Bathing establishment
As a bathhouse , including bathing facility is called historical ( Old High German asked , bathe hot ') means in about hygienic or medical reasons baths can be taken.
Today, it is understood - especially legally - to be more institutionalized and structural, public and closed institutions for bathing as medical or leisure facilities ( bathing establishments such as swimming pools , open air pools , natural pools , spas , in the broader sense also saunas and the like).
Spa treatment
Bathing and drinking cures were often combined on bathing trips. In the description of the iron mineral spring and bathing establishment Kellberg near Passau by Professor J. Waltl from 1839, after extensive descriptions of the tourist destinations in the area and an analysis of the soil and water quality, a section on “ Method of using mineral water ”, with notes on bathing and drinking alternating with one another. About the facilities of the bathing establishment one learns a few pages later that “also cold tubs, douche, drip, dust, steam and iodine baths are set up”, but this is the end of the description of the “establishment”. Bernhard Ritter is hardly more detailed in his work in Niedernau . Spa and bathing establishment in the Kingdom of Württemberg , Rottenburg 1869. He draws a long historical arc, beginning with the Roman era, before finally talking about the Raidtsche bathing establishment, established in 1804. One learns that in Ritter’s time the establishment contained "14 bathroom cabinets and 70 living rooms on the floors, as well as a dining, conversation and dance hall", as well as additional accommodation for 25 guests. The chapter on spa treatments lists Neckar baths, mineral water and pine needle baths, brine baths, pine needle steam baths and showers.
River bathing establishment
The first river bathing establishment in Europe was established in Paris on the Seine in 1760 . This was followed, for example, by river baths in the Rhine near Mannheim in 1777, in the Danube near Vienna in 1781 and in the Oder near Breslau in 1783. At the end of the 19th century, Hamburg had around 14 river baths. On the Inner Alster was from 1793 by John August Arend designed bathing ship with twelve dressing chambers, one of which could get off the so-called guests in bathing boxes - crates through which flowed the Alsterwasser. In 1834, the river bathing ship was opened by Johns, which until the 1890s lay in various places in front of the Grasbrook. In 1888 the Alsterlust was opened, a pub with a bathing establishment that rested on stilts in the Alster and had separate swimming pools for women and men, the water of which was moved by wave wheels.
Seaside resort
A bathing establishment is an open-air bathing establishment that is located by the sea and not on a river. One of the first German seaside resorts is the 1st Royal Prussian seaside resort from 1797 on the German North Sea island of Norderney . When referring to the name Seebadeanstalt, it should be noted that this refers to the local bathing establishment as such, while the term "Seebad" is a supplement to the place name similar to the terms "Kurstadt" or "Heilbad".
Bürgerbad
In 1824, the citizen of Cannstatt, Johann Schiller, applied for permission to set up a river bathing facility in addition to the general, public river pool for circles that had reservations about the public institution. He found numerous supporters. This development towards the bourgeois salon bathroom with exclusion of the lower classes was a common phenomenon; In Würzburg , for example, people in need who had previously had access to the bathing establishment owned by the entrepreneur Obert with a medical certificate were no longer allowed to bathe there after the establishment was redesigned. Instead, Obert envisaged the establishment of a separate cold bath for the lower classes, as it was operated elsewhere, as the middle-class customers were disgusted with the filthy diseases of the lower class and did not want to share the bathing facilities with them. The public baths replaced the bathroom that was still missing in most households and mostly did not serve exclusively for personal hygiene, but were often associated with social get-togethers in closed circles and catering. In 1906, the senior spa doctor and hygienist Karl DuMont founded the Sophienbad in Eisenach as a spa and public bath. In addition to the bathing business with massage and drinking cure offers, the visitors were able to use the steam laundry of the health spa company located in the basement and the annexes of the house at reduced prices and thus increased the profitability of the indoor pool, which was only closed in 1990.
Volksbad
The word “bathing establishment” was at times a different name for public baths . Since the middle of the 20th century, on the one hand, many public baths have been closed because bathrooms in the apartments made them superfluous, on the other hand, outdoor and indoor pools were built. The traditional term bathing establishment was retained in many places and then referred to as the new bathing establishment a swimming pool .
literature
- Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon. Volume 2, Leipzig 1905, pp. 239–242 Keyword bathroom with further sub-terms (including bathing establishment) as a digitized version at Zenoorg.
- Jakob Vogel: A shimmering crystal. A history of knowledge of salt between early modern times and modern times . Böhlau-Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-15006-8 , pp. 522 .
- Hans Joachim Kessler: Healing water and bubbling springs. Encounters with historical baths in Thuringia . Ed .: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen. E. Reinhold Verlag, Altenburg 2001, ISBN 3-910166-44-X , Bad Tennstedt, p. 46-51 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry “Service description: operation of baths, swimming pools and saunas; Company name: bathing establishment, swimming pool, sauna; French translation of the service name: eploitation des bains publics, de piscines et de saunas. ”In: Rudolf Busse, Joachim Starck: Trademark law: together with the Paris Convention and the Madrid Agreement. Comment. Walter de Gruyter, 1990, p. 124 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ See definitions Search: Badeanstalt , duden.de.
- ^ J. Waltl: Description of the iron-containing mineral spring and bathing establishment Kellberg near Passau. Passau 1839, p. 90.
- ^ Bernhard Ritter: Niedernau. Spa and bathing establishment in the Kingdom of Württemberg. Rottenburg 1869, p. 17.
- ^ Bernhard Ritter: Niedernau. Spa and bathing establishment in the Kingdom of Württemberg. Rottenburg 1869, p. 37.
- ↑ Hella Kemper: Elbschwimmer. The return of a bathing culture. , Murmann Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-938017-54-6 , p. 18.
- ↑ Manuel Frey: The clean citizen. , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1997, ISBN 3-525-35782-6 , p. 232.
- ↑ from: Biographies of Eisenach personalities: Dr. med. Karl DuMont. In: Wartburgland. Issue 16. Bonn 1985, pp. 15-18.