County town

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Königsbrück in Saxony, a country town with around 4400 inhabitants (2015)

In statistics, a town with fewer than 5000 inhabitants is referred to as a country town . The term was also used in urban geography and settlement geography . Nowadays one speaks of rural communities in these contexts . In Mecklenburg, until 1918, provincial towns were those towns that had the right to be represented in the state parliament of Mecklenburg.

Country town in statistics

The term country town was defined in the International Statistics Conference of 1887. The next larger categories are the small town with 5,000 to less than 20,000 inhabitants, the medium-sized town with 20,000 to less than 100,000 inhabitants, the big city with at least 100,000 and the metropolis with more than one million inhabitants.

Sometimes (regardless of statistical considerations) such cities are also referred to as rural cities (more often agricultural towns ) whose population still practices more or less agriculture, but which already has (regionally limited) trade and industry.

Country town in Mecklenburg

In the old Mecklenburg until 1918 - regardless of the number of inhabitants - all cities were designated as a country town that had the right to representation in the state parliament of Mecklenburg, i.e. that were eligible for a state parliament . The representatives of the cities formed the landscape . Its origins go back to the beginning of the 14th century, when the knighthood, the entirety of the vassals in Mecklenburg, who have gathered irregularly since the 13th century, called in representatives of the cities. Since the effective collection of taxes, the revenue of which was mainly due to the trade turnover of city merchants and the wages of free city dwellers, required the cooperation of the city tax authorities, the introduction or change of each individual tax was subject to the approval of the Mecklenburg state parliament. The representatives sent there represented the landscape, knighthood and, since the beginning of the 15th century, also prelates , all three of whom formed the estates. "Their further formation took place in the constant power struggle with the state rulers." Since the unification of Mecklenburg under Henry IV. In 1471, the estates of the three partial rulers Mecklenburg (Mecklenburg District), Wenden (Wendish District) and Stargard (Stargard District) increasingly gathered for joint state assemblies before they formed a union in 1523 to counter the imminent renewed dynastic division of the country by Albrecht VII . With success, because the united state estates, also known as the state union, were the bond that held the Mecklenburg partial rulers together. Since the departure of the prelates, the knighthood and landscape formed the state estates of Mecklenburg. From 1763, the dukes in Schwerin recognized Mecklenburg-Schwerin's rural Jewish community as a representative body without legislative powers, but with internal autonomy, while the knighthood and landscape rejected their existence.

The old Hanseatic city of Rostock , which was also represented in the state parliament with special rights, and the old Hanseatic city of Wismar , which was only reintegrated into the Mecklenburg State Association in 1803, but only returned to the landscape from July 1, 1897, were referred to as lakeside cities . The residences Neustrelitz and Ludwigslust (until 1880), which were built in the 18th century, were not or for a long time not counted among the provincial towns and were therefore not represented in the provincial parliament. Ludwigslust's application for inclusion in the landscape was not granted for a long time. The state parliaments have met alternately in Malchin and Sternberg in Mecklenburg since 1621 .

structure

The rural towns were divided into three groups, those of the Mecklenburg , Stargard and Wendish districts , each headed by a country town dubbed the "Vorderstadt". In 1906 there were 49 cities eligible for state assembly, 47 rural cities and the two seaside cities:

A. Mecklenburg District
  • Parchim as the front city
  • Brüel (founded in 1340 by Reimar von Plessen, since then belonging to the knightly estate there and with it from 1753 heir prince, until 1751 official)
  • Bützow (donated by the Prince-Bishop of Schwerin before 1302, then Prince-Bishop's residence, in 1648 to Mecklenburg; Landstandschaft applied for in 1842 and approved in 1851)
  • Crivitz (town charter before 1312)
  • Doberan (town charter 1879; county council 1881)
  • Doemitz
  • Gadebusch (donated before 1225 by Heinrich Borwin I of Mecklenburg)
  • Grabow in Mecklenburg (donated by Count von Dannenberg before 1255)
  • Grevesmühlen (donated before 1226)
  • Hagenow (donated before 1200, official until April 18, 1754, office since then)
  • Kröpelin (donated before 1250 and part of Mecklenburg since 1223)
  • Lübz (founded before 1370, official until August 18, 1760, since then office)
  • Ludwigslust (town charter 1876; county council 1880)
  • Malchow in Mecklenburg (donated in 1235 by Nikolaus III. Von Werle , 1316–1376 to the Parchim line, from 1436 to Mecklenburg, from 1621 to Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
  • Neubukow (donated before 1306, official until 1775)
  • Neustadt (donated before 1291 by the Count of Schwerin)
  • Rehna (in office until May 30, 1791, since then in office)
  • Schwerin in Mecklenburg (old town and new town founded in 1705 united in 1832; new town council approved in 1851)
  • Sternberg in Mecklenburg (donated before 1226; from 1621 onwards the meeting place of the general state parliament alternating with Malchin)
  • Waren an der Müritz (donated before 1283, 1347–1425 residence of the younger line Werle, from 1436 to Mecklenburg, from 1621 to Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
  • Warin (donated by the Prince-Bishop of Schwerin before 1569; official until 1781, since then clerkship; Landstandschaft approved in 1851)
  • Wittenburg in Mecklenburg (donated before 1294 by the Count of Schwerin)
B. Stargardscher Kreis (from 1702 territorially identical to Mecklenburg-Strelitz)
C. Wendish circle
  • Vorderstadt Güstrow (town charter by Heinrich Borwin II. In 1220)
  • Boizenburg an der Elbe (before 1250 town charter by Gunzelin III. Von Schwerin ; 1353 to Mecklenburg, from 1621 to the Duchy of Güstrow, later Wendish district)
  • Gnoien (Heinrich zu Werle donated Gnoien in 1290)
  • Goldberg in Mecklenburg (before 1281 town charter by Mr. zu Werle; 1316–1375 residence Werles; official until 1769)
  • Krakow am See (donated in the Principality of Wenden in 1298, in Mecklenburg in 1436)
  • Laage (founded in 1270 by Nikolaus III. Zu Werle )
  • Malchin (donated in 1236 by Mr. Nikolaus III .; 1316–1375 to the Parchim line; 1436 to Mecklenburg; from 1621 the meeting place of the general parliament alternating with Sternberg)
  • Marlow (donated in the Rostock rule in 1228; part of the Lühesche Guts until 1768)
  • Neukalen (built in 1244 by Heinrich Borwin III. Zu Rostock; official until 1782)
  • Penzlin (already a Wendish town in 1170; Schwerin town charter only later by Heinrich Borwin II of Werle)
  • Plau am See (around 1225 town charter by Heinrich Borwin I of Mecklenburg; 1247 to the Parchim line, 1316 to the Werle-Güstrow line; 1436 to Mecklenburg)
  • Ribnitz (donated in 1271 by Mr. zu Rostock; from 1325 to Mecklenburg)
  • Röbel an der Müritz (donated by Heinrich Borwin II in 1226; 1347–1425 to the Waren line, 1436 to Mecklenburg)
  • Schwaan (donated by Mr. zu Werle in 1292; official until 1762)
  • Stavenhagen (donated in the Principality of Wenden in 1282, 1316-1375 to the Goldberg line; 1436 to Mecklenburg; official until 1780)
  • Sülze (founded in 1298 by Mr. zu Rostock; until 1768 part of the Lühesche Guts)
  • Ticino near Rostock
  • Teterow (donated in 1272 by Nikolaus III zu Werle; 1317–1357 to the older Werle line; from 1436 to Mecklenburg)

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Country town  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinz Heineberg : Urban geography. 3rd edition, Schöningh, Paderborn 2006, ISBN 978-3825221669 , p. 28 f.
  2. ↑ Jürgen Bähr , Christoph Jentsch , Wolfgang Kuls: Population geography . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1992, ISBN 978-3110088625 , p. 708. (= Textbook of General Geography, Volume 9)
  3. ^ Gabriele Schwarz: General settlement geography. Part 2: The Cities. 2nd edition, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1988, ISBN 978-3110110197 , p. 597 (= Textbook of General Geography Volume 6/2)
  4. ↑ a b c d e Cf. “ 3. Mecklenburg Land estates including knightly manors and rural towns ”, on: State Main Archive Schwerin: Online Find Books , accessed on February 1, 2017.
  5. ↑ Prelates were representatives of the monasteries and collegiate monasteries in the country, which lost their importance in the course of the Reformation, were last brought in in 1549 and were no longer recognized as eligible for parliament in 1552. Three monasteries (henceforth the so-called state monasteries Dobbertin , Malchow and Ribnitz ) passed into the control of the knighthood and landscape as Lutheran fräuleinstifte in 1572 . See "Mecklenburg", in: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon : 20 vols., Leipzig and Vienna: Bibliographisches Institut, 1902–1908, Volume 13 'Lyrik - Mitterwurzer' (1906), pp. 499-508, here p. 501
  6. ↑ a b See "Mecklenburg", in: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon : 20 vols., Leipzig and Vienna: Bibliographisches Institut, 1902–1908, Volume 13 'Lyrik - Mitterwurzer' (1906), pp. 499-508, here p. 503.
  7. ↑ a b c Otto Büsing , "The State Law of the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz", in: The State Law of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Braunschweig, Anhalt, Waldeck, Schaumburg-Lippe, Lippe , Heinrich Marquardsen (Ed.), Freiburg i. B. and Tübingen: Mohr, 1884, (= Handbook of the Public Law of the Present in Monographs; Vol. 3 'The State Law of the German Reich and the German States', Part II: Half-Vol. 2, Section 1), pp. 3–72, here p. 23 .
  8. ↑ a b Grosherzoglich Meklenburg-Schwerin shearing State calendar 1850 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1849, p. 268.
  9. ↑ a b c Grand Ducal Meklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar 1850 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1849, p. 266.
  10. ^ A b c d e Grand Ducal Meklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar 1852 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1851, p. 282.
  11. ↑ a b c d Grand Ducal Meklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar 1850 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1849, p. 267.
  12. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 62. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  13. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 97. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  14. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 191. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  15. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 224. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  16. ↑ a b Grosherzoglich Meklenburg-Schwerin shearing State calendar 1850 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1849, p. 269.
  17. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 614. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  18. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 741. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  19. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 807. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  20. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 592. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  21. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 626. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  22. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 772. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  23. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 814. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  24. ↑ a b Grosherzoglich Meklenburg-Schwerin shearing State calendar 1850 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1849, p. 272.
  25. ↑ a b Grosherzoglich Meklenburg-Schwerin shearing State calendar 1850 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1849, p. 271.
  26. ↑ Grosherzoglich Meklenburg-Schwerin shearing State calendar 1850 , Schwerin in Mecklenburg: Hofbuchdruckerei, 1849, p. 273.
  27. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 3. Reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  28. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 96. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  29. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all the localities of the German federal states : 2 departments with 2 volumes each, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, Second Department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 106. Reprinted: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  30. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 212. Reprinted: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  31. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 340. Reprinted: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  32. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 355. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  33. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 420. Reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  34. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 431. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  35. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 537. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  36. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 597. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  37. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 638. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  38. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 652. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .
  39. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch, newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states : 2 departments, Naumburg an der Saale: Zimmermann, 1843 and 1845, second department (1845): Vol. 2, p. 653. As reprint: ISBN 3-487-29949-6 .