Penkun

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 53 ° 18 '  N , 14 ° 14'  E
Basic data
State :	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County :	Vorpommern-Greifswald
Office :	Löcknitz-Penkun
Height :	41 m above sea level NHN
Area :	78.64 km 2
Residents:	1775 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	23 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	17328
Area code :	039751
License plate :	VG, ANK, GW, PW, SBG, UEM, WLG
Community key :	13 0 75 107
City structure:	10 districts
Office administration address:	Chausseestraße 30 17321 Löcknitz
Website :	www.penkun.de
Mayoress :	Antje Zibell ( CDU )
Location of the city of Penkun in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district

Penkun in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald is a country town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania belonging to the Löcknitz-Penkun district . It is located in the extreme southeast of Western Pomerania, near the border with Poland and the metropolis of Szczecin .

geography

Castle lake Penkun

Geographical location

Penkun lies roughly in the middle of the triangle Prenzlau - Stettin (Szczecin) - Schwedt / Oder . The city is surrounded by several lakes that fall in a depression between two terminal moraine lines to the Randow and the Landgraben. The largest bodies of water are the Schlosssee , which is a chain of seven lakes, and the Bürgersee , which consists of four parts . The hill country continues north to Stettin. The area around Penkun is used intensively for agriculture.

City structure

In addition to the main town, there are nine districts and two residential areas:

Büssow Friedefeld Grünz Kirchenfeld Neuhof

Radewitz Sommersdorf Storkow Wollin

Residential places: expansion Block yard

Neighboring communities

Neighboring municipalities of the city are starting from the north and clockwise:

Krackow , Nadrensee , Mescherin , Tantow , Casekow , Randowtal and Brüssow .

history

Older story

Pencun was first mentioned in 1240 as in vicus Pinkun - i.e. as a village - in a barter between Duke Barnim I of Pomerania and Bishop Conrad III. Mentioned in a document by Cammin . Before that there was a Slavic settlement, surrounded by ramparts . After a Pomeranian border fortress was built there in 1186 to secure the trade route between Stettin and the Mark Brandenburg , Penkun developed as a regularly laid out and walled city under the protection of this castle. The city fortifications consisted of a city wall, three city gates (Wolliner, Stettiner and Gartzer Tor), two round towers and some Wieck houses . In 1261 the patronage of the parish church in Penkun was transferred to the newly founded cathedral chapter of St. Mary in Stettin . In 1269 Pinkun was first mentioned in a document as an oppidum - i.e. a city - and in 1284 it was mentioned as civitas Pencun . It used the Magdeburg city law . It is not known exactly when Penkun received city rights.

In 1285 a Prefectus Rudolf (1296: Rodolfus de Penkun ) is mentioned for the first time as the mayor of Penkun. In 1295 the city fell to the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin and was exempt from customs duties in 1320. The Penkuner Rifle Guild was founded in 1433 to protect the citizens . In 1468 the citizens of Penkun and the rifle guild were able to successfully defend the city against the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich II . The parish church, town hall and castle were spared from the effects of the war on the city. In 1478/80, Duke Bogislaw X. of Pomerania enfeoffed his councilor and Captain Werner von der Schulenburg with the Penkun Castle , the city of Penkun and two villages. In 1614 the Schulenburgs pledged the castle and town of Penkun and six villages to Henning von der Osten . The castle was expanded into a renaissance castle around 1600.

During the Thirty Years War , Penkun was burned to the ground by imperial troops in 1630, with the fortifications preserved. Until 1648 Penkun belonged to the Duchy of Pomerania. Through the Peace of Westphalia , Penkun first came to Swedish Western Pomerania and from 1720 to the Prussian part of Pomerania .

Recent history

Penkun Castle around 1860 (from the northeast), Alexander Duncker collection

Penkun Castle and its lands came to the Count von Hacke family through an exchange in 1756 , but were repurchased by the von der Osten family in 1817 . In its development, Penkun was often ravaged by fires, after 1630 also in the years 1701, 1733, 1800, 1826 and 1854, in which the church was damaged seven times over the centuries and finally in the major fire in 1854 with about 62% the residential buildings were completely destroyed. 144 of the original 189 residential houses and buildings in Penkun were partly or completely in ruins, including the town hall and the parish and school buildings. The city wall and the three city gates were finally demolished after the fire. This major fire is also the reason why around 70% of Penkun's buildings date from the 19th century. After the major fire of 1854, the city and the citizens were completely impoverished. The Low German proverb In Penkun, in Penkun, there hangs de hunger upp'n tun (“In Penkun, in Penkun, hunger hangs on the fence”) comes from that time .

Two breweries and a cotton and linen manufacture, which were run by 14 masters and six journeymen in 1862, did little to change the city's poor economic situation. This is also evidenced by the fact that most of the citizens and residents made their living from agriculture and in 1865 only four of the approximately 2000 inhabitants of the city at that time were subject to income tax . In the 19th century, Penkun had a Jewish community and a Jewish cemetery . The latter was devastated around 1940, and remains remained until after 1952. They were then cleared and the cemetery built over with a sports field.

Penkun Castle around 2011 (from the east)

The central market played a regional role as a horse market until 1906. Then the linden trees that are still standing today were planted. In 1993 the market was redesigned according to the historical model. At the end of the Second World War , the town hall and the rifle house were destroyed by fire in 1945. After the Second World War were largely in Penkun agricultural enterprises resident.

From 1991 the historic city center was redeveloped as part of urban development funding. The road network was expanded, a sewer system was created and a sewage treatment plant was built, a new elementary school and the centrally located new official building and town hall were built.

Between 1818 and 1939 Penkun belonged to the Randow district in the Stettin administrative district of the Prussian province of Pomerania . In 1939, when the Randow district was dissolved, Penkun was assigned to the Greifenhagen district , which existed until 1945. Then the city came to the rebuilt district of Randow in the state of Mecklenburg and on July 1, 1950 to the newly established district of Pasewalk (from 1952 in the GDR - Neubrandenburg district , from 1990 in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). In 1994, Penkun became part of the newly formed district of Uecker-Randow , which in 2011 became part of the Vorpommern-Greifswald district.

Between 1992 and 2004, Penkun was the seat of the Penkun Office . Since July 1st, 2004 the city belongs to the office Löcknitz-Penkun .

History of the districts

Grünz was first mentioned as Grönitz in a document in 1289 . The Grünzer Church was built from 1229.

Radewitz was first mentioned in 1289. The von Ziethen family had owned the estate since 1836 . The older buildings of the manor house were built after 1836, which was expanded into a manor house around 1900.

Storkow was mentioned as Stochhausen in 1240 . The stone church with the half-timbered tower dates from the 14th century. The post mill was built before 1718 and rebuilt after a fire in 1902 and renovated from 1999 to 2006.

Wollin was first mentioned in 1240. The church was built in 1261.

Friedefeld was laid out in 1714 by Heinrich von der Osten as the Vorwerk Penkuns.

Incorporations

Grünz with Radewitz, Sommersdorf with Neuhof, Storkow and Wollin b. Penkun and Friedefeld were incorporated into Penkun as districts on January 1, 1999. Until December 31, 1998, they were independent municipalities.

Population development

Penkun is one of the smallest towns in Western Pomerania in terms of population as well as the smallest towns in Germany .

year City of Penkun Büssow Kirchenfeld Grünz Radewitz Sommersdorf Storkow Wollin Friedefeld source 1740 830 1782 896 1794 970 1812 1037 1816 1062 1831 1483 1843 1654 1852 1828 1861 2076 1875 2014 1880 2060 1900 1913 257 151 296 334 286 114 1925 1925 232 295 303 239 1933 1692 400 367 292 450 1939 1892 372 373 268 478 1944 1844 1990 1371 296 264 216 313 1995 1252 296 246 216 290 2000 2253 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2005 2104 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2010 1953 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2015 1899 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2016 1874 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2017 1806 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2018 1785 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2019 1775 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

since 1990: as of December 31 of the respective year

The strong increase in the number of inhabitants in 2000 is due to the incorporation in 1999.

politics

City council

The Penkun city ​​council consists of 12 members and the mayor. Since the local elections on May 26, 2019, it has been composed as follows:

Political party Share of votes Seats CDU 43.2% 5 Citizens for Penkun (BfP) 14.1% 2 Citizens' alliance with competence for Western Pomerania (BB) 21.0% 2 We for Penkun (WfP) 14.7% 2 Individual applicant Ulrich Ernst Nikolaus 07.1% 1

mayor

• Prefectus (Schultheiß) Rudolf, 1285
• Rodolfus de Penkun, 1296
• Jasper Pinno, mentioned in a document in 1506
• Hermann Pinno, 1506
• Henninck Pinno, 1506
• Christoff Brünningk, 1698, 1699
• Michel Krumbek, 1710
• Daniel Ludwig Mahlendorff, 1740
• ? Reading master (laying master), 1752; † 1754
• Johann Friedrich Bohs (Boss), 1767, 1775
• Heinrich Millard, 1767, 1775
• 1809? Suckow
• 1809–1814: Otto Joachim Friedrich Höpner († 1814)
• 1814–1815: Joachim Ulrich Holce
• 1815–1821: Carl Wilhelm Henning
• 1823–1824: G. Geschwind
• 1827-1831: HL Lenius
• 1831-1859: M. Fr. Radant
• 1859–1864: August Sebastian Ferdinand Schulß
• 1864– ?: Franz Ludwig Warmburg
• 1924– ?: Kurt Bauer

From the 13th century to 1808, the exact terms of office of the mayors are not known. The year numbers after the names from this time therefore only mention the name and the person as mayor of the city of Penkun in a certificate from the specified year or, if there is a cross in front of the year, the year of death.

• 1990-2019: Bernd-Rudolf Netzel ( FDP )
• since 2019: Antje Zibell ( CDU )

Zibell was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 58.8% of the valid votes.

candidate	Party / group of voters	be right	%
Antje Zibell	CDU	561	58.8%
Karl-Edmund Geiger	Citizens for Penkun	199	20.9%
Sarah Grossjohann	We for Penkun	194	20.3%

coat of arms

	Blazon : "In silver on a gold crown, an erect, gold-reinforced red griffin with a knocked-out red tongue and a folded tail." The current coat of arms was redrawn after 1995 and registered under number 65 of the coat of arms of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
	Reasons for the coat of arms: In the coat of arms designed around 1600 based on the seal image, the griffin, as a symbol of the griffin family, refers to the Duke of Pomerania as the city's founder and lord. For a while - until February 1995 - the city arms showed the field color blue.

flag

The city does not have an officially approved flag .

Official seal

The official seal shows the figures of the city arms (without shield) with the inscription "STADT PENKUN * LANDKREIS VORPOMMERN-GREIFSWALD".

Town twinning

• Fors in France ( region Nouvelle-Aquitaine )
• Widuchowa (Eng .: Fiddichow) in Poland ( West Pomeranian Voivodeship )
• Lubień in Poland ( Lesser Poland Voivodeship )

There is a regular cultural exchange between the partner cities in the form of mutual meetings.

Sights and culture

Buildings

See also : List of architectural monuments in Penkun

• Penkun Castle (formerly castle), irregular three-wing complex on the old castle hill. Using medieval remains, the castle was converted into a palace in the late renaissance style around 1600 . The portals in the west and east date from the 17th century. The gateway is decorated with a coat of arms with the date 1614. After 1945 the castle was used as an agricultural school with boarding school, then as a canteen for the LPG and until 1990 the primary school. Today the castle has 44 rooms and 190 windows on a total area of ​​around 1720 square meters. The buildings are used for changing exhibitions. A museum was housed in the administrator's house. The castle park is also worth seeing.
• City church from 1858 to 1862 ( neo-Gothic ), previous building from 1854 burned down, organ by the Szczecin organ builder Barnim Grüneberg (1863)
• Storkow post mill , largest in Germany
• Grünz: stone church from 1229, burned out in 1888, reconstruction with neo-Gothic tower with pointed helmet , chancel in the apse , eastern stepped gable , baptismal font from 1685
• Storkow: Germany's largest post mill .
• Wollin: Rectangular field stone village church from the late 13th century

• 

  Penkun Castle

• 

  Castle lake and town church

• 

  Post mill Storkow

• 

  Sommersdorf village church

• 

  Mordwange of Sommersdorf (1423)

music

• Choir Cantemus Penkun
• Penkun Shawm Chapel of the Volunteer Fire Brigade
• Penkuner wind orchestra
• Trombone Choir Sommersdorf

Regular events

• Penkun poultry show
• Classic car tour
• Advent market of the evangelical parish

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

According to the operator, one of the largest biogas parks in the world is located in Penkun . The plant, designed for 20 megawatts, is part of a fertilizer plant currently under construction. The plant generates electricity from maize, slurry and grain.

traffic

The B 113 federal road runs through the Storkow district between the German-Polish border crossings Linken and Mescherin . The state road L 283 connects Penkun with Schmölln on the Brandenburg state border and Löcknitz . The junction Penkun on the federal motorway 11 (Berlin– Stettin ) is the last before the Polish border.

There is a connection to the Berlin-Stettin railway line at the neighboring Tantow train station . From 1899 to 1945 Penkun owned a train station northwest of the old town on the Casekow – Penkun – Oder railway , which was dismantled as a reparation payment to the Soviet Union .

education

• Penkun Elementary School
• Penkun Regional School
• Daycare dandelion with Hort

societies

• Penkun Rifle Guild 1433
• Penkuner SV Rot-Weiß (PSV) with the departments football, table tennis, badminton, volleyball, bike ball, billiards and gymnastics
• Penkun Carnival Club (PKC)
• Fire Brigade Association Penkun 1890
• Culture & Tourism Association Penkun
• Penkun City Museum Association
• Storkow post mill association

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Caspar March (1619–1677), astronomer
• Albert Herr (1840–1912), administrative officer, member of the Prussian House of Representatives
• Heinrich Otto Guenther (1857–1910), administrative lawyer and district president
• Winfried Mante (* 1948), politician (SPD), born in Storkow

Personalities associated with Penkun

• Henning von der Osten (1563–1626), knightly district administrator in the Duchy of Pommern-Wolgast and hereditary lord on Penkun
• Heinrich von der Osten (1603–1659), knightly district administrator in the Duchy of Pomerania and in Swedish Pomerania and hereditary lord on Penkun
• Friedrich Wilhelm von der Osten (1842–1928), landlord on Penkun
• Karsten Wiebke (1938–2020), politician (SPD), veterinarian in Penkun
• Ulli Wegner (* 1942), boxing trainer, professional training in Penkun

literature

• Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania . Volume 2, Anklam 1865, pp. 1401–1461 ( digitized version )
• Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 293–295 ( full text )
• Günter Walter (editor): Festschrift for the 750th anniversary of the city of Penkun . Verlagsbüro Schwedesky, Grevenbroich / Nrh. 1990
• H. Lemke: The architectural and art monuments of the administrative district Stettin (Stettin 1900) Part 2, Volume 2, Issue 5, pp. 133f., Fig. 103 .;
• K.-D. Gralow, The medieval stone monuments of the district of Neubrandenburg
• Erwin Schulz: The place name detective - medieval settlement names in the Uecker-Randow district (1121–1591) - origin, details, explanations - with an overview of place names from 1600 . Ed .: Norbert Raulin. Schibri-Verlag, Milow 2007, ISBN 978-3-937895-44-4 , pp. 54 ff .

Web links

Commons : Penkun  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Penckun in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• City information page (Löcknitz-Penkun district)
• Material on Penkun Castle in the Duncker Collection of the Central and State Library Berlin (PDF; 217 kB)
• Historical city view

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Geodata Viewer of the Office for Geoinformation, Surveying and Cadastral Affairs Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ( notes )
3. ^ Main statute of the city of Penkun, § 2
4. ^ ^{A b} Gustav Kratz: The cities of the province of Pomerania. Outline of their history, mostly based on documents , Verlag A. Bath, Berlin 1865, pp. 293–294.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Herbert Ewe: The image of the cities of Western Pomerania , Verlag Hermanns Böhlau successor, Weimar 1996, pp. 92–94.
6. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Gustav Kratz: The cities of the province of Pomerania. Outline of their history, mostly based on documents , Verlag A. Bath, Berlin 1865, p. 294.
8. ^ ^{A b c d} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Randow. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
9. ↑ Municipal directory Germany 1900. Randow district.
10. ^ The town of Penkun in the Randow district
11. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Greifenhagen. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
12. ^ Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874–1945. Penkun.
13. ↑ Population development of the districts and municipalities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Statistical Report AI of the Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
14. ^ Gustav Kratz: The cities of the province of Pomerania. Outline of their history, mostly based on documents , Verlag A. Bath, Berlin 1865, pp. 293, 295.
15. ↑ Antje Zibell becomes Penkun's mayor. In: Nordkurier , May 27, 2019
16. ↑ Hans-Heinz Schütt: On shield and flag production office TINUS, Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814380-0-0 , p. 416.
17. ↑ ^{a b} main statute § 1 (PDF).
18. ↑ http://www.kirchenkreis-pasewalk.de/286.html
19. ↑ Pictures from the Penkun biogas park in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , EnviTec Biogas AG has built one of the largest biogas parks in the world. Operator's homepage, accessed on June 30, 2009 
20. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: world's largest biogas plant is complete - Lübecker Nachrichten, December 11, 2007 )