Schnepfenthal

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Schnepfenthal
City of Waltershausen
Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 53 "  N , 10 ° 34 ′ 43"  E
Height : 353  (350-360)  m
Postal code : 99880
Area code : 03622
map
Location of Schnepfenthal in Waltershausen
View over the location to the northeast
View over the location to the northeast

Schnepfenthal is a district of Waltershausen in Thuringia , it consists of the places Schnepfenthal and Rödichen .

geography

The places Schnepfenthal and Rödichen are located south of the federal motorway 4 and southwest of Gotha on the northern roof of the Thuringian Forest, southeast on the outskirts of the core town of Waltershausen. On the state road 1026 you reach the federal road 88 in Friedrichroda .

history

Rödichen

The original place name " Rödichen " was first mentioned in writing in 1186. The name is reminiscent of the laborious reclamation ( clearing ) of the cultural landscape in the High Middle Ages. In addition, there were the major construction projects initiated by the Reinhardsbrunn monastery : the construction of the Reinhardsbrunner ponds, the Cumbacher pond , the construction of the actual monastery complex (sheep farm "Espenfeld" between Rödichen and Ernstroda ), also road and path construction. The prisoners' labor and labor had to be borne by the inmates of the monastery villages.
In the spring of 1525, in the course of the German Peasants' War , the simple rural population in the Duchy of Gotha rose up and stormed the Reinhardsbrunn monastery . The report from Prior Wilhelm Listermann to Elector Johann of October 27, 1525 provides information on the course of events . The city of Waltershausen managed to add 70 mercenaries to the monastery, but the numerous armed looters and rebels got the upper hand here, and after three days of fighting and disputes the monastery was in ruins. As a result of the secularization, the monastery was abolished, the ducal Reinhardsbrunn Palace was built from the remaining buildings, and now the Rödich farmers had to serve the Gotha dukes. The residents of Rödichen were now parish in Friedrichroda . The place came to the ruling office Reinhardsbrunn , which from 1640 belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha , from 1672 to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and from 1826 to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . From 1920 the place was in the state of Thuringia .

Church conditions

Church of St. Peter and Paul in Rödichen
Church and village school in Rödichen

After the end of the Thirty Years' War , a small village church was built in 1648 in the war-torn town as a symbol of a new beginning and hope. The bell of the small chapel was cast by the bell caster Jakob König in 1648. The pastor from Friedrichroda held a church service here from time to time and the schoolmaster held a prayer hour in the afternoons. The chapel was already in danger of collapsing in 1699, was demolished and replaced by a half-timbered church from 1699–1700. It was 36 feet long , 24 feet wide, and 16 feet high. The nave was covered with bricks , the tower and the bay window above the back door with slate . The spire had a gold button on it . A ditch with a palisade ran around the churchyard . For this purpose the duke donated the wood. Only in 1721 did Rödichen get his own pastor, the deacon from Friedrichroda. In 1823 the church also had to be torn down: it was dilapidated and also too small for the parish. Today's Church of St. Peter and Paul was built in 1823 and equipped with a Knauf organ in 1824 . Originally the church was unadorned because the Rödich parish had nothing other than the income from the bell bag. Today the church has a cripple-hip roof covered with red tiles and a recessed tower on the southwest side, which is covered with slate. The tower roof is dome-shaped (slightly curved hood) and has a long top with a tower ball . It was inaugurated in 1824. As a result of the uneven population development, Rödichen was assigned as a subsidiary church to the Wahlwinkel parish in 1862, but is now part of the Waltershausen parish.

school

School lessons began in Rödichen as early as the Thirty Years' War : the schoolmaster from Friedrichroda came every day at 10:30 a.m. and taught the young people one by one in the houses of the residents . The first teacher in Rödichen had to find a community that was not able to learn: of 156 inhabitants, only 16 Rödich and 8 Schnepfentaler could read, of which only 2 were women. It is not known when the first school was built, but it must have existed as early as 1651, because in that year it received a new Seiger (clock). The school lasted until the 1780s. In 1784 a new school building was built, presumably the Salzmann School.

Schnepfenthal

The first German gymnasium
The school museum

Parts of the extensive land holdings were sold several times to cover national debts and other liabilities: a document from 1604 mentions a Gut Espenfeldt , which was located between Rödichen and Ernstroda and was divided between these communities. Schnepfenthal was originally just a monastery estate next to the older village of Rödichen and was located in the valley floor west of Rödichen. It was also sold and was just up for sale when Christian Gotthilf Salzmann came to Schnepfenthal in 1784 to set up an educational institution there. Like Rödichen, Schnepfenthal belonged to the Reinhardsbrunn office .

The Salzmann School

The original Salzmann School

Schnepfenthal became known through the educational institution of Christian Gotthilf Salzmann and Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths , who set up a new type of school here from 1784 . In addition to the usual subjects, this included physical education and practical work. Some of the sports equipment can still be seen today and is used by the "traditional gymnasts" every year on festive occasions. The graves of the founders and many teachers can be seen in the nearby forest cemetery.

In the GDR , the school was an advanced secondary school (equivalent to a grammar school). Since 2001 the Salzmannschule has been a state special high school for languages ​​(with boarding school ), where you can learn Japanese , Arabic and Chinese , among other things .

There is a “Freundeskreis Salzmannschule eV” that maintains the school's traditions.

Schnepfenthal-Rödichen

The municipality of Rödichen, to which Schnepfenthal belonged, was called Schnepfenthal-Rödichen since the 1920s . Schnepfenthal-Rödichen was incorporated into the town of Waltershausen on July 1, 1950 and is only called Schnepfenthal as a district.

tourism

A memorial has been located on the grounds of the Salzmannschule since 1959, which has since been expanded as a museum for the Salzmannschule Schnepfenthal . Schnepfenthal is the starting point of the Zöglingsweg , this is a 14 km long, newly designed circular hiking trail in the town of Waltershausen. Other hiking routes lead into the nearby Thuringian Forest , for example to the Großer Inselsberg (916 m).

Hermannstein Castle

About one kilometer south of the church of Rödichen is the Wachkopf , an elevation rising steeply above the valley edge to 456.4 m above sea level. NN. Here are the remains of a small, high-medieval castle complex known as Hermannstein Castle , also known as Steinfirst Castle . Remains of the trenches and ramparts of the fortifications can still be seen in the area.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

People connected to the place

Students of the Salzmann School

Transport links

The place can be reached both with the Thuringian Forest Railway and with the regional train on the Fröttstädt – Friedrichroda line . The closest motorway exit is Gotha-Boxberg on the A 4 .

literature

  • Bickel, Wilhelm; Home book of Schnepfenthal - Rödichen , Verlag der Gemeinde Schnepfenthal-Rödichen, 1939
  • Rödl, Egon; Bause, Gerd: Second home book of Schnepfenthal - Rödichen , facts and incidents from the history of a Thuringian forest border village , self-published, Schnepfenthal, 2005, ISBN 3-932655-30-3
  • Ellrich / Heinke / Hoerenz: Between Hörsel and Wilder Gera , 2005, Weimar, ISBN 3-86160-167-2

Web links

Commons : Schnepfenthal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Albert Beck: Alt-Reinhardsbrunn in the splendor of its eight hundred year history. Gotha 1930.
  2. ↑ Hartmut Ellrich (et al.): The churches of the superintendent, Waltershausen-Ohrdruf . Weimar 2005, p. 72-73 .
  3. ↑ August Beck: The History of the Gotha Country , Volume I, History of the Regents, Gotha, 1868. P. 53
  4. ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de: Landratsamt Waltershausen
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Gotha. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ^ Regional reform of Thuringia 1922