Gisors

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Gisors
Coat of arms of Gisors
Gisors (France)
Gisors
region Normandy
Department Your
Arrondissement Les Andelys
Canton Gisors (main town)
Community association Vexin Normand
Coordinates 49 ° 17 '  N , 1 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 17 '  N , 1 ° 47'  E
height 47-142 m
surface 16.67 km 2
Residents 11,537 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 692 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 27140
INSEE code 27284
Website http://www.ville-gisors.fr/

The church as seen from the castle

Gisors is a French city with 11,537 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy . After the Second World War , the municipality received the Croix de guerre 1939-1945 . Legend has it that the treasure of the Knights Templar was hidden in Gisors in 1307 .

geography

Gisors is the easternmost municipality in the Eure department. It is located in northern France in the Vexin on the border between the Vexin normand and the Vexin français , at the confluence of the Epte , the Troësne and the Réveillon on the eastern edge of the Eure department. To the north-west of the town center is the Gisors forest, on the edge of which is the Ferme du Mont de l'Aigle . In the south of the town center is the hamlet Boisgeloup , which belongs to the municipality.

history

In 968 the place was first mentioned as Gisortis .

The name belongs to a whole series of French place names with the final syllable or , such as Niort or Jort . According to Beaurepaire, the name Gisortis originated from Gisus , a Gallic first name or the Celtic word geso , 'tip' or 'lance', and rito , 'ford' (old Kymrisch : rit , Kymrisch : rhyd ). The location of the place on the different rivers supports this hypothesis. The meaning could be “ford marked with lances”.

The word part giso- also appears in the name of the Celtic god Gisacus , who is mentioned in an inscription found in Gisacum (near Le Vieil-Évreux ).

Other linguistic historians theorized in the 19th century that Gisors was founded by Gaius Iulius Caesar (100 BC to 44 BC). That is now considered obsolete. The hill above the Epte valley on which Gisors is located is called Mont-de-l'Aigle ('Mountain of the Eagle'). There is to legend, after Caesar camp have pitched, because the eagle was a part of the field character of the Roman legions . According to the outdated theory mentioned above, the place name originated from Cesari's otium , 'Caesar's rest'. So far (at least until 1996) no Roman camp has been discovered in Normandy.

middle Ages

The Saint-Ouen priory was founded by Hugues de Chaumont around 1066 and donated to the Marmoutier monastery . In the course of time the Franciscans ( ordo fratrum minorum recollectorum ) , the Trinitarian order and the Ursulines also had branches in Gisors.

Around 1095 the Duke of Normandy and King of England William II (Guillaume II. Le Roux) had an octagonal donjon built to defend the borders. The Château de Gisors making it one of the many border guard forts like Dangu , Château-sur-Epte , Ecos , Baudemont and Gasny along the Norman Epteufer. On the French side were the castles of Boury-en-Vexin , Saint-Clair-sur-Epte and La-Roche-Guyon . Gisors was the main frontier fortress in the north of the Norman Vexin.

Due to its location, the place played a role several times in the 12th century in the signing of peace treaties between the King of France and the King of England, who was also Duke of Normandy:

  1. Peace of Gisors 1113
  2. Peace of Gisors 1180
  3. Peace of Gisors 1188
Gisors castle ruins

On September 28, 1198, a battle between the English King Richard the Lionheart and the French King Philip II took place in a field between Gisors and Courcelles . Philip II (1165–1223) did not use the old, octagonal donjon, but had a new, round donjon built, called the Tour du prisonnier ('prisoner's tower') because a prisoner was there at the time of the Huguenot Wars (1562– 1598) carved numerous reliefs into the walls of his cell.

Gisors was converted into a Comté or a Duché several times . Gisor's heyday was at the beginning of the 14th century. Tanneries and weaving mills in the city led to economic growth. Gisors was the seat of one of the seven great Bailliages of Normandy and the seat of a Viscount .

Modern times

Over the years, Gisors was owned by various members of the royal family, including Blanche d'Évreux (1331–1398), Renée de France (1510–1574), François-Hercule de Valois-Angoulême, duc d'Alençon (1555–1584 ), and Charles de Bourbon, duc de Berry (1686–1714). After Charles de Bourbon's death, his grandfather Louis XIV (1638–1715) exchanged Gisors with Louis-Charles-Auguste Fouquet de Belle-Isle (1684–1761) for Comté Belle-Île . At Fouquet's request, the Comté Gisors was transformed into a Duché in 1742. Upon his death, Fouquet Gisors bequeathed Louis XV. (1710–1774), who exchanged it with Louis Charles de Bourbon, comte d'Eu (1701–1775), for the Principality of Dombes in 1762 . After the death of Louis Charles de Bourbon, the Duchy of Gisors fell to his nephew Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre (1725-1793).

A tower of the castle

From 1520 the Reformation found its way into the département. The Inquisition Court therefore met in Gisors in 1531 . After an official Reformed church was established in Rouen in 1557 and in Évreux in 1559 , Gisors followed suit. The Protestant church in Gisors existed until the Edict of Nantes was repealed with the Edict of Fontainebleau in 1685.

The Catholic Holy League stationed a garrison in Gisors until 1590 during the Huguenot Wars, which was under the command of Henri I de Lorraine, duc de Guise until 1588 . François Sublet des Noyers (1588-1645) founded a convent of Discalced Carmelites in Gisors, whose church was consecrated in 1655. During the Fronde (1648–1653) the town gave the rebels shelter.

In 1793 Gisors received in the course of the French Revolution (1789-1799) the status of a municipality and in 1801 the right to local self-government. The Saint-Ouen priory was dissolved. Around 1900 only a few ruins of the 11th century monastery chapel were still visible. The Ursuline convent founded in 1616 and the convent of the Annunciants founded in 1622 were also destroyed. The Discalced Carmelite Convention was dissolved and its church converted into a theater, which was destroyed in 1973.

During the Second World War, Gisors was bombed four times by the German Air Force in June 1940 . On June 6, the main areas affected were the train station and Boisgeloup; on the 7th, the Air Force used incendiary bombs against the Carbone Lorraine graphite processing plant , the church and the business district. The city was on fire, the hospital had to be evacuated. The following Saturday incendiary bombs fell on the city again. This time the city center around the theater and the Mairie were affected. In the summer of 1944, during Operation Overlord , the community recorded 22 bombings by the Allied Air Force. This mainly resulted in material damage. When they withdrew, the Wehrmacht let ammunition wagons explode. This damaged the church again.

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2017
Residents 6398 7329 8069 8732 9481 10,882 11,532 11,537
Sources: Cassini and INSEE

politics

Gisors is the capital of the canton of Gisors and the local authority association Vexin Normand .

coat of arms

The municipality's coat of arms is red, with a gold cross with ornaments on the edge (Croix engrelée) . The head of the shield is blue and has three golden lilies .

partnership

Gisors has had a partnership with Riegelsberg in Saarland since 1970 . It was possible to build on contacts that had existed since 1965 between the Riegelsberg returnees' association and the association of former combatants of the town of Gisors. After the city councils on both sides had got to know each other, the project could be pushed forward. On July 5, 1970, both mayors signed the partnership certificate in the gym of the Riegelsberger Lindenschule as part of a local festival. Over the course of the year, there are several visits to the respective partner community and student exchanges during the holidays.

Culture and sights

Gisors is represented with two flowers in the Conseil national des villes et villages fleuris (National Council of Flowered Cities and Villages). The "flowers" are awarded in the course of a regional competition, whereby a maximum of three flowers can be achieved.

La Big Tour

A steep 12th-century alley called the Passage du Monarque leads to the castle . The castle itself dates from the 11th century and was owned by the Knights Templar from 1158 to 1161 . It achieved extraordinary fame because, according to legend, the treasure of the Knights Templar was hidden in it after the French King Philip IV arrested the leadership of the order in 1307.

The parish church of Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais (St.  Gervasius and Protasius ) was built around 1249 on the foundations of an original church that burned down in 1124. However, only the choir has survived from the 13th century . The transept was renewed in the 15th century, the nave and facade in the 16th century. The church was classified as a Monument historique (historical monument) as early as 1840 and restored again after 1945. Inside the church there is a typical Renaissance staircase. The church tower, La Grosse Tour , has alternating floors in the Doric and Ionic architectural style . In the transept one can still find traces of a liter funéraire , which is 60 centimeters high and bears several coats of arms, of which only two can still be identified, the coats of arms of the Fouquet family from the 18th century.

The Trinitarian Convention was founded around 1603. At that time it consisted of a hermitage and a chapel. The current residential building dates from the 18th century. The chapel was probably converted into a barn. The buildings are privately owned.

The leprosy was built around 1210. The Romanesque chapel of the leprosarium has been preserved, its decor is typical of the Romanesque in Normandy. It was rebuilt in the 15th and 17th centuries. The leprosy was converted into a poor house (Bureau des Pauvres) in the 18th century . In 1992 it was classified as a monument historique.

At the Epte there is still the lavoir (wash house) from the 18th century, which was entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques in 1927. A wash house has stood here since the 15th century.

Economy and Infrastructure

As in the 14th century, Gisors became a center of weaving from 1703 through the establishment of manufactories . In the 19th century there were several glassworks , three flour mills , a flax quarry and several tanneries in Gisors . Today there are several industrial parks west of the town center on the Départementsstraße in the direction of Trie-Château ( Département Oise ).

On July 15, 1869, the Gisors - Vernonnet railway line was inaugurated. Passenger traffic was discontinued in March 1940, freight traffic in 1941. The railway line was used by German troops during World War II to transport materials for the construction of the Atlantic Wall . Today the Gisors train station (gare de Gisors-Embranchement) is served by the Gisors - Paris Saint-Lazare line of the SNCF and the Dieppe  - Serqueux  - Gisors line of the TER Haute-Normandie .

Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) apply to pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand) in the municipality .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with the place

literature

  • PFDHersan Histoire de la ville de Gisors , Gisors 1858,

Web links

Commons : Gisors  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ le tresor des templiers a Gisors? Recording of a report on TF1 about the myth of the Templar treasure in Gisors (French)
  2. ^ François de Beaurepaire, Les noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de l'Eure , éditions Picard 1981.
  3. ^ Ernest Nègre: Toponymie générale de la France . tape 1 . Librairie Droz, 1990, ISBN 978-2-600-02884-4 , pp. 197 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ^ Dossier pédagogique Visite du site archéologique de Gisacum. (PDF; 3.85 MB) In: http://www.eure-en-ligne.fr/ . P. 4 , accessed on July 2, 2010 (French).
  5. ^ Gédéon Dubreuil: Essai historique sur Gisors & ses environs . Gisors 1856, p. 5 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Daniel Delattre, Emmanuel Delattre: L'Eure, les 675 communes . Editions Delattre, Grandvilliers 2000, pp. 128-130 (French).
  7. ↑ L'armée romaine en Gaule , Michel Reddé (ed.), Éditions errance 1996. pp. 177-182.
  8. ^ Claude Sellier and Mathurin Hémon: La Normandie . In: Histoire mystérieuse et insolite des Régions de France . tape 1 . Micberth, Paris 1994, ISBN 2-84126-053-4 , pp. 17-24 (French).
  9. ↑ a b Pierre Bodin: Les liters seigneuriales des églises de l'Eure . Amis des Monuments et Sites de l'Eure, Amis de Bernay, Condé-sur-Noireau 2005, p. 93-95 (French).
  10. ↑ Bernard Bodinier (ed.): L'Eure de la Préhistoire à nos jours . Jean-Michel Bordessoules, Saint-Jean-d'Angély 2001, ISBN 2-913471-28-5 , pp. 248 (French).
  11. ↑ Laurence Riviale: Le vitrail en Normandie entre Renaissance et Réforme (1517–1596) . In: Corpus Vitrearum . tape 7 . Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes 2007, ISBN 978-2-7535-0525-4 , pp. 28 ff . (French).
  12. ↑ a b c d Gisors. In: Base Mérimée. Ministère de la culture, accessed July 3, 2010 (French).
  13. ^ Gisors on Cassini.ehess.fr (French). Retrieved November 15, 2009
  14. ↑ A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 21 + 176 + 184 (French, first published in 1946).
  15. ↑ http://www.riegelsberg-saar.de/partissance_mit_gisors.htm , accessed on April 6, 2020.
  16. ↑ Palmarès des villes et villages fleuris. (No longer available online.) Conseil National des Villes et Villages Fleuris, formerly the original ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.cnvvf.fr  
  17. ↑ les lignes ferroviaires fermées ou déclassées. In: la vie du rail en haute normandie. Collectif des Transports Ferroviaires de Haute Normandie, accessed July 7, 2010 (French).
  18. ↑ La ville de Gisors. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved July 21, 2012 (French).
  19. ↑ Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Jullien de Courcelles : Dictionnaire historique et biographique des généraux français, depuis le onzième siècle jusqu'en 1820 . tape 2 , 1821, p. 342–344 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
  20. ^ Duchesne, Charles Jean-Baptiste Joseph. In: Base Joconde . Ministère de la culture, accessed July 6, 2010 (French).
  21. ^ Short biography of Charles Marie Benjamin Rouget on Whonamedit.com (English) Retrieved November 15, 2009
  22. ↑ Web site of the Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français on the occasion of the Mediterranean Games 2009 (PDF file, French; 140 kB). Accessed on November 15, 2009
  23. ^ Within the National Olympic Committees. (PDF; 43 kB) France. In: LA 84 Foundation. Legacy of The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, August 1968, p. 1 , accessed December 16, 2012 .
  24. ^ Gallica