Vernon (yours)

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Vernon
Vernon Coat of Arms
Vernon (France)
Vernon
region Normandy
Department Your
Arrondissement Les Andelys
Canton Vernon (main town)
Community association Its Normandy agglomeration
Coordinates 49 ° 6 ′  N , 1 ° 29 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′  N , 1 ° 29 ′  E
height 10-148 m
surface 34.92 km 2
Residents 23,872 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 684 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 27200
INSEE code 27681
Website www.vernon27.fr

Mairie

Vernon is a French city with 23,872 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy . It belongs to the Arrondissement Les Andelys and is the capital of the Canton of Vernon .

geography

Vernon is located on the border with the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region on the Seine , 67 kilometers northwest of Paris and 21 kilometers northeast of Évreux , the seat of the prefecture of the department , at an average altitude of 79 meters above sea ​​level . The village is surrounded by the neighboring municipalities of Saint-Marcel , Bois-Jérôme-Saint-Ouen , Giverny and Blaru . The municipality has an area of ​​34.92 square kilometers. In terms of area, Vernon is the largest city in the Évreux arrondissement.

Vernon is assigned to a type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ) climate zone : warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.

history

Murus Gallicus , Gallic fortification walls of a Celtic oppidum , have so far (as of 1993) only been found in the entire department in the Vernonnet district of Vernon.

Vernon was first mentioned in 750 in a charter by Pippin the Younger (714-768). Rollo (860–931 / 932) awarded Vernon as marquisate to Osmond de Centvilles († after 968). In 1260 the fiefdom of Vernon fell to Margaret of Provence (1221–1295). In the 16th century it belonged to Renée de France (1510–1574).

On October 8, 1596, King Henry IV of France visited Bizy, the fief of Bizy. In 1675 the seigneurie was elevated to a marquisate. In 1721 Louis-Charles-Auguste Fouquet de Belle-Isle received Bizy and the counties of Gisors , Vernon and Les Andelys in exchange for Belle-Île . On September 21, 1749 Louis XV visited and Madame de Pompadour the castle. When Fouquet died in 1761, Bizy fell to the king. In 1767 King Bizy traded with Louis Auguste de Bourbon, prince de Dombes (1700–1755) for Dombes . In 1775 Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre (1725–1793) inherited the fief. After 1783 he spent a lot of time at the castle and lived there from 1792. During the French Revolution (1789–1799) the castle was confiscated and declared a national property.

Bernard Montgomery crossed the Seine at Vernon on September 1, 1944.

In World War II (1939-1945) Vernon was born on 8 and 9 June 1940, the Air Force of the Armed Forces bombed . The city was of particular military importance at that time, the 11th artillery regiment (11e régiment d'artillerie) was stationed there, there was also a military school and an ammunition factory. Incendiary bombs were dropped on the city on June 8th . They also met the kindergarten and the college (at that time école primaire supérieur ). Fires broke out, over 250 houses were destroyed and around 177 people died. The Notre-Dame collegiate church was slightly damaged. The evacuation of the hospital dragged on until June 9th. On the afternoon of June 9th, the two bridges over the Seine were blown up. The Germans marched into Vernon on the morning of June 10th. There were only about 200 inhabitants left in the city, everyone else had fled. The following nights the Royal Air Force launched attacks against the German anti-aircraft guns , and the bridge that had just been repaired was destroyed again.

In May and June 1944, during Operation Overlord , there were three bombings by the Allied Air Force. This was particularly true of the Vernon Bridge and adjacent neighborhoods. The aerial bombs weighed up to 1000 kg. A total of 103 people died, there were also numerous injuries and 40 buildings were destroyed. On August 28, the city was under cannon fire . The local Forces françaises de l'intérieur supported the attacking Allies and occupied the Mairie. The battle for Vernon lasted a total of 8 days.

Incorporations

In the years 1804 and 1805 Vernonnet was incorporated, it is located on the orographic right side of the Seine.

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2017
Residents 17,247 18,872 22,422 22,243 23,659 24,056 24,018 23,872
Sources: Cassini and INSEE

partnership

Culture and sights

Vernon is represented with three flowers in the Conseil national des villes et villages fleuris (National Council of Flowered Cities and Villages). The "flowers" are awarded in the course of a regional competition, whereby a maximum of three flowers can be achieved.

Buildings

Claude Monet used the old mill as a motif for several pictures
  • Tour des Archives : Rest of the old Vernon Castle
  • Château des Tourelles : the 12th century castle is one of the last intact castles in France
  • Vieux Moulin : the 'old mill' is built on a medieval bridge

Bizy Castle

Bizy Castle was built in the 17th century. It was an elongated building with two raised pavilions on the sides. Louis-Charles-Auguste Fouquet de Belle-Isle had the palace expanded from 1741 to 1743 by the architect Pierre Contant d'Ivry (1698–1777). In 1797 it was sold to a real estate agent , the residential building was destroyed. In 1805 a new, more modest residential building was built. In 1830 Louis-Philippe I inherited the castle and had it extended by two side wings, the original buildings restored and an English landscape garden set up. The king often visited Bizy and mostly took the train to get there. In 1858 the French state sold the castle to Fernand Schickler, then mayor of Vernon. Starting in 1860, he had the central part of the residential building replaced by a building inspired by Italian architecture. In 1909 Schickler bequeathed the palace to his nephew Louis Joseph, duc d'Albufera (1877–1953), who had the courtyard enclosed by two side wings. The castle is privately owned and was officially classified as a historical monument in 1974 . The park can be visited for a fee from April to October. It particularly impresses with its water features . In the stables there is a collection of calashes from the 19th century.

monastery

In the 13th century there was already a convent of the Third Order of St. Francis in Vernonet. In 1618 the Couvent des Pénitents ('Convent of Penitents ') was built. In the course of the French Revolution, the monastery was sold in 1792. In the 19th century, many elements of the old monastery were still preserved, including the monastery cells , the refectory , a chapel and the cloister . In 1912 the new owner had the remains of the monastery destroyed and built a castle on the site. In the park there were pillars that came from a Renaissance chapel that had been destroyed in the revolution. In 1914 the building was used as an auxiliary hospital. The building burned down on June 8, 1940. Today only the stairs of the park and the residential building of the prior remain.

Notre-Dame Collegiate Church

The Gothic church of Notre-Dame (' Our Lady ') was built towards the end of the 11th century. In 1160 Guillaume de Vernon († 1166) founded a cathedral chapter in Vernon and the Notre-Dame church became a collegiate church. The church patronage was held by the Seigneur von Vernon. The side chapels were added in the 15th century. In the course of the French Revolution, the cathedral chapter was dissolved. In 1793 and 1794 the church served as the Temple de la Raison ('Temple of Reason') of the cult of the Supreme Being . After the revolution it was used again by the Roman Catholic Church . In 1862 the building was classified as a monument historique . Almost all windows were destroyed in World War II. One from the end of the 15th century escaped destruction because it had been relocated. It was restored in 1875 and lost parts in the lower area were supplemented by depictions from the life of John the Baptist . The upper and middle part is about passion . The window was classified as a monument historique in 1862 . There are remains of a liter funéraire (mourning ribbon) in the church, but the coats of arms are not well enough preserved to be able to assign them to certain seigneurs.

  • Tour of the archive

  • Bizy Castle

  • Window from the end of the 15th century

Economy and Infrastructure

Vernon has housed the Atelier technique et aéronautique de Rickenbach since 1945 , where the Snecma (Société nationale d'étude et de construction de moteurs d'aviation) develops the engines with which the French combat aircraft are equipped.

The Laboratoire de recherches balistiques et aérodynamiques (LRBA) , a branch of the Délégation Générale pour l'Armement (DGA), is also located in the city.

Vernon is classified as Ville Internet ('Internet City') with an @ . The “@s” are awarded to cities that promote the expansion and use of the Internet, with a maximum of five @s being awarded.

Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) apply to pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand) in the municipality .

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Vernon  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Vernon in the Base Mémoire des Ministère de la culture (French)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c La ville de Vernon. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved June 30, 2012 (French).
  2. ^ Dominique Cliquet: L'Eure . 27. In: Michel Provost, Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Ministere de la culture (ed.): Carte Archéologique de la Gaule . Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-87754-018-9 , p. 343 f . (French).
  3. ↑ a b Pierre Bodin: Les liters seigneuriales des églises de l'Eure . Ed .: Amis des Monuments et Sites de l'Eure, Amis de Bernay, Conseil général de l'Eure, Direction, Régionale des Affaires Culturelles [DRAC]. Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau May 2005, pp. 171 f . (French).
  4. ↑ a b c d Entry No. 27681 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  5. ↑ a b c A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 23 f. + 184 (first published in 1946, French).
  6. ↑ Vernon - notice communal. In: Cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved July 1, 2012 (French).
  7. ↑ Palmarès des villes et villages fleuris. (No longer available online.) Conseil National des Villes et Villages Fleuris, formerly the original ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.cnvvf.fr  
  8. ↑ A. Blanchard, M. Delafenêtre, Lisa Pascual: Jardins de Normandie . Your. Connaissance des Jardins, Caen 2001, ISBN 2-912454-07-7 , pp. 102 . (French)
  9. ↑ Entry No. 27681 in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  10. ^ Vernon @ 2007. In: villesinternet. association des Villes Internet, accessed on July 21, 2012 (French).