Hans Fallada

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eoplauen : Hans Fallada (1943)

Hans Fallada , actually Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich Ditzen (born July 21, 1893 in Greifswald , † February 5, 1947 in Berlin ), was a German writer .

Rudolf Ditzen already used the pseudonym Hans Fallada in his first novel The Young Goedeschal , published in 1920 . It was based on two fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm . The first name refers to the protagonist of Hans im Glück and the surname to the speaking horse Falada from The Goose Girl : The severed head of the horse proclaims the truth until the betrayed princess gets her right.

Fallada turned to socially critical issues in 1931 at the latest with farmers, bigwigs and bombs . From then on, an objective, sober style, vivid environment studies and convincing character drawings shaped his works. The world success Little Man - what now? , which deals with the social decline of an employee at the end of the Weimar Republic , as well as the later works Wolf unter Wölfen , Everyone dies for himself and the posthumously published novel The Drinker are attributed to the so-called New Objectivity .

life and work

Childhood and school days

Rudolf Ditzen was born in the Pomeranian university town of Greifswald as the third child of district judge Wilhelm Ditzen (1852–1937) and his wife Elisabeth (1868–1951). In addition to the two older sisters Elisabeth and Margarete, the younger brother Ulrich belonged to the middle-class family.

The father was the son of the Prussian Crown Attorney Wilhelm Albert Ditzen; the mother, Caroline Antoinette Rudolphine Stürenburg, was the daughter of a prison chaplain . Wilhelm Ditzen initially worked for the Criminal Code Commission .

In 1899 the family moved to Berlin when their father was appointed to the chamber judge . When Wilhelm Ditzen was appointed Reich judge at the Reich Court in 1909 , they moved to Leipzig .

From 1901 to 1906 Rudolf attended the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium in Schöneberg , then the Bismarck-Gymnasium in Wilmersdorf . In Leipzig he was a student at the Queen Carola High School there until 1911 . He suffered from his relationship with his father, who had planned a legal career for his son and, from his point of view, did not give him the necessary recognition. As in Berlin, Fallada was considered an outsider at the Leipzig School and withdrew more and more into himself. Even when he was a member of the Wandervogel movement for a short time , he hardly made contact with others of his age.

Because he was stalking a girl he had just seen in Leipzig - he had written anonymous and suggestive letters to her parents about their daughter's alleged secret relationship with him - his parents sent him to Bad Berka for eight weeks at the Schloss Harth sanatorium , which Fallada is in Letters called Satanorium . After a further interlude in Schnepfenthal in the summer of 1911, Fallada became a student at the Fridericianum Gymnasium in Rudolstadt , where he was given retirement to a superintendent. With his friend Hanns Dietrich von Necker, he decided on October 17, 1911 to commit a double suicide disguised as a duel . Von Necker died in the exchange of fire, while Fallada survived seriously injured. He was charged with manslaughter and admitted to the psychiatric clinic in Tannenfeld . Because Insanity the charges were dropped. Fallada dropped out of high school without a degree.

Early years and marriage

At the beginning of the First World War he volunteered as a war volunteer, but was rejected as " permanently unfit ". Due to his alcohol and morphine addiction , he spent the period from 1917 to 1919 mainly in rehab facilities and private sanatoriums, primarily in Posterstein, Thuringia . In January / February 1921 he was a patient at the Pomeranian Provincial Sanatorium in Stralsund ; the relevant files were only found in 2011. The first attempts at writing were made during this time. Two novels published by Rowohlt Verlag at the time did not reach a large audience and were an economic failure for the publisher Ernst Rowohlt , as was a translation project with works by Romain Rolland . Since Fallada had completed an agricultural apprenticeship in Posterstein, he was able to keep himself financially afloat in Berlin with occasional jobs, primarily as an estate manager, but also as a scientific assistant to the Stettin Chamber of Agriculture and later as an employee of a potato-growing company. To finance his morphine and alcohol consumption, he committed embezzlement , which in 1923 resulted in a three-month prison sentence. This was followed by a two and a half year prison sentence for fraud in 1926 .

After his second release from prison in 1928, he met Anna Issel , whom he called Suse, in Hamburg-Eilbek - the role model for his fictional character Lammchen - and married her on April 5, 1929 in Hamburg. The first son Ulrich was born on March 14, 1930 († December 25, 2013). Three more children followed: the twins Edith and Lore (born July 18, 1933; Edith died shortly after birth and Lore of sepsis at the age of 18 ) and son Achim, who was born on April 3, 1940. After the marriage, the couple initially lived separately. She lived with her mother in Hamburg, he in Neumünster . Employed in the local tourist association, Fallada worked there from October 1928 as an advertisement and reporter for the daily General-Anzeiger . He was temporarily a member of the Guttempler and the SPD .

Work, life and success as a writer

Hans Fallada House in Carwitz

In the early 1930s, Hans Fallada's literary success began. After his novel Bauern, Bonzen und Bombs about small town politics and the rural people's movement attracted attention, he and his wife moved to the vicinity of Berlin on the advice of the publisher Ernst Rowohlt. They lived first in Neuenhagen , later in Berkenbrück . Rowohlt had found Fallada a part-time job in his publishing house so that he could devote himself to his writing work without major material worries. This is how the novel Little Man - what now? This became a bestseller, found international recognition and was Fallada's breakthrough as a writer. In 2016, an unabridged new edition of the novel was published by Aufbau-Verlag - for the first time published as Fallada had written it.

In March 1933, Fallada was denounced by his tenants, former owners of his house, to the local SA von Berkenbrück. The tenants had overheard a conversation Fallada had with Ernst von Salomon , which was allegedly anti-subversive. Fallada was briefly imprisoned, then gave up the house in Berkenbrück and in 1933 bought a property in the village of Carwitz, near the small Mecklenburg town of Feldberg . There he wrote other novels, including the socially critical Who once eats from a tin bowl , in which he processed his experiences in the central prison in Neumünster . The book could appear under National Socialist rule because it was directed against the treatment of prisoners in the Weimar Republic - what the National Socialists called " system time ".

In 1938 he met 18-year-old Marianne Portisch (1920–2003), who later became the author of several women's biographies under the name Marianne Wintersteiner . She had fled Czechoslovakia for political reasons and was to be trained as a gymnastics teacher in Berlin. After a knee injury, however, she was admitted to the Hohenlychen sanatorium. There she met Fallada, who visited her in the sanatorium. A deep but platonic love affair emerged that lasted almost until his death. Fallada gave her the manuscript Pechvogel und Glückskind on her 19th birthday .

“It is a strange gift that the forty-six-year-old poet Hans Fallada presented to the young Marianne Portisch on her 19th birthday in February 1939: a self-written fairy tale in which there is an abundance of elements from Fallada's life and other stories from his Feather play a role. The fate of this manuscript is wonderful enough in itself. "

- Gunnar Müller-Waldeck : Hans Fallada - still ...

The love for Hans Fallada moved Marianne Wintersteiner to write an autobiographical novel , which appeared in 1978 as a serial in an Austrian provincial newspaper. For a long time the work was thought to be lost because the newspaper was abandoned a little later. In March 2017 it was published by Gunnar Müller-Waldeck with the original title So began it secretly .

After Fallada's marriage failed, it was divorced on July 5, 1944. In an argument with his divorced wife on August 28, 1944, he shot a Terzerol pistol into a table. Thereupon he was charged with attempted manslaughter and on September 4, 1944, he was admitted to the penal system - on the 2nd floor of the "Department of Sanatorium and Nursing Home" (Detention Center I) of the Neustrelitz-Strelitz State Institution  for observation . Here, Hans Fallada wrote the drinker manuscript, a series of short stories, the posthumously published novel Der Trinker and an experience report on the Nazi state. He was released on December 13, 1944.

Writing in the time of National Socialism

Fallada is one of the most successful authors during the National Socialist era . In order to be able to publish, he tried to gain acceptance by the authorities and partially adapted his works to their requirements.

His books were judged differently by the National Socialist rulers. Joseph Goebbels and his Reichsschrifttumskammer were very impressed by Hans Fallada. His book Wolf among wolves , interpreted as a criticism of the Weimar Republic, was positively assessed and explicitly praised by Goebbels. Alfred Rosenberg, on the other hand, and the Rosenberg subordinate office, viewed Fallada very critically; he had the book banned. Fallada had to move from time-sensitive material to the field of light entertainment literature. Nevertheless, he developed into one of the best-selling authors of the Third Reich .

"The sales successes speak for a still largely positive reception of the author, who was able to increase his fee income from around 48,000 Reichsmarks in 1939 to over 74,000 Reichsmarks in 1942."

- Adam, Christian : Reading under Hitler. Authors bestsellers, readers in the Third Reich

As RAD - Sonderführer he made a trip to occupied France and the Sudetenland , which, however, was not followed by publications.

Last years and death

Berlin memorial plaque on the house, Rudolf-Ditzen-Weg 19, in Berlin-Niederschönhausen

After his divorce, Fallada lived with the 23-year-old Ursula "Ulla" Losch (1921–1958). After the death of her husband Kurt Losch († May 7, 1944), the wealthy young widow moved to Feldberg with her mother and young daughter and met him there in the summer of 1944. The initially friendly relationship, which soon afterwards turned into a love affair, was problematic from the start; Losch and Fallada were both addicts . Like him twenty years before, she was addicted to morphine; also, Fallada had been addicted to alcohol for years. Both had survived the war, but suffered mentally. Ulla Losch had sought solace in morphine, Fallada in alcohol.

“It was an irony of fate that Ditzen survived both world wars, but came into contact with morphine in the last months of the war. In January 1945 he had not touched any drugs for twenty years and was not aware of any danger. "

- Jenny Williams : More Life Than One - Hans Fallada - Biography

Fallada and Losch married on February 1, 1945. In the same year he was briefly mayor of Feldberg . Then he moved with his wife to Berlin and worked there at Johannes R. Becher's request for the Daily Rundschau . Becher's support made it possible for Fallada to live together with prominent cultural workers - such as Becher himself - in the preferred district of Majakowskiring (the "town"), which is isolated from the outside world . The isolation experienced there entered Fallada's novel, The Nightmare .

Fallada's morphine consumption escalated in 1946. His wife, who is also dependent, asked his poet colleague and doctor Gottfried Benn for morphine in a letter that has survived . In January 1946, Fallada went to a private clinic in Neu-Westend, and his wife followed him two weeks later. They were both released in March. Fallada attempted suicide on May 1st , which his neighbor Becher was able to prevent. In a letter his wife wrote: "We took the morphine so regularly that hardly any periods of abstinence or signs of abstinence occurred." Because of her drug use, she owed Becher 3,000 marks. Another hospital stay in Niederschönhausen followed. In December 1946, Fallada was admitted to the Berlin Charité mental hospital. Within a month there, in poor physical condition, he wrote the novel Everyone dies for himself . On January 10, 1947, he was again admitted to the Niederschönhausen auxiliary hospital, where he was in a redesigned school classroom. There he died on February 5, 1947 at the age of 53 from the effects of his morphine consumption. "Death from heart failure" was noted on his death certificate.

Fallada was buried in an honorary grave in the Pankow III cemetery until 1981 . At the instigation of Anna Ditzen, she was moved to the old cemetery in Carwitz .

Fallada's last novel

In his last novel Everyone dies for himself alone , Hans Fallada describes the authentic case of Otto and Elise Hampel , who laid out postcard leaflets against Hitler and were then denounced and executed. The work was first published in 1947 as a shortened and editorially heavily edited version. The novel has been reprinted in this form for over 60 years. A series of translations based on Fallada's original version followed from 2009. Its English translation by Michael Hofmann was a great sales success. As a result, the Aufbau-Verlag published an unabridged new German edition in 2011, which has sold more than 300,000 times.

The novel has been made into films several times, most recently in 2015 as a production by X Films Creative Pool under the direction of Vincent Perez . The main roles are played by British Oscar winner Emma Thompson and Irish actor Brendan Gleeson . The film Everyone dies for himself , which is based on the uncut original version, was shot in Görlitz , Berlin and Cologne and was released in cinemas on November 17, 2016.

Several arrangements were performed at the theater, for example in Hamburg , Dresden and Berlin .

Honors

Greifswald City Library
  • On June 14, 2012, a memorial plaque for Hans Fallada was inaugurated at Mönchstrasse 12 in Stralsund. He lived there in the autumn of 1921. The board also reminds of the Stralsund novel Der Jungherr von Strammin .
  • On August 20, 2017, the “Fallada view” was inaugurated in the form of a bench created by an artist on the steep bank between Puttgarden and the north beach of the Wittow peninsula. She refers to Fallada's attachment to Wittow, who u. a. in the novel We once reflected a child .
  • Hans Fallada Prize : The city of Neumünster donated this prize in 1981 in honor of Hans Fallada .
  • Hans Fallada Archive: The Hans Fallada Archive in Carwitz, connected to the Hans Fallada House , is operated by the Literaturzentrum Neubrandenburg e. V. managed. The archive includes documents by and about Hans Fallada (manuscripts, correspondence, signatures, films and television programs, scientific work, exhibits). The literature center is jointly funded by the city of Neubrandenburg and the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The house, which is largely true to the original, attracts around 12,000 visitors a year.
  • Schools in Feldberg , Neuenhagen near Berlin , Berlin-Neukölln and Weißwasser are named after Hans Fallada.
  • The Greifswald City Library has had his name since 1993.
  • The asteroid (14025) Fallada was named after him.
  • Several streets, such as in Bremen - Obervieland , Greifswald , Neumünster , Nuremberg , Rostock and Stralsund , were named after him. The Rudolf-Ditzen-Weg in Berlin-Pankow is only accessible to connoisseurs - Fallada died nearby.
  • On June 2, 1998 , a Berlin memorial plaque was unveiled at his former place of residence, Berlin-Niederschönhausen , Rudolf-Ditzen-Weg 19 .
  • Commemorative plaque No. 07 of the Eilbeker Round Table for Hans Fallada in Hamburg-Eilbek , Hasselbrookstrasse 54. The writer lived in the previous building of this house, which was destroyed in 1943, from May 18 to October 1, 1928. He deals with this period in his novel: Wer once aus eats the tin bowl .

Works and editions of works (selection)

  • Enno Dünnebier: Hans Fallada. 1893-1947. A bibliography. Federchen, Neubrandenburg 1993, ISBN 3-910170-11-0 .

Single issues

  • The young Goedeschal. 1920.
    • The young Goedeschal. Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1920 (puberty novel).
  • Anton and Gerda. First edition 1923.
  • Farmers, bigwigs and bombs . 1931.
    • Hans Fallada: farmers, bigwigs and bombs. Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1931, cover design by Olaf Gulbransson.
  • Little man - now what? 1932.
    • Hans Fallada: Little Man - What Now? Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1932, cover design by Georg Grosz .
    • Hans Fallada: Little Man - What Now? Aufbau Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-351-03641-6 (first unabridged edition of the original version).
  • Whoever eats from the tin bowl. 1934.
    • Whoever eats from the tin bowl. Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1934.
    • Whoever eats from the tin bowl. 4th edition 2004. Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-7466-5317-7 (cover design using the picture by Wilhelm Schnarrenberger : Die Freunde von 1924; prefixed, brief description of the writer's life and work and text from his synopsis on the novel from 1932).
  • We once had a child. 1934.
  • Fairy tale of the town clerk who flew into the country. 1935.
  • Old heart goes on a journey. 1936.
  • Hoppelpoppel - where are you? 1936 (children's stories).
  • Wolf among wolves . 1937.
    • Wolf among wolves. Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1937 (2 volumes).
    • Wolf among wolves. Construction Verlag, Berlin 1994, ISBN 978-3-7466-5303-7 . (Paperback) [Text basis → Günter Caspar (Ed.): Hans Fallada (= Selected Works in Individual Editions. Volume IV). (Hardcover edition) 5th edition. Construction publishing house, Berlin / Weimar 1985; Cover design using the picture by Otto Dix : Großstadt von 1927/1928;] Several reprints.
  • Stories from Murkelei. 1938. (Fairy tale stories for children, illustrated by Melitta Patz).
  • The iron Gustav . 1938.
  • Sweet milk speaks. 1938.
  • Little man, big man - everything mixed up, or Max Schreyvogel's burden and lust for money. 1939.
    • Little man, big man - everything reversed. 17th edition 2004. Rowohlt Verlag, Stuttgart 1940 / Reinbek bei Hamburg 1970, ISBN 3-499-11244-2 (cover design: Barbara Hanke).
  • Sweet milk speaks. An adventure by Murr and Maxe. 1939 (narration).
  • The unloved man. 1940.
  • The hour before you go to sleep. 1941.
  • The adventure of Werner Quab. 1941 (story).
  • Back then with us at home . 1942 (memories).
  • At home today. 1943 (memories).
  • Fridolin, the cheeky badger. 1955 (manuscript from 1944).
    • Hans Fallada: Fridolin the cheeky badger. A two- and four-legged story. Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-7466-2852-3 [Text basis → Günter Caspar (Ed.): Hans Fallada (= selected works in individual editions. Volume IX). 5th edition. Construction publishing house, Berlin / Weimar 1985].
  • Everyone dies for himself alone . 1947.
    • Everyone dies alone. Construction Publishing House Berlin 1947.
    • Everyone dies alone. 12th edition Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-351-03349-1 (hardback edition of the unabridged original version).
  • The nightmare . 1947.
    • The nightmare . Aufbau Verlag, Berlin 1947, DNB  451207114 (published posthumously; with designer Hermann Kusch; latest edition: Aufbau Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-7466-5316-9 ).
  • Two tender lambs white as snow. First edition 1948.
    • Two tender lambs white as snow. A little love story . G. Richter, Berlin 1948, DNB  573076901 (published posthumously; latest edition: Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek, 1993, ISBN 3-499-13320-2 ).
  • The drinker. 1950 (1944 manuscript).
  • A man wants to go up. 1953. (Manuscript 1941)
  • At home today. New edition 1992.
  • Early prose in two volumes. New edition 1993.
  • The young Herr von Strammin.
    • Hans Fallada: Young gentleman - really big. Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-548-20792-8 (unabridged new edition with a different title).
  • No one for three years. Experienced, experienced, invented. First edition 1997.
  • Prisoner Cell 32nd Diary June 22 - September 2, 1924. First edition 1998.
    • Prisoner cell 32nd diary June 22nd - September 2nd, 1924. Berlin 1998.
  • No one for three years. First edition 1997
  • Prison diary 1944. First edition 2009 (manuscript from 1944).
    • In my foreign country. Prison diary 1944. Berlin 2009, edited by Jenny Williams, Sabine Lange. ISBN 978-3-351-02800-8 (hardback first edition) So easy to seduce . In: Der Spiegel . No. 22 , 2009 ( online review).
  • Unlucky and lucky child: a fairy tale for children and lovers.

Work edition

  • Selected works in separate editions. from 1962 (10 volumes).

Anthologies

  • Collected stories. Braunschweig 1967.
  • The bankruptcy complex - seven mishap stories. Compiled by Günter Caspar . Structure of the Taschenbuch Verlag, Berlin 1971, ISBN 3-7466-0034-0 .
  • Tom Riebe [ed.]: Rudolf Ditzen [ Versensporn - booklet for lyrical charms; No. 32]. Edition poetry tastes good, Jena 2018.

Letters

  • Ulrich Ditzen (Ed.): My father and his son. Correspondence. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-351-02993-4 .
  • Hans Fallada, Anna Ditzen: When you are gone, everything is only half. Letters from a marriage. Edited by Ulrich Ditzen. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-351-03220-3 .
  • Michael Töteberg, Sabine Buck (eds.): Hans Fallada: Ewig auf der Rutschbahn - Correspondence with the Rowohlt Verlag. Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 2008, ISBN 978-3-498-02121-4 .
  • Achim Ditzen (Ed.): Without you I would have been up. Sibling letters. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2018 ISBN 978-3-351-03714-7 .

Movies

Film adaptations

"Little man - what now?"

"Everyone dies alone"

"Old heart goes on a journey"

Further films

Docudramas

Audio books

Literature (selection)

The state bibliography MV currently lists more than 850 literature references on Hans Fallada, including almost 150 independently published publications (see web links).

  • Tom Crepon: Life and Death of Hans Fallada. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1984 (first: Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle Leipzig 1978), ISBN 3-548-27529-X .
  • Ulrich “Uli” Ditzen: My father and his son. Structure, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-351-02993-4 .
  • Gustav Frank, Stefan Scherer (Ed.): Hans Fallada Handbook. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, ISBN 978-3-11-028187-3 .
  • Werner Liersch: Hans Fallada. His big little life. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1997 (first: Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin 1981), ISBN 3-499-13675-9 .
  • Jürgen Manthey : Hans Fallada. With testimonials and photo documents. 12th edition. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2002 (= rororo 50078; Rowohlt's monographs), ISBN 3-499-50078-7 .
  • Gunnar Müller-Waldeck: Fallada, Hans (1893-1947). In: Dirk Alvermann , Nils Jörn (Hrsg.): Biographisches Lexikon für Pommern. Volume 1 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series V, Volume 48.1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-412-20936-0 , pp. 60–66.
  • Gunnar Müller-Waldeck, Roland Ulrich (eds.): Hans Fallada. His life in pictures and letters. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-351-03299-4 .
  • Cecilia von Studnitz: It was like a frenzy. Fallada and his life. Droste, Düsseldorf 1997, ISBN 3-7700-1064-7 .
  • Cecilia von Studnitz: I'm not the one you love. The early years of Hans Fallada in Berlin. Steffen Verlag, Friedland 2007, ISBN 978-3-910170-63-6 .
  • Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand :  Fallada, Hans. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 17 ( digitized version ).
  • Jenny Williams: More Life Than One - Hans Fallada - Biography. Translated from English by Hans Christian Oeser. Structure, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-351-02532-8 (in the appendix: including a catalog raisonné, works by other authors and a bibliography.) English first edition, London 1998.
  • Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker: The other Fallada. A chronicle of suffering. Steffen Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-941683-49-5 .
  • Gunnar Müller-Waldeck : Hans Fallada - as before. Reflections - memories - conversations - biographical fragments. Edition Pommern, Elmenhorst / Vorpommern 2016, ISBN 978-3-939680-32-1 .
  • Peter Walther; Gunnar Müller-Waldeck (Ed.): Hans Fallada. The biography. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-351-03669-0 .
  • André Uzulis: Hans Fallada. Biography. Steffen Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-941683-71-6 .

various

The break-in into a branch of the watch manufacturer Wempe in Hamburg served as a template for the break-in in his work Whoever Eats Out of the Tin Bowl?

Web links

Databases

Commons : Hans Fallada  - Collection of Images
Wikisource: Hans Fallada  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Hans Fallada  - Quotes

Content

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gunnar Müller-Waldeck and Roland Ulrich (eds.) With the assistance of Uli Ditzen: Hans Fallada. His life in pictures and letters. Berlin 2012 (revised version of the original edition published in 1997 at Aufbau), p. 265.
  2. ^ Johann Hauptmann: Alphabetical index of former Carolaner. In: Twenty-five anniversary of the Queen Carola High School in Leipzig in 1927. Leipzig 1927, p. 22.
  3. ↑ Ulrich Kaufmann: Fallada show: The duel on the Uhufelsen. In: Thüringische Landeszeitung , June 30, 2010.
  4. ↑ Fallada's case in Thuringia. Abysses and nightmares of the young Rudolf Ditzen. (PDF; 576 kB) In: Ärzteblatt Thüringen. 17 (2006) 5, p. 233.
  5. ^ Jürgen Manthey: Hans Fallada. With testimonials and photo documents. 12th edition Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1998, p. 46.
  6. ↑ Martina Rathke: Free from hallucinations. Fallada's missing medical file from Stralsund's psychiatry comes to the state archive. In: Neues Deutschland , November 15, 2017, p. 12 (dpa report).
  7. ↑ 125 years of the “Holsteinischer Courier”. In: Federal Association of German Newspaper Publishers (BDZV) , April 3, 1997.
  8. ↑ Jenny Williams: More Life Than One - Hans Fallada - Biography. Translated from English by Hans Christian Oeser. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7466-7089-8 , p. 116 ff.
  9. ↑ The world's bestseller, as Fallada wrote it. Homepage of the construction publisher (with reading sample, information on content and press reviews on the novel); accessed on March 9, 2017.
  10. ↑ Gunnar Müller-Waldeck: He was an encouragement - conversation with Annemarie Steiner (di Marianne Wintersteiner). In: Hans Fallada - still. Reflections - memories - conversations - biographical fragments. 2016, ISBN 978-3-939680-32-1 , pp. 83ff.
  11. ^ Gunnar Müller-Waldeck : Hans Fallada - still: reflections - memories - conversations - biographical splinters. Edition Pommern, Elmenhorst / Vorpommern 2016, ISBN 978-3-939680-32-1 .
  12. ↑ Jenny Williams: More Life Than One - Hans Fallada - Biography. Translated from English by Hans Christian Oeser. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7466-7089-8 , p. 313.
  13. ↑ Jenny Williams: More Life Than One - Hans Fallada - Biography. Translated from English by Hans Christian Oeser. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7466-7089-8 , p. 315.
  14. ↑ Chronicle of JA Neustrelitz ( Memento of the original from July 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Official website of JA Neustrelitz (March 30, 2011).  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ja-neustrelitz.de
  15. ↑ Harald Lachmann: Financially strong lovers of monuments wanted. In: Nordkurier. Strelitzer newspaper.
  16. ↑ Jenny William In: More Life Than One. Biography of Hans Fallada. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7466-7089-8 , p. 315 ff.
  17. ↑ Hans Fallada - Life & Work . ( Memento of the original of July 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Hans Fallada Society V. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fallada.de
  18. ↑ Press release and laudation on Christiane Witzke being awarded the Annalize Wagner Prize .
  19. ↑ a b c Review by Wolf Scheller: Hans Fallada is rediscovered: “Everyone dies for himself” for the first time in full. In: HNA Online, July 2, 2011
  20. ↑ Christian Adam: Reading under Hitler. Galiani, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86971027-3 , pp. 185-189.
  21. ^ Hans Sarkowicz , Alf Mentzer: Writer in National Socialism - a lexicon. Insel Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-458-17504-9 .
  22. ↑ Jenny Williams: More Lives than One: A Biography of Hans Fallada. 1998, ISBN 1-870352-38-6 , p. 186.
  23. ↑ Hans Sarkowicz, Alf Mentzer: Writer in National Socialism. Insel, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-458-17504-9 , pp. 238–244.
  24. ↑ Christian Adam: Reading under Hitler. Verlag Galiani, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86971027-3 , p. 210.
  25. ↑ Herbert Schwenk: Feverish escape to literary world fame. The writer Hans Fallada (1893–1947). In: Berlin monthly journal. Issue 12/2000, p. 128.
  26. ↑ Jenny Williams: More Life Than One - Hans Fallada - Biography. Translated from English by Hans Christian Oeser. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7466-7089-8 , p. 314.
  27. ^ A b Jenny Williams: More life than one - Hans Fallada - biography. Translated from English by Hans Christian Oeser. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7466-7089-8 , p. 325.
  28. ↑ Jenny Williams: More Life Than One - Hans Fallada - Biography. Translated from English by Hans Christian Oeser. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7466-7089-8 , p. 325. (Cited as reference: Paul Mayer : Ernst Rowohlt. P. 142)
  29. ↑ Permanent exhibition in the gatehouses of Schönhausen Palace ( Memento of the original of July 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zzf-pdm.de
  30. ↑ a b c d Werner Liersch: Little man - where to? - Torn, homeless, addicted - how the writer Hans Fallada lived and died in the post-war years. In: Berliner Zeitung. February 3, 2007, accessed December 2, 2015 .
  31. ↑ Life and Work ( Memento of the original from July 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on Fallada.de . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fallada.de
  32. ↑ The grave of Hans Fallada. knerger.de
  33. ↑ Johannes Groschupf: The Hampel couple. Alone in Berlin. In: Tagesspiegel , April 10, 2011.
  34. ↑ Hans Fallada, Michael Hofmann: Every Man Dies Alone. Melville House, New York 2009, ISBN 978-1-933633-63-3 .
  35. ↑ Sebastian Hammelehle: Another schnapps before the Gestapo arrives. Spiegel Online , March 11, 2011.
  36. ^ Christiane Raatz: Görlitz becomes Berlin. In: sz-online , May 6, 2015.
  37. ↑ a b c Quiet please, quiet please, shut up! In: Sächsische Zeitung , May 7, 2015, beginning of the article. (See also: Görlitz becomes Berlin. ); Alone in Berlin. Director Vincent Perez about the film on his website, accessed on November 23, 2016.
  38. ↑ Hans Fallada Archive ( Memento of the original from November 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fallada.de
  39. ↑ Winfried Wagner: "Fallada Diploma" for children. Carwitzer Museum: With audio guide and riddle book on the trail of writers. In: Neues Deutschland , July 13, 2011, p. 12, dpa .
  40. ↑ Rudolf-Ditzen-Weg. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  41. ↑ On the boards of the Eilbeck Round Table , historical places, buildings and events in the Hamburg district of Eilbek are explained. Most of the boards are numbered and grouped into a tour.
  42. ↑ The stories were later published in new illustrated editions: 1960 Conrad Neubauer, 1962 Fritz Fischer (graphic designer) , 1978 Hans Ticha , 1979 Jürg Furrer, 1979 Sabine Wilharm .
  43. ↑ Summary of the docudrama: Fallada - In the intoxication of writing. In: ARD / arte , November 23, 2016.
  44. ↑ Martin Z. Schröder: A diamond. - Jutta Hoffmann reads “Little man - what now?” In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of February 9, 2007, p. 14, beginning of the article .
  45. ↑ The author and lawyer from Wuppertal, Ulrich Ditzen, is the eldest son of Hans Fallada.
personal data
SURNAME Fallada, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ditzen, Rudolf (real name); Ditzen, Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH July 21, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Greifswald
DATE OF DEATH February 5, 1947
Place of death Berlin