Reinhardsbrunn

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View from the north 2020
West view of the main building 2020
View from the south 2020
Castle chapel
Reinhardsbrunn Castle, 1890s

Reinhardsbrunn is a district of the small town of Friedrichroda in Thuringia in the Gotha district . The house monastery of the Landgraves of Thuringia was in Reinhardsbrunn . Reinhardsbrunn Palace was built on its ruins in 1827.

history

monastery

The Benedictine monastery was founded in 1085 by Count Ludwig der Springer from Thuringia near his ancestral castle , the Schauenburg near Friedrichroda. Reinhardsbrunn moved into a convent from Hirsau , which was fraternized with Hirsau and Cluny and had been under papal protection since 1092.

The monastery gained importance as the center of the Hirsau reforms within Thuringia, but also as a house monastery and burial place for the Ludowingers who had risen to become Landgraves of Thuringia . Between 1156 and 1168 the Reinhard Brunner presented Benedictine monk , abbot of the monastery and librarian Sindold 100 texts comprehensive collection of letters ( Reinhardsbrunner Briefsammlung ) together. This includes letters from the 12th century from the monastery business and from correspondence with the landgrave family, but also samples, style exercises and theoretical material on the art of writing letters. The Reinhardsbrunner Chronik , which was compiled around 1340 to 1349, provides news from the 6th century to 1338. It contains the history of the monastery itself, from its foundation, the Ludowinger family, the Landgraviate of Thuringia and their transition to the Wettiner , but also the German Empire. As a template were partly sources , which now are considered lost.

In the early 13th century the decline of the Reinhardsbrunn monastery gradually set in, reinforced by the extinction of the Ludowingians in 1247 and a fire in the monastery in 1292. But even among the Wettins , who followed the Ludowingians as landgraves, Reinhardsbrunn served as a burial place several times.

In 1525, during the Peasants' War , the monastery was looted and destroyed. The monks fled to Gotha , the monastery property was sold to the Elector of Saxony . The Reinhardsbrunn Office was formed from the monastery property. Zella St. Blasii , which previously belonged to the monastery, came to the Black Forest office . Five years later, in January 1530, nine Anabaptists were detained at Reinhardsbrunn and interrogated by Gotha superintendent Friedrich Myconius . Six of them were unwilling to revoke their Reformation-Anabaptist position and were subsequently executed. They were the first Anabaptists to be killed under a Lutheran government for their faith alone. Philipp Melanchthon later defended these executions in a letter to Myconius.

The monastery buildings fell into disrepair over the following decades. In 1952 the gravestones of the landgraves , which had meanwhile been set up elsewhere, were moved to the Georgenkirche in Eisenach .

lock

After the monastery fell into disrepair, Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Weimar built an office building for the Reinhardsbrunn office in 1601 . His brother Johann III. planned the reconstruction of Reinhardsbrunn; by the time construction was carried out, he had already died. Under his widow Dorothea Maria , the ground plan with the main buildings was created between 1607 and 1616. In the years that followed, connecting structures were built, in which remains of the monastery buildings were probably integrated. Parts of the buildings were built under Duke Friedrich II of Gotha-Altenburg around 1706.

The western building was the main building, called "the high house" or "castle", on whose foundation walls, using the corner towers, under Duke Ernst I of Coburg and Gotha in 1826/1827 a pleasure palace in the neo -Gothic style was built. Building adviser Gustav Eberhard (1805–1880) from Gotha and Carl Alexander Heideloff from Nuremberg were responsible for the construction. To the northeast, the hall building adjoins the main building as a short wing, to the south, and thus almost parallel to the main building, is the “deer gallery”. This emerged from the former official building. From here runs east to “the new building”, also known as the “long building”, which contains elements from the 15th century and later served as a church gallery.

The church closes the octagon on three sides to the east and replaces the church that was demolished in 1855. It is located a little south of the former monastery church and within the area of ​​the former cloister wing . This former church was a large, very elaborately designed building, the size of which showed an altar painting, which, representing Jacob's dream, was executed as a family memorial plaque. In 1850, the picture painted by Christian Richter, father of court painter Christian Friedrich Richter (1587–1667), was brought to the Augustinerkirche in Gotha.

The grave tablets were taken over into the new church building in 1874 after they had already been moved several times. The tombstones of Frederick the bitten and his wife Elisabeth had already been removed from the grave site in Catherine's Monastery in Eisenach in 1552 and moved to the castle chapel of the newly built Grimmenstein Castle , as were the tombstones from the Reinhardsbrunn Monastery, which had already been closed at that time. When the castle was destroyed in 1567, the stones ended up in the former foundry in front of the Grimmenstein. In 1613 Dorothea Maria had it repaired and the following year it was installed on the southern outer front under a protective roof. In 1874 they were set up inside the porch of the church or in the connecting room of the church gallery, but some of them were given incorrect data. Today the plates are in the Georgenkirche in Eisenach .

A landscape park was created around the castle around 1850. The British Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha met here several times .

Site plan (around 1880) - but without the royal stables and cavalier house, which are to the west of the main building.

In 1891 the complex was added to the inventory of art monuments of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . In 1945 the house of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha was expropriated without compensation by the Soviet occupying power . The ducal house lost Reinhardsbrunn Palace, including its furnishings and park. Then the state of Thuringia took over the property and used it temporarily for training the fire brigade and police. In 1953 the castle became a hotel of the "VEB travel agency" of the GDR , primarily as a source of foreign currency for guests from West Germany and the West. An Intershop was therefore also located on the castle grounds until 1990 . The castle developed into a cultural and educational center, where concerts and congresses took place. From 1980 it was listed as a “monument of national importance” in the GDR list of monuments. In the ducal outdoor park, VEB Kali Werra built and maintained the pioneer holiday camp " Georgi Dimitroff " during the GDR era .

In 1992 Reinhardsbrunn Castle was included in the monuments book of the Free State of Thuringia. After the fall of the Wall , the hotel was sold to two western hotel groups through the Treuhandanstalt in the early 1990s . The plan to develop it into a five-star hotel was abandoned. On the occasion of the amicable investment agreement between Andreas Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha and the State of Thuringia in 2001, a transfer back to the House of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha or its foundations, which maintain several castle museums, did not materialize.

In 2006 the castle was sold to the Weimar-based company BOB Consult GmbH. In 2008, Russian investors bought BOB Consult GmbH together with the lock from Rusintech for 12 million euros. The circumstances of the transaction raised the suspicion of money laundering in the Thuringian public prosecutor's office . In 2009 the public prosecutor initiated an investigation. Rusintech was founded a few months before the transaction with an initial capital of 10,000 rubles and its turnover in 2008 was zero. According to investigations, the 12 million euros came from an offshore account of Russian Duma deputy Anatoly Ivanovich Ostrjagin of the ruling United Russia party . Ostrjagin's son Constantine, who lives in London, is the managing director of the company that bought the castle. The Russian owner took out mortgages on the castle. Since then, the property has had debts of almost ten million euros. The castle owner let the deadlines set by the Thuringian District Office pass and did nothing to renovate or secure the property. Thuringia secured the building and repaired the roof at its own expense. Since 2011 there has been a “Friends of Reinhardsbrunn Palace and Park”.

On June 20, 2013 , the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung published a detailed report on the state of the palace in June 2013 . Since 2016, efforts have been made to expropriate the complex in order to preserve the monument. On July 10, 2018, the castle was expropriated by the Thuringian State Administration and transferred to the Free State of Thuringia.

Grave slabs

Grave slabs of the Thuringian Landgraves, formerly on the west wall of the Reinhardsbrunn Palace Chapel, photograph from 1891

The grave slabs of the Thuringian landgraves , which have been in the Georgenkirche in Eisenach since 1952 , are reproductions of the original ones, which were probably destroyed in a fire in 1292. Three of the stones were made by the same sculptor around 1320, the rest seems to have been made around the middle of the 14th century. After the restoration of the stones under Duchess Dorothea Maria , another was carried out by the sculptor Wolfgang from Gotha in 1864. The eight stones were placed on the west wall of the Reinhardsbrunn Palace Chapel, on the north wall there was a commemorative plaque for one on a plinth with the year 1301 no longer known deceased, as the inscription was only partially recognizable. On the east wall stood the grave slabs of Frederick I, the bitten or free († 1323), his bones in a box in front of it, next to it the slab of his wife Elisabeth von Arnshaugk († 1359). Grave slabs on the south wall were probably those of Abbot Hermann († 1168) and a Diether von Isenburg († around 1406?). There was a tomb in the church itself .

The following tombstones can be found in the choir of the Georgenkirche:

  • Figure grave plate for Ludwig the Springer ( Ludowinger ) († 1123), founder of Reinhardsbrunn Monastery
  • Figure grave plate for Adelheid († 1110), wife of Ludwig the Springer
  • Figure grave plate for Landgrave Ludwig I († 1140), son of the founder
  • Figure grave plate for Landgrave Ludwig II , the Iron († 1172), son of Ludwig I.
  • Figurine grave plate for Landgravine Jutta († 1191), wife of Ludwig II, sister of Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa
  • Figure grave plate for Landgrave Ludwig III. , the pious († 1190), son of Ludwig II.
  • Figure grave plate for Landgrave Ludwig IV. , The saint († 1227), nephew of Ludwig III. and consort of Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia
  • Figure grave plate for Landgrave Hermann II († 1241), son of Ludwig IV.

Mint

Saxony-Weimar had a tipper mint in Reinhardsbrunn, where tipper coins were minted during the tipper and wipper times . When inferior money was still being minted in Thuringia and Saxony, Saxony-Weimar had Reichstaler, the so-called Pallastaler , minted again in Reinhardsbrunn in 1622, then in Weimar .

Johanniskapelle in the castle park

John's Chapel

In the area of ​​the medieval monastery complex, the Evangelical Church of Thuringia found a place for the Reinhardsbrunn Abbey, training and conference rooms, a meeting place and the St. John's Chapel, consecrated in 2001, were created. This church, also known as the "Cyclists' Chapel", is located in the castle park and is occasionally used for example. B. on church holidays, used sacred.

It is a replica of the Johanniskirche of St. Boniface from 724. It is said to have been the baptistery of Landgrave Ludwig IV (spouse of St. Elisabeth ). At that time, Bonifatius evangelized near Altenbergen and had a chapel built on today's candelabra monument, which was expanded several times by the middle of the 18th century. In the replica of the chapel in the castle park there is a cast of the figure grave slab of Ludwig IV. The original is in the Eisenach Georgenkirche . Ludwig is buried in the Reinhardsbrunn monastery.

Transport links

Not far from the palace, the Reinhardsbrunn-Friedrichroda train station on the Fröttstädt – Georgenthal railway was put into operation in 1870 . In 1929 Reinhardsbrunn was also opened up by the Thuringian Forest Railway.

literature

  • Johann Heinrich Müller, Documentary history of the Reinhardsbrunn monastery 1089–1525 (office and pleasure palace) , reprint from 1843/2002, p. 253, Verlag Rockstuhl , Bad Langensalza, ISBN 978-3-936030-72-3
  • Franz Xaver von Wegele (ed.): Annales Reinhardsbrunnenses (Thuringian historical sources, 1). Frommann, Jena 1854 ( digitized version )
  • Albert Naudé, The falsification of the oldest Reinhardsbrunn documents , reprint from 1883/2002, Verlag Rockstuhl , Bad Langensalza, ISBN 978-3-936030-81-5
  • Albert Beck: Alt-Reinhardsbrunn in the splendor of its eight hundred year history. A home book . Jacob Schmidt & Co., Friedrichroda 1930
  • Hanns-Jörg Runge: Historical outline of Friedrichroda and Reinhardsbrunn . Book 1. Prehistory and early history and the Middle Ages. Friedrichroda, 1995.
  • Steffen Raßloff , Lutz Gebhardt : The Thuringian Landgraves. History and legends . Ilmenau 2017, ISBN 978-3-95560-055-6 .

Web links

Commons : Reinhardsbrunn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Werner E. Gerabek : Sindold von Reinhardsbrunn OSB. In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd ed., Volume 8, Col. 1277 f.
  2. Werner E. Gerabek: Sindold von Reinhardsbrunn. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1337.
  3. ^ F. Peeck: The Reinhardsbrunn collection of letters. Weimar 1952 (= MGH, Ep. Sel. , Volume 5), new print Munich 1985).
  4. On this collection of letters cf. Friedel Peeck (Ed.), Die Reinhardsbrunner Briefsammlung , ( MGH Epp. Sel. 5), Munich 1985 (= reprint Weimar 1952), ISBN 3-921575-08-7 .
  5. ^ Christian Hege and Christian Neff : Reinhardsbrunn (Thuringia, Germany) . In: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
  6. ^ Christian Hege and Christian Neff: Gotha (Thuringia, Germany) . In: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
  7. ^ Paul Lehfeldt: Introduction to the Art History of the Thuringian States. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena 1900, p. 144.
  8. a b Prof. Dr. P. Lehfeld: architectural and art monuments of Thuringia; Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; Saxony-Gotha Volume I: Landrathsamtsgebiet Gotha, District Court districts Gotha and Tonna; Verlag Gustav Fischer Jena 1891, part of the Tenneberg District Court district, pp. 16–26
  9. a b Замок Райнхардсбрунн: проклятие сибирских денег (German Reinhardsbrunn Castle: Curse of Siberian Money ). In: Deutsche Welle , July 10, 2018.
  10. Reinhardsbrunn Castle: 20,000 euros for security work . In: Gothaer Tagespost , June 4, 2013.
  11. Christfried Boelter: Reinhardsbrunn Palace and Park - Monument in Need. In: Hörselberg-Bote, No. 90, 2012, pp. 15-19.
  12. One of the most beautiful pieces of earth in FAZ from June 20, 2013, page 27.
  13. Next hanging section around Reinhardsbrunn Castle. ( Memento from August 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ^ Schloss Reinhardsbrunn Hoff: Expropriation will take a long time. ( Memento from August 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) MDR -Thuringia, August 16, 2016.
  15. ^ NN: Expropriation of Reinhardsbrunn Castle costs millions. otz.de, accessed on February 4, 2017
  16. Reinhardsbrunn Castle - expropriated to save it. In: insuedthueringen.de. July 10, 2018, accessed July 10, 2018 .
  17. How a castle is saved by expropriation
  18. ^ Johann David Köhlers, PP In the year 1737. Historischer Münz-Amustigung ..., Volume 9, p. XIX: Taler 1622 and 1623 with reference to the tipper and wipper times
  19. ↑ Information board in the chapel

Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 6 ″  N , 10 ° 33 ′ 27 ″  E