Pont du Carrousel
Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 33 " N , 2 ° 19 ′ 58" E
| Pont du Carrousel | ||
|---|---|---|
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| use | Road bridge | |
| Crossing of | His | |
| place | Paris | |
| construction | Reinforced concrete arch bridge | |
| overall length | 168 m | |
| width | 33 m | |
| Number of openings | three | |
| Longest span | 36 + 42 + 36 m | |
| start of building | 1935 | |
| completion | 1939 | |
| location | ||
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The Pont du Carrousel is a road bridge over the Seine in Paris , which connects the Quai François-Mitterrand and the Place du Carrousel in the courtyard of the Louvre in the 1st arrondissement on the right bank with the Quai Voltaire in the 6th arrondissement on the left bank. The next bridge upstream is the Pont des Arts , after the Pont du Carrousel the Pont Royal follows downstream .
Current Bridge (1939)
The current Pont du Carrousel is a six-lane road bridge with wide walkways on both sides, with the central lanes reserved for urban buses. It crosses the river Seine, which is 125 m wide at this point, with three flat reinforced concrete arches clad with natural stone so that they blend in better with the surrounding area. At its outer corners there are four allegorical statues created by Louis Petitot for the former bridge, depicting the Seine, the city of Paris, prosperity and business ( la Seine, la ville de Paris, l'Abondance et l'Industrie ). At the corners of the forecourt there are bronze pillars reminiscent of obelisks in the Art Deco style , on which lights for the bridge are installed at a height of 13 m , which can be telescoped out to a height of 20 m at night.
The Pont du Carrousel, built from 1935 to 1939, is 33 m wide, including the statues at the ends of the bridge, it is 38 m wide. The three arches have spans of 36 + 42 + 36 m. In the abutments there are passages for the riverside paths. Including these abutments, the bridge is 168 m long.
Original bridge (1834)
Award and construction of the bridge
In 1830, at the beginning of the July monarchy , the concession for the construction and operation of a new bridge was put out to tender, which should span the Seine with only two piers, a new requirement for fixed bridges. Antoine-Rémy Polonceau was inspired by Carl Friedrich von Wiebeking and Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach to design an arched bridge with girders made of cast-iron tubes, the gussets of which were filled with rings of decreasing diameter instead of the vertical elevations that later became common. Polonceau hoped that his proposal would be successful, also because no iron bridge had been built in Paris since the Pont des Arts and Pont d'Austerlitz almost 30 years ago. In the procurement process, however, the contract was awarded for one of the suspension bridges often built by the Marc Seguin brothers at the time . Polonceau did not want to accept this and achieved in court proceedings that the contract was canceled and the contract for an iron bridge was awarded, but for the design of a competitor. Polonceau bought the concession from this and obtained permission to carry out his own design.
Polonceau began construction of the bridge in October 1832, was able to overcome his financial difficulties and opened the bridge on November 1, 1834.
Surname
The Pont du Carrousel was originally called Pont du Louvre , later called Pont des Saints-Pères after the road that followed it. The name Pont du Carrousel goes back to an equestrian festival in 1662 , which was ordered by Louis XIV to celebrate the birth of the Dauphin , according to other opinions more for the pleasure of Mlle. De la Vallière .
description
The bridge was 151 m long between the two abutments . Its two pillars, reaching up to the bridge deck, were 4 m wide on the fighters , so that spans of 47.67 m with an arrow height of 4.9 m resulted for the three large, flat arches . A clearance height of 9.50 m was prescribed for the central arch. At that time, the outer arches also had to span the towpaths and , on the other hand, connect to the level of the riverside roads, which were not allowed to be raised. This made it necessary to construct the outer arches with a slope. Since the level of the towpaths and quays could not be lowered, the arched girders ended at the abutments below the level of the quays.
Each arch had five arch supports, which were arranged at a lateral distance of 2.80 m and stiffened by transverse and diagonal struts. These arches consisted of tubes with an oval cross-section that were 66 cm high and 42 cm wide. Since at that time cast iron parts could hardly be longer than 5 m and it was much easier to cast pipe halves than curved pipes, sections of left and right pipe halves were joined together so that the end of one section was in the middle of the section of the other pipe half. With the collar protruding for the screw connection, the pipes were 85 cm high. The hollow space of the pipes consisted of several layers of bitumen- soaked wooden boards, the remaining hollow spaces were filled with liquid bitumen. The pipes came from Émile Martin's foundry in Fourchambault .
The gussets between the pipe arches and the bridge deck were filled with six cast iron rings with diameters from 4 m to 0.30 m decreasing towards the center. These rings had short horizontal connecting profiles with one another, while they were clamped between the pipe bends and the bridge deck without a fixed connection in the manner of a roller and mounted on the collar of the pipe halves. They were soon popularly known as napkin rings .
architectural art
The concession stipulated that the executing companies had to provide the municipal administration with an amount of 80,000 francs, which the administration could use for the artistic beautification of the building. This is how the four allegorical female figures seated at the corners of the bridge, which still exist today, depict the Seine, the city of Paris, prosperity and commerce ( la Seine, la ville de Paris, l'Abondance et l'Industrie ). Their bases were hollow, they housed rooms for the bridge toll cashiers .
Another story
As was customary at the time, the license was granted to a consortium formed by the investors in the form of a limited partnership . This company, which was relatively easy and quick to set up, was to be converted into a stock corporation (subject to approval) after the license was granted . While construction of the bridge was completed in 14 months despite a delay, it took another three years for the public limited company to be finally established and approved.
In 1848 the city of Paris replaced the concession originally granted for 34 years and 6 months and ended the toll.
Major repairs were carried out in 1883, and in 1904 the wooden bridge deck was replaced with a steel deck. Even so, the bridge showed considerable vibrations, with the vibrations often matching the rhythm of the horse's trot, which led to complaints in the audience.
In 1935 the bridge, although still in good condition, was dismantled and replaced by the much wider reinforced concrete bridge of today.
On May 2, 2003, a plaque in memory of Brahim Bouarram was placed on the bridge.
Bridges of the same type
Also based on plans by Polonceau, the Pont de la Haute-Chaîne in Angers , Maine-et-Loire , was opened in 1839 , which was destroyed in 1944 and replaced by a reinforced concrete bridge in 1951. The Pont Saint-Thomas was built in Strasbourg in 1841 and is still in use. In Bourguignon-lès-Conflans , the bridge over the Lanterne was opened in 1849 and is no longer used. The Puente de Isabel II was opened in Seville in 1852 and is still in use after a renovation.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pont du Carrousel on planete-tp.com (French)
- ↑ In 1811 Reichenbach was probably the first to propose cast-iron pipe segments for bridge structures. Quoted from: Richard J. Dietrich: Fascination Bridges. 2nd expanded edition, Callwey, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-7667-1511-9 , p. 48
- ↑ Georg Reichenbach: Theory of bridge arches and suggestions for iron bridges in any size. Jos. Lindauer, Munich 1811 ( digitized on Google Books)
- ↑ a b c d Antoine-Rémy Polonceau: Notice sur le nouveau système de ponts en fonte suivi dans la construction du pont du Carrousel. Carilian-Gœury et V e Dalmont, Paris 1839 ( digitized on Google Books)
- ↑ a b c d e f Marcel Prade: Ponts & Viaducs au XIXe Siècle . Brissaud, Poitiers 1988, ISBN 2-902170-59-9 , p. 314
- ↑ The cast-iron arch truss bridges in France. In: Friedrich Heinzerling: The bridges in iron. Verlag von Otto Spamer, Leipzig 1870, p. 107 ( digitized on Google Books)
- ↑ Bernard Marrey: Les Ponts Modern; 18 e –19 e siècles. Picard éditeur, Paris 1990, ISBN 2-7084-0401-6 , p. 153
- ↑ Une plaque pour Brahim Bouarram . In: L'Humanité . May 2, 2003 ( humanite.fr [accessed May 2, 2017]).
- ↑ Bernard Marrey: Les Ponts Modern; 20 e siècle. Picard éditeur, Paris 1995, ISBN 2-7084-0484-9 , p. 74