His

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His
Course and catchment area of ​​the Seine

Course and catchment area of ​​the Seine

Data
Water code FR :  ---- 0010
location France
River system His
source on the plateau of Langres in the municipality of Source-Seine
47 ° 29 ′ 11 ″  N , 4 ° 43 ′ 0 ″  E
Source height approx.  470  m
muzzle At Le Havre in the English Channel coordinates: 49 ° 25 ′ 36 ″  N , 0 ° 6 ′ 8 ″  E 49 ° 25 ′ 36 ″  N , 0 ° 6 ′ 8 ″  E
Mouth height 0  m
Height difference approx. 470 m
Bottom slope approx. 0.6 ‰
length 777 km
Catchment area 79,000 km²
Drain at the Le Havre gauge MQ
 560 m³ / s
Big cities Paris , Rouen , Le Havre
Medium-sized cities Troyes , Melun , Mantes-la-Jolie , Vernon
Navigable from the estuary to Nogent-sur-Seine

The Seine ([ sɛn ]; Seine ? / I in French ; Latin / Celtic Sequana ) is a river in northern France . It rises in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region , flows from east to west and flows into the English Channel at Le Havre . With a length of 777 kilometers, it is one of the longest rivers in France alongside the Loire (1004 kilometers) and the merging rivers of Doubs , Saône and Rhône (a total of 1025 kilometers) . The catchment area of ​​the Seine covers around 78,650  km² . Audio file / audio sample

Important cities on the Seine are Paris , Troyes and Rouen . The main inland ports in France are located in Paris and Rouen. The Seine is connected to the Scheldt , Meuse , Rhine , Saône and Loire via canals . On the lower reaches of the river in the Normandy area, unusually large loops have formed for a river of this type . The navigable length (to Nogent-sur-Seine ) is 560 km. Seagoing ships can sail the river as far as Rouen (120 km inland).

The banks of the Seine in Paris are on the UNESCO World Heritage List .

Sources of the Seine

Artificial spring grotto of the Seine

The source of the Seine is located on the Langres plateau , 25 km northwest of Dijon in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region , 470  m above sea level. A special feature is that the sources of the Seine have been the property of the city of Paris since 1864. An artificial grotto was built a year later to protect the main spring and a statue of a nymph was placed to symbolize the river. The capital has meanwhile lost interest in the plot and returned it to the region. Near the source are the remains of a Gallo-Roman temple in which a Dea Sequana ( Latin goddess of the Seine ) was worshiped and whose archaeological finds are now in the Archaeological Museum of Dijon.

The valley of the Seine

Its at Caudebec-en-Caux , about 25 km before the start of the estuary

The Seine flows along its entire length through the layered stepland of the Paris basin , the relief of which is characterized by broad-based high waves like in the dry Champagne and some more prominent hills. The narrow valley of the upper reaches of the Langres plateau in the Troyes area is followed by an approximately one kilometer wide valley floor between very gentle slopes. Further west to the mouth of the Voulzie near Bray-sur-Seine , the valley floor widens to over 5 km, and finally the slopes become steeper, at least on the north side. The surrounding heights are here on the north side about 100 m, on the south side about 50 m above the river. At Fontainebleau , whose city center lies in a side valley, there is a narrow valley, and the Seine valley crosses a ridge in the form of a gate . Near Paris and from there to just before the mouth, the valley runs in numerous loops and accordingly asymmetrical valley sections with sliding slope and impact slope . The width of the valley floor varies greatly and is small over long stretches. The cross-section is even asymmetrical at the Île de la Cité in Paris, where the course of the river is almost straight: South of the river, the Latin Quarter does not rise steeply, but it rises significantly, while the flat Marais ("swamp") extends over several from the north bank Kilometers to almost the Gare du Nord . From Paris to shortly before the mouth, the valley does not become flatter, the valley floor necessarily sinks from about 50 m above sea level to almost zero, but the hills remain almost the same height.

The Seine valley is known for its numerous castles (“ Seine castles ”), but also for the automotive industry, petrochemicals and several power plants that exist there.

Islands in the Seine

View from the Seine to the Île des Impressionnistes

Above the greater Paris area:

Greater Paris:

Below the greater Paris area

  • at Mantes-la-Jolie (left bank) and Limay (right bank):
    • Île from Dames: 2.67 km × max. 230 m
    • Île l'Aumône: 2 km × max. 278 m
  • At Les Mureaux : Belle-Île, 5.7 km × max. 340 m
  • Bennecourt : Grande Île, 6 km × max 330 m
  • Criquebeuf-en-Caux near Elbeuf : Island with three partial names, Île de Launy - Île de Criquebeuf - Île du Courant, 8.5 km × max. 370 m

Cities on the Seine

- in brackets the number of inhabitants, medium- sized cities in italics , large cities in bold -

Above the greater Paris area:

Its in Châtillon
Ile de la Cité with the Notre Dame Cathedral
The Seine near La Défense

Greater Paris:

therein Métropole du Grand Paris :

still greater area, west of the Métropole du Grand Paris:

Below the greater Paris area:

Its in Rouen

Estuary

Map of the Seine estuary around 1875

Three large bridges span the wide river valley in the estuary: the Brotonne Bridge , the Bridge of Tancarville and the Pont de Normandie . The latter was at times the longest bridge in Europe. The Seine flows between Le Havre and Honfleur and forms a long estuary from Tancarville . This is spanned by the Pont de Normandie. In 1997, an area of ​​8,528 hectares was placed under nature protection. Reed areas, dunes, sandbanks and wet meadows provide habitat for over 250 different bird species. An information center at the northern bridgehead offers natural history about the nature reserve and an observation station.

Tributaries

Just looking at the map shows that the Seine river system is characterized by a number of long first-degree tributaries that flow parallel to the Seine at a great distance, but sometimes arise not very far from it. The tributaries of the tributaries often run quite a long distance parallel to their target water before they make an arc to it. The length comparisons in the table make it clear that the source of the Marne has the longest stretch of river to the sea. The flow paths to the Seine estuary from the sources of the Aube , the Yonne and some of their tributaries, as well as the Aire and the Aisne, are hardly shorter than that of the Seine itself.

River system of the Seine
The Seine, its tributaries and their tributaries from 36 km in length (order upstream)
Representation:
  • If in a line the indication of the confluence side (“right” / “left”) has been moved under the name box of a
    line above, the body of water shown in the bottom line flows into the one shown in the above line.
  • If an inflow of a next higher-ranking river is listed in the line under an inflow of a tributary of a tributary
    , the associated page number is accordingly further ahead under the beginning of the name box of the higher-ranking river.
  • Arrows point downstream and mark the upper parts of a previously mentioned river course.
  • Waters of less than 36 km in length are included
    if they form a longer flow path together with another or parts of another.
    In such cases (among other things), the distance from the source or the mouth of the target body of water is indicated for mouths.
Mouth in the
direction of flow
seen from		 Surname Estuary
- [km] -
Honfleur		 Location of the mouth Code
SANDRE		 Length
[km]		 Catchment
area
[km²]		 Mean
discharge
[m³ / s]		 Source
- [km] -
Honfleur
His 0000 Le Havre , Honfleur ---- 0010 777, 00 79,000 00 563, 000 777, 0
Left Risle , 006.8 Berville-sur-Mer H6-0200 145, 00 2,300 0 14th, 00 152, 0
Left Charentonne 8 km below Beaumont-le-Roger H61-0400 63, 0 514 4th, 0
Left Your 138.9 Pont-de-l'Arche H4-0200 228.70 6 017 0 26.20 427.6
Left Iton Acquigny H43-0400 131.80 1 197 0 4.7
right Vesgre vs. Ivry-la-Bataille H42-0410 45, 0
Left Avre 6 km north of Dreux H42-0400 80.4 974 3.6
Left Blaise Dreux H41-0410 49, 0 425 01.96
right Andelle 4 km above. Pont-de-l'Arche H32-0400 56.8 740 7.2
right Epte 4 km above Vernon H31-0400 113, 00 1 490 0 9.8
Left Mauldre 6–8 km above. Mantes-la-Jolie H30-0400 34.8 / 37.6 411
Left Lieutel 10.9 km after its source H3038000 13.7
right Oise 284.4 Conflans-Sainte-Honorine H --- 0100 0341.1 16 667 00 110, 000 525.5
Left Nonet 8 km below Creil H22-0400 40.4 / 43 338 1.6
Left Whimsy 13.4 km after its source H21-0400 16, 0
right Thérain below Nogent-sur-Oise H21-0400 94.3 1 218 0 7.7
right Brêche Nogent-sur-Oise H20-0420 45.5 468 2.3
Left Aisne 0383.55 Compiègne , 99.15 km before Oise-Mdg. H1-0200 355.9 / 362 7,939 0 65.40 745.4
Left Vesle 10 km east of Soissons H15-0400 139.50 1 480 0 7.5
Left Ardre Fismes H15-0420 39.3 302 1.5
Left Suippe 20 km north of Reims H13-0410 81.7 837 43, 0
Left Returns Neufchâtel H1360600 45.4 335 1.6
right Vaux 7 km west of Rethel H13-0400 37.7 316 4.5
right Aire 625.4 SW Grandpré , 120 km to Aisne-Q. H11-0400 125.60 1 050 0 13.6 751, 0
Left Ailette Manicamp H02-0400 59.5 540 3, 0
Left Serre la Fère H01-0400 95.9 1 743 0 13.10
right Vilpion 5 km above Crécy-sur-Serre H01-0410 42.8 720
Left Brune 4 km above Marle H0120600 37.5 165
Left volume Entreaupont H0030600 56.3 294 3.7
right Marne 361.3 2 km above. Paris city ​​limits F --- 0100 514, 00 12 920 110, 000 875, 0
Left Grand Morin at Esbly F65-0400 118.20 1 197 0 7.6
Left Aubetin 5 km below Coulommiers F65-0410 61.2 270 1.5
right Ourcq Lizy-sur-Ourcq F63-0400 87, 0 345 2.1
Left Petit Morin la Ferté-sous-Jouarre F62-0400 86.3 605 3.4
Left Surmelin 10 km above. Château-Thierry F61-0400 41.5 454 2.7
Left Somme Soude Jâlons F6090600 24.6 / 59.9 500 02.75
right Soude 2.5 km below Villeseneux F6092000 22.6
↑ Somme F6090600 35.3
right Saulx Vitry-le-François F5-0200 115.40 2 100 0 25.70
right Chee Vitry-en-Perthois F58-0400 64.7 ~ 400, 0 4th, 0
right Vière about 5 km above its mouth F58-0410 + 42.2 180 1.3
right Ornain 4 km before the Saulx estuary F56-0400 116.20 913 10.90
Left (Le Cavé ←) Blaise Frignycourt F53-0400 85.5 480
right Rognon 8 km above Joinville F51-0400 73.3 614 9.2
Left Suize Chaumont F5050600 48.6 277 0.8
right Yerres Montgeron F4-0210 97.5 1 020 0 3.5
Left Orge Savigny-sur-Orge F46-0400 50.1 , 0951.9 3.9
Left Yvette Épinay-sur-Orge F46-0420 39.3 286 1.3
Left Essonne Corbeil-Essons F45-0400 97.1 1,870 0 8.1
Left Juine at Saint-Vrain F45-0420 55, 0 700
Left Loing 444.3 at Moret-sur-Loing F4-0200 142.70 4 182 0 19th, 00 587.0
right Orvanne 4 km from its mouth F4398000 38.8 0.4
right Lunain 10 km from its mouth F4380600 51.4 252 0.7
right Cléry northeast Nargis F4210600 43.1 270 01.45
Left Bezonde 7 km above Montargis F42-0400 35/40 350 1.5
right Huillard 25.3 km from its source F4240600 25.9 / 30.4 950 4.8
Left Moth Busy 10.3 km from its source F4242000 14.8
Left Puiseaux Montargis F4210600 37, 0 110 0.5
right Vernisson Montargis F4218000 37.2 100 0.3
right Ouanne 7 km above Montargis F41-0400 83.8 950 4.8
Left Branlin 3 km above. Charny F4140600 43.7
Left Yonne 457.7 Montereau-Fault-Yonne F3-0200 292.30 10 836 00 93, 00 750.0
right Vanne Sens F3-0200 59, 0 990 5.4
Left Vrin 5 km northwest. Joigny F3531000 37, 0 148 0.7
Left Tholon at Joigny F3520600 37.9 167 0.8
right Armançon Migennes F3-0210 202, 00 3,077 29, 00
right Armance Saint-Florentin F34-0400 47.7 520 3.8
right Burn 6 km below Montbard F33-0400 71.7 491 7.8
right Oze Venaray-les-Laumes F3350600 42, 0 252 2.6
right Serein 5 km above Migennes F32-0400 188, 00 1 119 0 7.7
right Cure at Vermenton F31-0400 112, 00 1 311 0 16.20
right cousin 10 km west of Avallon F31-0410 31/67 366 3.9
right Romanée 2 km south of Cussy-les-Forges F3140600 25.8 114
↑ Trinquelin ← cousin F31-0410 36, 0
Left Chalaux Lac de Chaumeçon F3110600 36.2 110 2.1
Left Beuvron ← Vaucreuse Clamecy F30-0400 40.5 264 2.1
right Armance 4 km southeast. Clamecy F3040600 24.2 76 2.1
right Voulzie 2 km below Bray-sur-Seine F23-0400 43.9 286 1.7
Left Orvin 12 km west of Nogent-sur-Seine F21-0400 38.1
right Aube 524.8 at Romilly-sur-Seine F1-0200 248.30 4,660 0 41, 00 773.1
right Superbe 17 km from its mouth F15-0400 39.5 320 1.6
right Voire 2 km below Lesmont F12-0400 56.1 896 7.1
right Aujon 14 km above. Bar-sur-Aube F11-0400 68, 0 481 6.5
right Barse Troyes F08-0400 50.1 463
Left Hozain Troyes F07-0400 24.6 249 1.4
Left Marve 1.9 km from its source F0701000 20.1 74
right Ource 2 km above. Bar-sur-Seine F04-0400 100.40 737 8.6
Left Laignes (lower reaches) Polisy F02-0400 33.2 / 72 668
↑ (as a sinkhole ) Laignes 17.9
↑ Laignes (upper course) Puits communal forest 21st, 0

Water management and ecology

Surface water of the Seine is used for the Parisian water supply . After its purification, the wastewater from the greater Paris area is fed to the Seine and flows into the English Channel via Rouen and Le Havre. The Seine is brown in winter as it passes agricultural areas for 400 km . In summer it is colored green by algae. Until the middle of the 19th century, the Parisian sewage was discharged untreated into the river. From around 1850 onwards, they were taken out of the city in sewers and led down into the river. After that, people switched to not directing the wastewater directly into the Seine, but using it to fertilize fields . Sewage treatment plants were built from the middle of the 20th century. Compared to 1850, when the Seine was a stinking sewer, the water quality has improved significantly. Today, 35 species of fish live in the Seine again, including salmon and trout .

Seine floods

The oldest surviving flood of the Seine in the Paris Basin occurred in the winter of 358 during the stay of the Roman Emperor Julian in Lutetia and was mentioned in his Misopogon . The description of the flood of February 582 was handed down to Gregory of Tours (Grégoire) in the Historia Francorum .

After severe winters in 1197, 1325/26, 1708/09 the water masses tore away bridges in Paris and plague epidemics broke out. The last severe flooding occurred in January 1910 , when twelve of the 20 arrondissements in Paris were flooded for six weeks.

Ice drift on the Seine in Paris: the Quai Saint-Michel in January 1880.
High water marks at Bassin Arsenal , June 3, 2016

The following list of floods in Paris does not claim to be exhaustive.

  • 358
  • February 582
  • 1197
  • In 1280 a flood destroyed the Grand-Pont;
  • 1296: in December, a flood of previously unknown proportions destroys all bridges in the city ;
  • 1325/26
  • 1616: Ice and flooding cause several houses to collapse on the Pont Saint-Michel (January 30) and Pont au Change bridges ;
  • 1656:
  • 1658: March 1, a flood swamped the two of Ile Saint-Louis closest arches of the Pont Marie continued and 20 standing out houses;
  • 1684: on February 20th, during a flood, the Pont-Barbier sinks into the water (later replaced by the Pont-Royal );
  • 1708/09: in winter the ice drift of the Seine shakes the structure of the Pont Saint-Landry (also Pont de Bois , see Pont Saint-Louis ) to such an extent that its demolition is decided and carried out in 1710;
  • 1740
  • 1802
  • 1880:
  • 1910: devastating flooding of the Seine from January 18 to March / April - maximum level: 8.62 m
  • 1924
  • 1955
  • 1982
  • 1995
  • 2016 - level 6.10 m
  • 28/29 January 2018 - several hours of water level 5.84–5.85 m

The Seine in art

Sisley : L'automne: Bords de la Seine près de Bougival (Autumn: the banks of the Seine near Bougival), 1873
Bords de Seine à Argenteuil , 1874, by Claude Monet .
Seurat : Un dimanche après-midi à l'île de la Grande Jatte (Sunday afternoon on the ...)
Family graves Vacquerie and Hugo in Villequier. Charles Vacquerie and Léopoldine, born Hugo, drowned in the Seine after their boat capsized.
Visual arts
Paintings and a. by Frédéric Bazille, Maurice Boitel, Richard Parkes Bonington, Eugène Boudin, Gustave Caillebotte, Camille Corot, Charles-François Daubigny, Raoul Dufy, Émile Othon Friesz, Eugène Isabey, Johan Barthold Jongkind, Joseph Mallord, Albert Marquet, Claude Monet , Robert Antoine Pinchon, Nicolas Raguenet , Emilio Grau Sala, Gaston Sébire, Alfred Sisley , Georges Seurat , Constant Troyon, William Turner , Édouard Vuillard or Vallotton.
Statues: for example the Seine on the Pont du Carrousel
Chanson
by Jacques Charpentrau: Le Front de Seine. “La Seine a mal au front / Ah! Ce n'est pas de veine / Il lui vient des bétons / De Javel à Grenelle / C'est comme une éruption / Une fièvre malsaine ... "
Movies
Itineraries France: The Song of the Seine. Documentation, two parts, 90 min. A film by Georg Bense, production: SR , first broadcasts: November 29, 2006 and December 6, 2006

Trivia

See also

literature

  • Jean Aubert: La vie des bords de Seine . Éditions Horvath: Le Coteau (Loire) 1986 ISBN 978-2-7171-0414-1 (French)
  • François Beaudouin: Paris-sur-Seine, ville fluviale . Éditions de la Martinière, 1993 ISBN 978-2-7324-2035-6 (French)
François Beaudouin was the founder of the Musée de la batellerie in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine and was the curator there until 1994.
  • Conseil général des Ponts et Chaussées (ed.): L'estuaire de la Seine . October 2004, 63 pp. (French)
  • Martine Delahaye: Les enfants du fleuve, la Seine au 20e siècle - Récits, Nanterre . Martine Delahaye, 2001, 233 p. (French)
  • Christian Dupavillon: Paris côté Seine . Le Seuil: Paris 2001, 383 pp. ISBN 978-2-02-051688-4 (French)
  • Antoine Hoareau: Au pays des sources de la Seine . Cléa Micro-édition, 2010, 80 pp. ISBN 978-2-913835-99-3 (French)
  • Bernard Jacomin: Les Sources de la Seine . Yvelinédition, 2006 ISBN 978-2-84668-049-3 (French)
  • Simon Lacordaire: Les inconnus de la Seine, Paris et les métiers de l'eau du XIIe au XIXe siècle . Hachette: Paris 1985, 306 pp. ISBN 978-2-01-009763-8 (French)
  • Charlotte Lacour-Veyranne: Les colères de la Seine . Éditions Paris-Musées, 1994 ISBN 978-2-87900-191-3 (French)
  • François Lespinasse: La Seine vue par les peintres . Édita SA: Lausanne 1993, 139 pp. ISBN 978-2-88001-286-1 (French)

Web links

Commons : Seine  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b geoportail.fr (1: 16,000)
  2. ↑ a b The information on the length of the river is based on the information about the Seine at SANDRE (French), accessed on July 30, 2009, rounded to full kilometers.
  3. ↑ a b hydro.eaufrance.fr (station: H9950010 , option: Synthèse ) .
  4. ↑ a b Oise with Aisne, Aisne with Aire
  5. ↑ a b with length measurement
  6. ↑ also listed because of the same name as the not so short tributary of the Armançon
  7. ↑ Outline> SANDRE describes under the name Ruisseau de Marcenay (F02-0410) with a map of the upper course with regard to length and neighboring communities the entire river under Laignes (F02400) only the lower course after the karst source.
  8. ↑ FAQ of SIAAP .
  9. ↑ Charlotte Lacour-Veyranne, Les colères de la Seine , Ed. Paris-Musées, 1994, ISBN 978-2-87900-191-3 .
  10. ↑ Willms, Johannes: When Paris was like Venice, The capital of modernity under the spell of the "grande crue": memories of a century flood in Süddeutsche Zeitung of January 26, 2010.
  11. ↑ Regarding the floods in the period from 1600 to 1840 see A. Goubet: Les crues dans le bassin de la Seine du 17e au début du 19e siècle [1]
  12. ↑ Maurice Champion: Les inondations en France depuis le VIe siècle jusqu'à nosjours Volume 1, Dalmont, 1858 ( online ), p. 73
  13. ^ Andrew Ayers, The Architecture of Paris , 2004, p. 390
  14. ↑ Flood of the Seine peaked in Paris orf.at, January 29, 2018, accessed January 29, 2018.
  15. ↑ Four meters above normal level orf.at, January 29, 2018, accessed January 29, 2018. - Photo report.
  16. ^ Stoppel, Karl (Ed.): La France. Regards sur un pays voisin , Reclams Universal-Bibliothek , No. 9068, p. 68.
  17. ↑ The song of his table of contents of the SR
  18. ↑ Alexandre Choron: Dictionnaire historique des musiciens, artistes et amateurs morts ou vivants , Volume 1, Valade, 1810, p. 383 digitized
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