place of worship where the ship's crews performed ritual rites when entering and leaving the island. They called the island "Swante Wostrow" , so it was documented in 1282. Since 1958, the former village has been considered a desert.

→ Main article : Greifswalder Oie

Ruden (uninhabited island)

The island was first referred to as "Ruden" in 1618 on the Lubin map. The Ruden was a customs and pilot station from the end of the 17th century and belonged to Wolgast in terms of ownership.

→ Main article : Ruden Island

Behnken (desert)

Behnken was first mentioned in a document in 1648. The last mentions are recorded in 1786, after that the place is desolate. It only appears as a field name southwest of Freest.

Green wad (desert)

According to a treaty between Sweden and Prussia in 1720, Greenschwade was an emergency port for both sides. The border customs office for the entry and exit of the Peene River was then located in Grünschwade until 1815. After that, the only building that still made up the place was still there in 1835 as a residential building, according to the Prussian Urmes table sheet.

→ Main article : Green wad

Rauhenberg (desert)

Rauhenberg was first referred to in the Prussian original table sheet from 1835. It was still called from 1851 to 1891, then it lay desolate. Today only a field name testifies to the existence.

Vencemin (desert)

Vencemin was first mentioned as such in a document in 1298. But it was only mentioned until 1302. Then it was integrated into Freest in 1331. It is probably the somewhat remote settlement southeast of the main town on the road to Kröslin, close to the Grünschwade desert.

politics

coat of arms

Blazon : “In blue three silver fish in three passages with a common head, accompanied: in the right upper corner by an oblique, overturned golden anchor; in the upper left corner of a golden ear of wheat placed obliquely to the left; down from a golden bell. " The coat of arms was designed by Michael Zapfe from Weimar . It was approved by the Ministry of the Interior on July 22, 1998 and registered under the number 168 of the coat of arms of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Reasons for the coat of arms: In the coat of arms, the three-pass fish with a common head - a well-known design motif of Freester carpet weavers - refer to traditional fishing. The anchor is intended to symbolize traditional shipping on the one hand and the fishing port in Freest on the other. The ears of wheat are supposed to symbolize agriculture. According to the design principle of the pars pro toto, the bell stands for the church of Kröslin, whose bells could be renewed through donations from the residents. The colors blue and white indicate that the municipality belongs to the Western Pomerania region.

flag

The municipality does not have an officially approved flag .

Official seal

The official seal shows the municipal coat of arms with the inscription "GEMEINDE KRÖSLIN * LANDKREIS VORPOMMERN-GREIFSWALD".

economy

traffic

The districts of Kröslin, Freest and Spandowerhagen are on the L 262 state road, the districts of Karrin and Hollendorf apart.

Only the station building at the entrance to Kröslin and the name of the main street: Bahnhofsstraße still bear witness to the former Lubmin – Kröslin – Wolgast railway line.

Excursion boats and liner boats dock in Freester and Kröslin harbors. So Ruden , Oie , Peenemünde and Rügen can be reached.

The sea ​​rescue boat Heinz Orth of the German Society for the Rescue of Shipwrecked People is also stationed in Freest .

Established businesses

Probably the most important company is the fishing cooperative in Freest with several fishermen and a processing plant as well as private smokehouses. There are also some boatyards .
Tourism is another mainstay of the municipality. The marina in Kröslin and the yacht harbor in Freest, the two Freester campsites and the dining facilities are geared towards maritime tourism.
The site of the former Lubmin nuclear power plant , today Energiewerke Nord, begins at the northwestern corner of the municipality . It is designated as a large industrial area.

Culture and sights

→ See: List of architectural monuments in Kröslin

Kröslin churchyard with monuments

Church and churchyard Kröslin

→ See main article: Church Kröslin

From the church Kröslin Not much is known. Only a few documents that can be documented have survived to this day. In 1300, Duke Bogislaw IV set the number of hooves for the church at 15. At the beginning of the 14th century ownership of the village changed. In 1302 Wulfoldus de Below, until then owner of Kröslin, sold the village to the Eldena monastery. The canon law issues were not finally clarified with the purchase.

The spacious churchyard is worth seeing, but it has been renatured. There are considerable monuments and tombs on it. The churchyard is surrounded by a stone wall with an entrance portal.

Fishing shed at the fishing port

Museums

The Heimatstube is located in the Freest district . It shows the life and work of fishermen and also the history of the knotting of the Freester fisherman's carpets . During the Great Depression, these were an additional source of income for the fishermen and significantly increased the popularity of the place.

Regular events

At the beginning of May, when the hornfish arrive , the opening event of the German Hotel and Restaurant Association Ostvorpommern for the Usedomer Hornfish Weeks takes place in the Freest district . On the first weekend in August every year there is a fishing festival in Freest with a fair, rides and fireworks.

literature

• Society for Pomeranian History and Antiquity (ed.): The architectural monuments of the government district of Stralsund , edited by E. von Haselberg, volume II, Der Kreis Greifswald, Stettin 1885.
• Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments. Districts Neubrandenburg-Rostock-Schwerin , edited by the Department for Art History, Berlin 1968
• Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen, Part IV, Volume II., Anklam 1868, p. 1022 ff.
• Manfred Niemeyer: East Western Pomerania. Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . Pages 76, 112, 116, 125, 137
• Rudolf Stundl , Lutz Mohr : Folk art on the Baltic Sea. 50 years of Freester and Lubmin fisherman carpet weaving. Neue Greifswald Museum Hefte , No. 6, Greifswald 1978, special issue
• Dietrich Hermann Biederstedt : Contributions to the history of the churches and preachers in Neuvorpommern . Volume 3, Greifswald 1818, pp. 16-19 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Kröslin  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality of Kröslin

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ H. Hoogeweg, Monasteries in Pomerania, Part 1, Stettin, 1924, p. 534
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 9 ff
4. ↑ Klaus Kieper, Reiner Preuß, Elfriede Rehbein: Narrow-gauge railway archive. Pp. 133-138. transpress VEB publishing house for transport in Berlin 1980
5. ↑ Hans-Heinz Schütt: On shield and flag production office TINUS, Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814380-0-0 , p. 365.
6. ↑ ^{a b} main statute § 1 (PDF).