Strelitz-Alt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Strelitz-Alt
City of Neustrelitz
Coordinates: 53 ° 19 ′ 52 ″  N , 13 ° 5 ′ 50 ″  E
Incorporation : 1931
Postal code : 17235
Area code : 03981
Altstrelitz water tower
Altstrelitz water tower

Strelitz-Alt (popularly also known as Altstrelitz ) is a district of Neustrelitz with around 3500 inhabitants. The district was from 1349 to 1931 under the city name Strelitz an independent Mecklenburg country town and from 1701 to 1712 the main residence of the dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . Strelitz was incorporated in 1931 and has been officially called Strelitz-Alt since 1994. The Altstrelitz water tower , visible from afar , is the landmark of the district today. In 2015 Altstrelitz celebrated the 666th year of the city's foundation.

geography

Water bird station at Tiefen Trebbower See

Strelitz-Alt is located in the Mecklenburg Lake District, surrounded by numerous lakes and forests, embedded in a landscape shaped by the Ice Age . The adjacent nature reserve Kalkhorst offers a number of animals and plants a secure habitat. The nearby ornithological station at Tiefen Trebower See allows you to observe numerous water bird species. The Domjüchsee is ideal for swimming and fishing . The Altstrelitz bathing establishment used to be located in the area of ​​today's bathing area . Domjüchsee and Tiefer Trebbower See are connected by the Stendlitz . The stream used to supply the Domjüchmühle, the castle moat and the inland mill with water. The Bürgerhorst lies between Strelitz-Alt and Neustrelitz . The rifle festival used to take place on a fairground in this deciduous forest .

White storks find plenty of food in the swampy Altstrelitz meadows . For this reason, an artificial nest was built in 1976 on a company site in Carl-Meier Strasse as a nesting opportunity for these birds. Until the storks fly to their winter quarters in Africa in the second half of August, it is z. It is currently possible to take a look at the stork's nest directly from a tower built next to the stork's nest or from the café on the Alex via webcam.

history

Surname

The place name Strelitz is already documented in 1278, 1316, 1399, 1569 and in the spelling Streliz 1329, Streltz 1349, Streltza 1350, Streltze 1387, Strelytze 1389, Strelisse 1389, Strelitze 1395. It goes back to the old Slavic Strělci (shooter) and was possibly the name of a service settlement, as it existed several times in the Middle Ages in East Central Europe. The place name means "place of (bow) shooters" or "place where the shooters live". In 1733, in a rescript from the ruling Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to the Strelitz council, the city was renamed for the first time. In this letter, Adolf Friedrich III. among other things the hope that the "place will grow in such a way that in time Neuen-Strelitz will be combined with Alten-Strelitz". In fact, the foundation and expansion of Neustrelitz caused the decline of Strelitz. On September 10, 1931, it was incorporated into Neustrelitz. Soon after Neustrelitz was founded (1733), Strelitz also became Altstrelitz to distinguish it . called. The train station was already known as Strelitz Alt (without hyphen) at the end of the 19th century . Strelitz was also called Neustrelitz-Strelitz , Strelitz (Alt) or Strelitz-Alt , but was never renamed. It was not until 1994 that today's Neustrelitz district received the official name Strelitz-Alt .

Slavic settlement

Many place names and the name Strelitz still indicate an early Slavic settlement of the area between the Oder and Elbe . On Strelitzer ground for the settled Liutizenbund belonging Redarier . It has been reported that a Slavic castle stood here in the protection of the surrounding water and swamp areas. Settlement remains have not yet been found.

In 1147, Saxon, Danish and Polish princes led the Wendekreuzzug against the Liutizen, who had been independent until then. As a result, the Liutizian lands were divided between the duchies of Pomerania (South Western Pomerania ) and Mecklenburg (eastern part) as well as the Mark Brandenburg (northern part) and thus incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire . The Slavic population, which had already been decimated by many years of war, was Christianized and assimilated in the course of increasing German settlement .

Strelitz becomes a city

Map of Mecklenburg around 1300
Otto von Dewitz as Count von Fürstenberg ( Reitersiegel , 1349)
Altstrelitz town seal from 1353
Plan of the castle and town of Strelitz (1786). Plan of the inner city based on a design from 1619.

In 1278 Strelitz - at that time still a village in the Stargard region  - was first mentioned in a document. Around 1300 the state came to Mecklenburg as a Brandenburg fief . As a result of inheritance disputes, it was attacked by the Brandenburg Margrave Waldemar in 1315 during the North German Margrave War (1308-1317) . He besieged the city of Woldegk (1315/16) and, after an unsuccessful siege, moved against Neubrandenburg to provide the Mecklenburg prince Heinrich II . Heinrich - also called the lion - did not want to be trapped here, so he positioned his armed force between Strelitz and Fürstensee and occupied the Mühlenberg. In 1316 the "Battle of the Domjüch " took place . “But the most terrible and bloodiest of all was the battle on the path dividing the lakes,” wrote the historian Karl Friedrich von Klöden . In conclusion he remarked: “The number of prisoners as well as the dead was very large, and the battle for the Brandenburgers was lost. This must have happened in the last half of February. ” As a result of peace negotiations between the King of Denmark, Heinrich II. Of Mecklenburg and the Brandenburgers, the Margraves Waldemar and Johann von Brandenburg had to pledge their Strelitz castle in 1316. Heinrich II finally defeated Waldemar in the Battle of Gransee in August 1316 and was awarded Stargard as a Brandenburg fief with the Peace of Templin (November 25, 1317) .

1328 were Otto and Ulrich von Dewitz  - for their services - the educator and consultant of Henry II. With "Hus and village Strelitz" invested . In addition there was a rich Feldmark , the three villages Buristorpe , Cavelsbroke (Cobelbrok) and Domjuche (Domjüch), as well as the small country Ahrensberghe (Ahrensberg) , which were lost in the march feuds . The Strelitz Castle was owned by Otto von Dewitz in 1328.

Heinrich II died in 1329. His sons Albrecht II and Johann zu Mecklenburg now shared rulership in Mecklenburg. The Land of Stargard - in it "hus unde dorpp" Strelitz - was given to the two princes as a fief by the Brandenburg margrave Ludwig . The feudal dependence on the Brandenburg margraves ended in 1347 with the elevation of the Stargard rule to an imperial fiefdom by the Roman-German king and later Emperor Charles IV and the award to the Mecklenburg princes.

In 1348 the county of Fürstenberg was founded and Otto and Ulrich von Dewitz were enfeoffed with it. As followers of the Mecklenburg princes, they were raised to counts by Emperor Charles IV . The brothers Dewitz - now Count von Furstenberg - joined the newly formed county Strelitz and gave the place on 4 December 1349, the city charter . The city was granted "Neubrandenburger Stadtrecht" . In 1248 Neubrandenburg had received Brandenburg town charter, which was derived from Magdeburg law in the Mark Brandenburg, Pomerania and southern Mecklenburg . A number of other privileges and rights of use for various lands were associated with the granting of city rights. Strelitz was awarded the Domjüch , Buristorpe and Cobelbrok field brands .

The town seal from 1353 bears the Latin inscription: “S (igillum). Burgensium opidi Strelitz ” . The city coat of arms shown was based on the coat of arms of the Counts of Fürstenberg and the coat of arms of the Lords of Dewitz . The diamonds come from the former , the lidded cups from the latter . Both images are connected in a split shield . Over time, the city seal was changed. Half the cup was left out and the diamonds were replaced by two flags. The city seal was now slightly oval in shape and carried the inscription: "Sigillum Citivatis Strelitz". In the 18th and 19th centuries, official copies were stamped with "Stadt Strelitz".

Around 1400 Strelitz became a sovereign property and the seat of a ducal bailiff . In the period that followed, the Strelitz office was used to apanage non-ruling members of the Mecklenburg Princely House. In 1505, 26 localities were obliged to provide the Strelitz office with leases, taxes and services.

Country town in Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1701–1931)

Mecklenburg after the third major division of Mecklenburg
Strelitz market square in 1924. On the left, the Marienkirche and the town hall with a flight of stairs.

On March 8, 1701, as a result of the Hamburg settlement, the third Mecklenburg main state division took place . The partial duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz emerged. The first regent of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Adolf Friedrich II , chose the city of Strelitz as the main residence and capital of his part of the country , in the immediate vicinity of which the trade routes from Wesenberg to Woldegk and from Fürstenberg to Neubrandenburg crossed. The Duke had his residence, an old moated castle on the outskirts of the city, converted into a residential palace.

On the night of October 24th to 25th, 1712, the Strelitzer Residenzschloss and almost all of the outbuildings burned down. Since the location of the burnt down castle was unsuitable for a contemporary baroque new building and the Strelitz citizens  refused manual and clamping services, the Glieneke hunting lodge, only a few kilometers away from Strelitz, was converted into a new ducal residence palace from 1726 to 1731 . Adolf Friedrich III settled in the immediate vicinity . initially his courtiers and the administrative authorities of the country and founded the city of Neustrelitz in 1733.

In 1805, the Altstrelitz prison was built on the site of the burned down castle as a "farmhouse, breeding and madhouse" . In 2001 it was closed. The “administration building of the prison” and the “detention house I with extension” are now under monument protection .

In 1815 Mecklenburg-Strelitz was divided into administrative districts, offices and free cities. The city of Strelitz was one of the free cities with special rights .

During the revolution of 1848 it was an important center of the liberal reform movement. Although Strelitz - unlike Neustrelitz - was represented as a Mecklenburg country town in the Stargardian district until 1918 at the state assemblies of the state estates united in 1523 , it lost increasingly economic and political importance due to the rise of Neustrelitz from the middle of the 18th century. 1931 was based on a decree the incorporation , in the years of the Great Depression heavily indebted (1927-1928) City, to Neustrelitz.

In 1925 the city had 4817 inhabitants.

Neustrelitz district since 1931

The history of Strelitz since the incorporation is part of the Neustrelitz town history . An exception to this is the period from 1945 to 1946 in the Soviet occupation zone under local self-government .

Period of National Socialism (1933 to 1945)

Memorial site for the Altstrelitz Jews on Alexanderplatz.

During the period of National Socialism , the Strelitz Jews were also exposed to increasing discrimination and National Socialist terror . The Strelitz synagogue was destroyed by arson during the November pogroms in 1938 and many Jews - also from other places and the surrounding area - were temporarily brought to the Altstrelitz prison .

An eyewitness from Altstrelitz reports on the time after the Reichspogromnacht : “In those terrible days for the Jewish people, Ms. Lewinsky and her daughter hanged themselves by the stove in the living room, they had a small soap shop across from us. The Wolfsohn family, who had a coal shop on Alex, were thrown out of the house, they had to move into a small apartment and the local group leader moved into the house. The master tailor Selsky was very lucky, he was able to leave Germany with his wife and son Alex in 1934 and emigrate to Palestine. One could still tell about many Jewish people. One day the Jews who were still in Strelitz Alt stood at the market with a small suitcase or box and got on a bus. It is not known where they were taken. "

Like all German Jews, the Strelitz Jews were marginalized, expelled, deported and finally murdered by the National Socialists . Many committed out of fear and despair suicide . In 1946 only two Jewish citizens lived in Altstrelitz.

A two meter high stele, unveiled on November 10, 2013, commemorates the 40 Altstrelitzers who were murdered or driven to death during the Holocaust . It stands on the memorial for the Altstrelitz Jews next to the memorial stone for the Altstrelitz synagogue that was destroyed in 1938.

The memorial on the former Altstrelitz Jewish cemetery commemorates important Jews such as Rabbi Dr. Jacob Hamburger , the scholar and teacher Dr. Daniel Sanders and the Wolfsohn family.

Local self-government (1945–1946)

Former Strelitzer Markt in 2011.

In April 1945 - shortly before the end of the Second World War  - the historic core of Altstrelitz was almost completely destroyed by arson after heavy fighting, including the Marienkirche and the town hall of the former city. A few buildings have been preserved. The Marienkirche and the town hall were not rebuilt; Instead, residential buildings were built on the land.

The Allies first created municipal administrations capable of acting and then proceeded to develop municipalities and states. Strelitz was again an independent town (1945-1946). Wilhelm Stolte was appointed by the Soviet commandant as local representative, later mayor.

The local self-government of Strelitz was lifted again by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) when the Strelitz city council demanded the transfer back of the land that belonged to the city of Strelitz until 1931 from the city of Neustrelitz. The rebuilding of destroyed houses was forbidden to the Strelitz owners, which can still be seen in the streets there today.

Development of the district (1945 to today)

In May 1945 the Soviet NKVD took over the Altstrelitz Prison, which had existed since the beginning of the 18th century, as Prison No. 5 Strelitz of the special camp department . The prison came back into German hands in 1947 and was used as a correctional facility (JVA) until it was closed in 2001 .

From 1983 to 1989, the 229th missile department of the 152nd Guards Missile Brigade from the group of the Soviet Armed Forces in Germany (GSSD, from 1989 WGT) was stationed on the site of the former Domjüch sanatorium ( ⊙ ) . The 66th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment , also stationed here, was withdrawn in 1993 under the Two-Plus-Four Treaty .

In 1991 the Strelitz-Alt technical center - officially called the Neustrelitz Engineering School - was relocated to Neubrandenburg and incorporated into the Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences .

The district has been officially called Strelitz-Alt since 1994 .

The Altstrelitz prison used as a correctional facility - Neustrelitz JVA - was closed in 2001 and the new Neustrelitz juvenile prison on Wesenberger Chaussee began operations.

politics

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the former city of Strelitz-Alt
 Blazon : “Split; in front in red a whole and underneath at the gap a half golden lidded cup, at the back of red and gold roughened so that three half red diamonds appear one below the other at the gap and a fourth half red diamond in the middle on the left edge of the shield. "
Foundation of the coat of arms: In 1329 the castle and town of Strelitz came from the Margraves of Brandenburg to the Princes of Mecklenburg. In 1349 they enfeoffed the lords of Dewitz with the offices of Strelitz and Fürstenberg, who were raised to Count von Fürstenberg by Emperor Charles IV at that time. They gave the place city rights and a coat of arms pushed together from the half shields of Dewitz (2: 1 cup) and von Fürstenberg (1: 3: 1 lozenges).

Attractions

→ See also the list of architectural monuments in Strelitz-Alt

  • The water tower , built on a hill on Fürstenberger Straße, was put into operation in 1907 after four years of construction. The water was pumped from deep wells into the boiler anchored on a concrete ceiling. The drop height of 40.4 meters and a maximum storage capacity of 140 cubic meters ensured a constant water pressure of 3 bar in the entire pipe network. Because the storage capacity was no longer sufficient, the Kiefernheide pressure station with the associated clean water tanks had to secure the drinking water supply from 1978/79. The tower was restored until 1997. Since it is located in a drinking water protection zone, however, only sensitive use as a technical monument is possible.
Former Technikum Strelitz (side view from the southwest)
  • The Strelitz technical center was opened on March 12, 1890. The architect Max Hittenkofer (the elder) had founded the polytechnic in Buxtehude in 1875, later relocated it to Strelitz with the consent of Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm II (1819–1904) and reopened it as a "teaching institution for building and related trades" . In 1891 the school building built on behalf of the city of Strelitz was inaugurated. The plans for this came from Hittenkofer himself, who was the director of this school until 1899. The extension was completed on October 21, 1892 after Hittenkofer had bought the school building and acquired land. The school and administration building followed as an extension in 1893 and the directorate building in 1895. The number of domestic and foreign students grew from 425 to 1685 between 1891 and 1910. The fame of this educational institution soon spread all over the world. Today the building is the seat of the administration of Stadtwerke Neustrelitz, the Strelitz-Alt branch of Sparkasse Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a pharmacy.
  • Detention house I with extension and administration building of the Altstrelitz prison
  • Former Imperial Post Office
  • Former train station with goods handling building
  • Fire station in Schulstrasse

Lost structures

Buildings on serial tickets

The serial tickets for the town of Strelitz from 1921 show the town church, the town hall and one of the three gatehouses .

  • 50 Pfennig voucher for the city of Strelitz from 1921, front. In the middle the historical coat of arms.

  • 25 Pfennig voucher for the city of Strelitz from 1921, front side

  • The 50-pfennig note shows the town hall with a flight of stairs (built in 1791) and the church of St. Mary on the left side of the market square . built 1724–1730 by Julius Löwe . On May 1, 1945, both buildings were destroyed by fire. The city ​​coat of arms is also shown . It's split. The diamonds come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Fürstenberg, the golden goblets with lids on a red background from the coat of arms of the von Dewitz family .
  • The 25-pfennig note shows the Neubrandenburg gate house . There was also the Wesenberger Torhaus and the Fürstenberger Torhaus. The gatehouses were built on the then arterial roads on the basis of the state road reform and internal customs regulations of 1877. The transverse plastered half-timbered buildings were the official residence and mostly also the home of the gatekeeper. Every passing rider and car had to pay the gate fee to the gatekeeper. The excise was also collected at the gate . In 1869 the gatehouses lost their function with the fall of internal controls. Since the gates became traffic obstacles, they had to be demolished later (Fürstenberger Torhaus 1871, Wesenberger Torhaus 1905).

Strelitz synagogue

Location of the former synagogue on Alexanderplatz

The Strelitz Synagogue , formerly also known colloquially as the Jewish Church, was inaugurated on September 5, 1763 in the presence of Adolf Friedrich IV. - the ruling Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz since 1752. Their location was in a set-back position on a property at today's Alexanderplatz . The synagogue in Strelitz served the Jewish (regional) community as a religious meeting place. Services were held with choral singing and organ playing in accordance with the rites of Reform Judaism that arose in the 19th century . In 1847 the synagogue was renovated and re-consecrated for the first time. From 1860 to 1911 the chief rabbi Jacob Hamburger worked here .

During the November pogroms on November 10, 1938, the synagogue was destroyed by arson by the National Socialists . With reference to the 1938 decree on the Jewish property tax signed by Hermann Göring , the Neustrelitz city administration - which only had nine members - to immediately remedy the damage that had occurred during the Reichspogromnacht. Since this was not able to do this, the city administration ordered the demolition of the destroyed synagogue. The costs were to be borne by the parishioners who were unable to do so. An arrest warrant was then issued. A wrought iron fence from 1913 and a memorial place remind of the synagogue.

At the memorial stone in memory of the synagogue, residents of the city remembered the pogrom night of 1938 on November 9, 2017 and commemorated the Jewish victims of National Socialism.

Jewish community

Memorial stone in memory of the Strelizer synagogue

After the Sternberg host-abuse trial (1492) and the subsequent expulsion of all Jews from Mecklenburg, Jewish communities outside Mecklenburg assigned the Cherem to all Jews who would have wanted to settle in Mecklenburg . It was not until the beginning of the 18th century that the Cherem had lost its effectiveness that Jews settled again in both Mecklenburgs.

But in order to be able to work and live there, they had to place themselves under the protection of the sovereign. In 1704 Adolf Friedrich II ruled the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Only this was entitled to allow the Jews to settle in the form of a letter of protection . These Jews were officially called Schutzjuden and had to pay protection money for their families every year . In addition to the right of residence in the designated places, the rights documented to them included the right to marry one another, to keep Jewish servants, to practice their religion and to do business. They were forbidden from acquiring real estate and practicing a trade according to the guild .

After the castle fire of 1712, the conversion and expansion of the small hunting lodge in the Glienke dairy into a residential castle for the town of Neustrelitz, which was then founded in 1733, was managed by Duke Adolf Friedrich III , who had ruled since 1708 . finance only through money that the court Jew Jakob Isaak, among others, procured for him. With the Duke's permission, the Strelitz Jews soon formed the Strelitz Israelite Community . This became the largest Jewish community in both Mecklenburg. In 1728 the community laid out the Altstrelitz Jewish cemetery as a necessary burial site. The inauguration of the Strelitz synagogue as a meeting house took place on September 5, 1763 in the presence of Duke Adolf Friedrich IV, who had ruled since 1752 . On February 24, 1768, the duke confirmed the statutes of the Israelite community in Strelitz .

Completely different from Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the entire Jewish life in Mecklenburg focused on Strelitz for almost two centuries. Around 1820 Altstrelitz had 2,386 inhabitants, including 473 Jews. The Neustrelitz historian Harald Witzke wrote about the development of the Jewish community in the town of Strelitz, which was independent until 1931: “In 1760 60 Jewish families (about 420 people) lived in Altstrelitz, around 1800 the Jewish community in the entire territory of Stargard had 600 people. Their number remained relatively constant until 1830, after which the community continued to shrink. Altstrelitz is the center of the Jewish community of the entire duchy. The Strelitz council of elders forms the board for the whole country. "

The Jews did not live in a ghetto as in other cities , but were spread across the entire city area. Strelitz was considered the westernmost Stetl and was popularly known as Oll Mochum . The name Oll Mochum  - in the German equivalent "old place" - was derived from the Hebrew word "Makom" (place, city) and the Low German word "oll" (old). Local researcher and contemporary witness Klaus Giese wrote about this in a series of articles published in Nordkurier on the occasion of the 650th anniversary of the founding of the city of Strelitz under the heading "Known as Oll Mochum":

“Due to the very high proportion of the Jewish population since 1733, it is not surprising that many Yiddish words and phrases flowed into the colloquial language of the Altstrelitzers and remained alive into the 20th century. The mixture of Low German and Yiddish, as used primarily by traders, was of great originality. It is no coincidence that the mock name Oll Mochum was used for Strelitz (= Altstrelitz) throughout the country and is still in use until now (Mochum = hometown). On the other hand, our Low German was also used in the everyday language of the trade Jews. "

- Klaus Giese (1998)

At the end of the 19th century, the number of Jews fell to around 100 due to emigration. With effect from January 21, 1914, the Strelitz community and the other Jewish communities in the Grand Duchy were merged to form the state-wide Jewish community of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz with its seat in Neubrandenburg, which from then on is the only Jewish community in Mecklenburg-Strelitz and is responsible for all Jews living here was. For Strelitz this ended the central role of Jewish life in Mecklenburg-Strelitz, into which the city had grown since the 18th century.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Carl Born, businessman, councilor of commerce
  • Carl Siewert († 1899), founder of the Carl Siewert Foundation
  • Daniel Sanders (1819–1897), philologist, educator
  • Friedrich Krüger (1819–1896), businessman, senator, councilor of commerce
  • Julius Kohrt (1833–1907), senator, bailiff
  • Carl Stammer († 1898), master baker, citizen
  • Max Hittenkofer the Younger (1876–), director of the technical center , successor to his father
  • Georg Maaß († 1932), city councilor, city councilor

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Egmont von Chasot (1716–1797), owner of the (later) town of Marly
  • Karl Petermann (1807–1866), lawyer, city judge
  • Eduard Nauwerck (1809–1868), lawyer, mayor
  • Jacob Hamburger (1826–1911), rabbi
  • Max Hittenkofer (the elder) (1844–1899), founding director of the technical center after it was re-established in Strelitz
  • Hans Fallada (1893–1947), writer, was imprisoned here in 1944
  • Carl Serger († 1913), head of the institution and doctor at the Domjüch state insane asylum (1902–1913)
  • Hermann Starke, head of the institution and doctor at the Domjüch state insane asylum (1913–1935)

traffic

The station Strelitz Alt was on the railway line Berlin-Stralsund and was closed 1995th

Literature and Sources

Web links

Commons : Strelitz-Alt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ The castle fire of 1712 ended the princely court in Strelitz.
  2. ^ Gustav-Adolf Strasen: Our cities. In: Home book of the Neustrelitz district. 1954, pp. 114-125.
  3. ↑ a b c In future it will be called Strelitz-Alt. In: Official Gazette of the City of Neustrelitz. 94/03, February 9, 1994.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Publisher supplement: 650 years Strelitz-Alt. In: Nordkurier. 1999.
  5. ↑ Official homepage of the city of Neustrelitz → 666 years: Strelitz lights up , accessed on August 13, 2015.
  6. ↑ Klaus Giese: Strelitz before the 650th anniversary, (8). In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. 1998.
  7. ↑ Homepage “Altstrelitzer Kulturstammtisch” , accessed on August 13, 2015.
  8. ^ German book of place names. Edited by Manfred Niemeyer. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, p. 448.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Gustav-Adolf Strasen: Our cities. In: Home book of the Neustrelitz district. 1953, pp. 114-125.
  10. ↑ a b Julius Bilek: The Slavic place names of the Neustrelitz district. In: Home book of the Neustrelitz district. 1953, p. 79.
  11. ↑ a b Annalize Wagner: How the Glienke dairy became the town of Neustrelitz. In: Series of publications of the Karbe-Wagner archive, issue 2, from the old Neustrelitz. 1968, pp. 6-7.
  12. ↑ a b L. Lose: An important day in history. In: Free Earth. An important day in the city's history. 1983.
  13. ↑ A process typical of the time: Stettin was also called "Altstettin" to distinguish between Neustettin and Brandenburg (Havel) to distinguish it from Neubrandenburg "Alt (en) brandenburg" .
  14. ↑ cf. Werner Lexow: The railway did not reach Neustrelitz until 1877. In: Free Earth. From the history of railway construction in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 1983.
  15. ↑ Mario Tumm: The hyphen now belongs to Strelitz-Alt. In: Nordkurier. 1994.
  16. ↑ EB / Gerlinde Kienitz: Stargard came to Mecklenburg as a fief. In: Nordkurier, In the history of the Strelitzer country leafed through (2). → with reference to Adam von Bremen : Episcopal history of the Hamburg Church .
  17. ↑ a b Gerlinde Kienitz: From the city history. In: Neustrelitz – A guided tour through the city. Ed .: Museum der Stadt Neustrelitz, Neustrelitz, p. 4.
  18. ↑ a b L. Wegner: "Family history of the von Dewitz". Naugard 1868, p. 42 f. ( Digital copy, Scan 55, Fig.3 ).
  19. ↑ a b Gerlinde Kienitz: From the city history. In: Neustrelitz - A guided tour through the city. Ed .: Museum der Stadt Neustrelitz, Neustrelitz 1985, p. 4.
  20. ^ A b Franz Christian Boll : Heinrich von Mecklenburg in possession of the Land Stargard with Lychen and Wesenberg. The Wittmannsdorf Treaty. In: History of the Land of Stargard up to 1471. Volume 1, Neustrelitz 1846, pp. 123–129. (Digitized version)
  21. ↑ a b c d Walter Karbe , Walter Gotsmann: The battle of the Domjüch. In: Strelitzer Allerlei. From beautiful Neustrelitz. Buchhandlung Otto Wagner, Neustrelitz 1938, [Reprint: Druckerei Lorrenz, Neustrelitz 1991, Ed .: Karbe-Wagner-Archiv , p. 32. → with reference to the historian Karl Friedrich von Klöden  : Battle of the Domjüch In: History of the Margrave Waldemar . the rhyming chronicle of Ernst von Kirchberg on Krümel and the Schmettausche card.
  22. ^ A b Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : The battle at Gransee in 1316. In: Year books of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. Volume 11, Schwerin 1846, pp. 216-220. (Digitized version)
  23. ↑ Annett Wieking: Things worth preserving in Strelitz-Alt. In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. Series: Monuments in Mecklenburg-Strelitz (15). Neustrelitz October 29, 1997, p. 14. → with reference to a contract of 1316.
  24. ↑ EB / Gerlinde Kienitz: Stargard came to Mecklenburg as a fief. In: Nordkurier. Leafed through the history of the Strelitzer Land (2).
  25. ↑ Reiner Szczesiak: The lower nobility of the country Stargard from the 13th to the 16th century. In: Mecklenburg – Strelitz, contributions to the history of a region. Volume 2. Friedland / Meckl 2002, ISBN 3-9807532-7-1 , p. 36 ff.
  26. ↑ a b c d Annalize Wagner , E. Lubs: Geschichtliches von Alt-Strelitz In: Neustrelitzer Stadtführer , ed. Rat der Stadt Neustrelitz, cover and drawings Gerd Gombert , Neustrelitz, 1965, p. 6.
  27. ^ Klaus Giese: Arnsberg Castle brings lengthy feud. In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. Strelitz before the 650th anniversary (19). Neustrelitz 1998.
  28. ^ Hermann Krabbo : The transition of the state of Stargard from Brandenburg to Mecklenburg. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 91 (1927), p. 17. ( digitized version )
  29. ^ Ludwig Wegner: Family history of the von Dewitz. Volume 1 [no longer published]. Naugard, 1868. ( digitized version ): digitized version , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek p. 38 (MDZ reader: Scan 50).
  30. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, 786-1900, Volume 10. (digitized) MUB No. 7016, p. 330 ("Otto and Ulrich, Counts von Fürstenberg, place (Alt-) Strelitz on city rights").
  31. ^ Gerlinde Kienitz: Strelitz. The first residential city. In: Neustrelitz 1733–1983. Ed .: Museum der Stadt Neustrelitz, Neustrelitz 1983, p. 10. → with reference to: Certificate on the award of town charter. Neustrelitz City Archives, V US 1.
  32. ↑ "hus unde city" Strelitz are already in 1348 as part of the county Furstenberg was officially recorded
  33. ↑ MUB, No. 7016: "in desseme ieghenwardighen breue Brandeborghessces rights [...], dat scolen se halen vnde soken tu Nyen Brandeborgh, dat by Olden Stargarde lycht" .
  34. ↑ a b Walter Karbe ; Walter Gotsmann: Strelitz and the historians. In: Strelitzer Allerlei. From beautiful Neustrelitz. Buchhandlung Otto Wagner, Neustrelitz 1938, p. 11, publisher. Reprint Karbe-Wagner-Archiv , Neustrelitz 1991. → with reference to the ducal archivist Chemnitz († 1687) In: Mecklenburgische Chronik.
  35. ^ Council Siemssen: The old Strelitzer city seal, From the city archive, Strelitz 1812. In: Mecklenburg-Strelitzer Calendar 1999, A year book, Ed .: Freundeskreis des Karbe-Wagner-Archivs e. V., Neustrelitz 1999, p. 5. (The seal itself is kept in the Neustrelitz City Museum.)
  36. ↑ Harald Witzke: Shared for the third time. In: Nordkurier. Heimatkurier, March 6, 2001.
  37. ↑ Erwin Schulz: friars are very generous. In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer Zeitung, 300 years of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1), Neustrelitz, October 14, 2000.
  38. ↑ Reiner Petrzak: Short history excursion to Oll Mochum. In: Nordkurier. Neustrelitz
  39. ↑ JA Neustrelitz: Chronicle of JA Neustrelitz ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ja-neustrelitz.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , March 30, 2011.
  40. ↑ Harald Lachmann: Financially strong lovers of monuments wanted. In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper.
  41. ↑ Internet editorial office of the Mecklenburg-Strelitz district: List of monuments (as of June 1997) mecklenburg-strelitz.de (PDF, April 19, 2011).
  42. ↑ a b Watched the fire speechless with horror, eyewitnesses of the synagogue fire remember. In: Nordkurier. Neustrelitz, with reference to the writing of the contemporary witness Ursula Kreienbring from Strelitz-Alt.
  43. ↑ a b Susanne Böhm: Track leads "into the heads". ( online ( memento of the original from January 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) In: Nordkurier / Strelitzer Zeitung from 11 November 2013 (accessed January 10, 2014) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.altstrelitz.net
  44. ^ Klaus Giese: Alt-Strelitz. In: Irene Diekmann: Guide through the Jewish Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Potsdam 1998, pp. 51-66.
  45. ↑ leaflet for the anniversary: 650 years Strelitz-Alt, 1349-1999. Ed .: City of Neustrelitz. Neubrandenburg 1999.
  46. ↑ I. Kennke, p Kattige: streets of our city - Who was William Stolte? In: Free Earth. Neustrelitz July 1984.
  47. ^ Short chronicle of the 152nd Guards Missile Brigade. In: Website [www.peterhall.de], accessed on March 23, 2018.
  48. ^ Prof. Otto Hupp: German coat of arms Mecklenburg-Strelitz . Ed .: Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft Bremen.
  49. ↑ msb: water tower restored. In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. August 24, 1997.
  50. ↑ a b EB / G. Kienitz: Graduates spread fame all over the world. In: Nordkurier. Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the 20th century. Neustrelitz 1999.
  51. ↑ Gerlinde Kienitz: Graduates spread fame all over the world In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. Neustrelitz, July 1999 ( Mecklenburg-Strelitz series in the 20th century ).
  52. ^ Klaus Giese: Strelitz before the 650th anniversary (34). In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. 1998.
  53. ↑ Klaus Giese: Strelitz before the 650th anniversary, (53). In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. 1999.
  54. ↑ From the city archive: The old Strelitzer city seal. In: Mecklenburg-Strelitz calendar. 1999, p. 5.
  55. ^ Klaus Giese: Strelitz before the 650th anniversary (1). In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper. 1998.
  56. ↑ Annalize Wagner: From the life of a scorer. In: Series of publications of the Karbe-Wagner archive, issue 2, from the old Neustrelitz. 1968, p. 16.
  57. ↑ a b c d e Harald Witzke: The synagogue at Strelitz In: Mecklenburg-Strelitzer calendar 1999. A yearbook. Ed .: Circle of Friends of the Karbe-Wagner-Archiv e. V. Neustrelitz, 1998.
  58. ↑ Basic information in: Synagogen-Internet-Archiv (March 23, 2012)
  59. ^ Klaus Giese: With the synagogue a whole culture burned. In: Nordkurier, Strelitz before the 650th anniversary (44).
  60. ↑ As of April 24, 1938.
  61. ↑ Newspaper clipping under the heading: Barbaric Pressure. with a copy of a photo from the synagogue.
  62. ↑ Memorial hour at the Synagogenstein in Strelitz-Alt. Strelitzer Echo - Official notice of the city of Neustrelitz, issue 23 from November 25, 2017.
  63. ^ Heinz Hirsch: Traces of Jewish Life in Mecklenburg. In: History series Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, published by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Landesbüro Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, No. 4. Schwerin 2006, p. 12f. ( Digital copy , PDF 5.7 MB)
  64. ↑ Jürgen Borchert: Dr. Donath's "History of the Jews". In: The other part of the card box. Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1988, ISBN 3-356-00149-3 , pp. 81-83 with reference to Dr. Ludwig Donath: History of the Jews in Mecklenburg. Leipzig 1874.
  65. ↑ Harald Witzke: The first Jewish families in Strelitz. In: Free Earth. Neustrelitz, 07/1988.
  66. ↑ a b c d Klaus Giese: Alt-Strelitz. In: I. Diekmann: Guide through the Jewish Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Potsdam 1998, pp. 51-66
  67. ↑ Jewish cemeteries in Neustrelitz (MST) In: Website of the Alemannia Judaica (working group for research into the history of Jews in southern Germany and neighboring areas)
  68. ↑ Harald Witzke: The synagogue at Strelitz. In: Mecklenburg-Strelitz calendar. Neustrelitz 1999, p. 37.
  69. ^ Basic information in: Synagogen-Internet-Archiv , accessed on March 23, 2012.
  70. ↑ Renate Penßel, Jewish religious communities as corporations under public law: from 1800 to 1919 , Cologne, Weimar and Vienna: Böhlau, 2014, (= research on church legal history and church law; vol. 33), p. 373. ISBN 3-412 -22231-3 , ISBN 978-3-412-22231-4 ; zugl .: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-Univ., Diss., 2012 udT: Renate Penßel, 'Jewish religious communities as corporations under public law: a legal historical investigation from the beginning of the 19th century until the Weimar Constitution came into force'.
  71. ^ Annalize Wagner , E. Lubs: Geschichtliches von Alt-Strelitz In: Neustrelitzer city guide. Ed. Council of the City of Neustrelitz, cover and drawings Gerd Gombert , Neustrelitz, 1965, p. 8.
  72. ↑ The number of 600 people is too high for Strelitz-Alt and cannot be substantiated, rather it relates to the entire Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
  73. ↑ Harald Witzke: In 1760, 60 Jewish families lived in Altstrelitz. In: Free Earth. Neustrelitz, 07/1988. Note : The material on the history of the Strelitz Jews was compiled by the research associate of the Karbe-Wagner Archive Neustrelitz, Harald Witzke, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Reichspogromnacht . For editorial reasons, only an abridged version appeared in the newspaper. The complete version can be viewed in the Karbe-Wagner archive. (According to the editor's note at the beginning of the article).
  74. ^ Walter Karbe , Walter Gotsmann : Strelitz and the historians. In: Strelitzer Allerlei. From beautiful Neustrelitz. Buchhandlung Otto Wagner, Neustrelitz 1938, p. 11, reprint: Druckerei Lorrenz, Neustrelitz 1991, publisher: Karbe-Wagner-Archiv Neustrelitz. → with reference to Helene von Krause: Altstrelitz. In: Under the Wendish crown. Berlin 1912.
  75. ^ A b Klaus Giese: Eduard J. Wolfsohn stayed and toiled as a dock worker. Series: Strelitz before the 650th anniversary (43) , In: Nordkurier , November 28, 1998 (section: "Known as Oll Mochum").
  76. ↑ Renate Penßel, Jewish religious communities as corporations under public law: from 1800 to 1919 , Cologne, Weimar and Vienna: Böhlau, 2014, (= research on church legal history and church law; vol. 33), p. 379. ISBN 3-412 -22231-3 , ISBN 978-3-412-22231-4 ; zugl .: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-Univ., Diss., 2012 udT: Renate Penßel, 'Jewish religious communities as corporations under public law: a legal historical investigation from the beginning of the 19th century until the Weimar Constitution came into force'.
  77. ↑ See ordinance of January 21, 1914, regarding the organization and legal status of the Jewish community in the Duchy of Strelitz. In: Großherzoglich Meckl.-Strelitzscher Official Anzeiger 1914 (February 6), No. 12, pp. 101-109.
  78. ^ Sabine Bock : Stately houses on the estates and domains in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Architecture and history. (= Contributions to the history of architecture and monument preservation, 7.1–3), Thomas Helms Verlag Schwerin 2008, ISBN 978-3-935749-05-3 , Volume 2, pp. 592-594.