Franz heat

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Franz heat
Advertisement of the Bonifacius printing company in the daily newspaper Das Vaterland for Hitzes Buch Capital und Arbeit
Roll of honor at the Theodorianum grammar school in Paderborn: Left page: Third from below: Franz Wärme
Memorial stone at the grave site in Rhode

Franz heat (* 16th March 1851 in Hanemicke at Olpe ; † 20 July 1921 in Bad Nauheim ) was a German Catholic priest, social ethics and politicians of the Center Party .

Life and work

Franz Heat was the second son of a farming family. After graduating from high school at the Theodorianum in Paderborn , he studied theology and philosophy in Würzburg from 1872 to 1877 . In 1878 he was in the diocese of Paderborn for priests ordained. From 1878 to 1880 he studied at the Campo Santo Teutonico in the Vatican , Rome. After an honorary doctorate to Dr. theol. In 1893 he became the first professor for Christian social studies in German-speaking countries at the Royal Academy of Münster and, from 1902, at the re-established Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster . He himself contributed to their re-establishment. From 1875 he was a member of the academic Catholic student association Unitas -Hetania Würzburg. In 1877, Hitze's first publication “The Social Question and the Efforts to Solve it” appeared in Paderborn, in which he cautiously affirmed the establishment of workers' productive cooperatives based on Ferdinand Lassalle's proposal .

Heat is considered the father of the Catholic workers' associations and pioneer of the German Caritas Association , which he was involved in establishing in 1897. As a co-founder of the People's Association for Catholic Germany (1890), he was particularly committed to social issues, including adult education . He was an honorary member of the Catholic student association KDSt.V. Sauerlandia Münster in the CV and the K.St.V. Askania-Burgundia Berlin and Suevia-Köln in KV as well as Unitas Würzburg and helped found a Unitas Berlin .

From the beginning of June 1921 he was relaxing in the Kettelerheim in Bad Nauheim, accompanied by his nephew pediatrician Josef Schulte from Münster.

Franz Heat was buried in the village of Rhode, now part of Olpe, seat of the parish to which Franz Hitze's birthplace Hanemicke belongs.

MP

Heat was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives from 1882 to 1893 and from 1898 to 1912 .

From 1884 to 1918 he was a member of the Reichstag, initially for the constituency of Geilenkirchen - Erkelenz and from 1898 for the constituency of Gladbach . In 1919/20 he was a member of the Weimar constituent assembly . He then belonged again to the Reichstag until his death.

Heat was considered one of the most influential German parliamentary social politicians and the socio-educational "old master" of Catholic practical social work. Chancellor Joseph Wirth assessed what he called the “noble prelate” among the “ luminaries ” of the Center Party as the “best of all, the most humble, lovable and selfless” man. Franz Heat helped to lay the foundations of today's social security system in the Bismarckian Empire, to strengthen it in Wilhelmine Germany and to expand it further in the Weimar Republic . He is considered a pioneer of the Reich Insurance Code and was involved in the negotiation of the Weimar school compromise .

“As from Münster from 20.d. is reported, the outstanding social politician, Center Member Professor Dr. Heat in Bad Nauheim died at the age of 71. Dr. Franz heat was born in 1851 in Hanne Micke in Westphalia, the son of a landowner, studied at the University of Würzburg theology and Jus and then was 1879-80 chaplain in the German Campo Santa in Rome. Even then he was already active in the socio-political area and in 1880 became secretary general of the Association of Catholic Employers and Workers' Friends, as which he published the magazine 'Arbeiterwohl'. From 1898 he was professor for Christian social studies at the University of Münster and from 1882 he represented the constituency of M.-Gladbach in the German Reichstag. [...] In the Reichstag and Landtag, Dr. Heat played a decisive role in the most important socio-political laws and was among other things. Referent for the trade regulation amendment of the workers protection laws of the year 1891. The deceased, one of the greats of the center, has contributed through his activity significantly to the fact that the German Reich is in the forefront of the states with regard to social legislation. "

- Obituary in the Reichspost from July 21, 1921

Honors

Franz Heat received the Dr. theol. hc by the Faculty of Theology and in 1908 the Dr. phil. hc from the Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster and in 1897 the Dr. iur. hc from the University of Leuven . In 1903 Pope Pius X appointed him papal protonotary . Kaiser Wilhelm II honored him with the award of the Order of the Eagle and the Order of the Crown . He also became honorary president of the Catholic journeyman's associations and honorary chairman of the Association of Catholic Workers' Associations.

After the heat, the Franz-Wärme-Strasse in Leverkusen, Düsseldorf , Cologne , Hörde , Sondern , Bergisch Gladbach , Schmallenberg , Mönchengladbach , Krefeld , Weeze , Gerlingen (municipality of Wenden (Sauerland) ), Drolshagen , Raesfeld , Paderborn , Oelde , Münster, Nottuln and Geldern , the Franz-Wärme-Ways in Harsewinkel and Netphen , the Hitzestrasse in Duisburg and Bocholt and the Catholic Academy Franz-Wärme-Haus of the diocese of Münster . The elementary school in the Olper district of Rhode, where Heat went to school, also bears his name.

On June 3, 1956 , a Franz-Wärme-Gedächtniskirche was consecrated in the Hessian Hasselroth , district Neuenhaßlau. It is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and was created under the patronage of the Catholic Unitas Association . A mosaic with Hitze's portrait is attached to the church.

Franz Heat Pilgrimage and Adventure Trail

The Franz-Wärme-Verein was founded in 1996 in memory of Franz Wärme. The aim was, among other things, to plan a pilgrimage and adventure trail in the footsteps of Franz Wärme and to determine a final route. The trail was officially opened on May 31, 2014.

Stations and course The pilgrim path comprises a total of 16 pilgrimage stations and is approximately 18.5 km in length.

Gravestone Franz Heat at the parish church of Rhode

The first part of the pilgrimage and adventure trail leads from Olpe via Rhode and Hanemicke / Sondern to Hitzendumicke (approx. 9.5 km) with the following pilgrimage stations

1st stop: Parish church St. Martinus , Kurkölner Platz with history fountain , Olpe
2nd station: Chapel of the "Fourteen Helpers", Rhode
3rd station: Parish Church of St. Cyriakus with the grave of Franz Heat, Rhode
4th station: Stader Kreuz
5th station: Franz Heat Memorial Chair, Stade
6th station: wayside shrine “Madonna am Weg” on Diehlberg, but
7th station: Birthplace of Franz Wärme, Hanemicke
8th station: Chapel "To the painful mother", Hanemicke
9th station: "Maria-Hilf-Kirche", but
10th station: heat cross
11th station: Chapel “St. Valentin “, heat fat

The second part leads from Hitzendumicke over the heights near Eichhagen to Alperscheid and on via Rosenthal and Ronnewinkel to the starting point in Olpe (approx. 9 km).

12th station: wayside shrine "Madonna on the way"
13th station: Large wooden cross "In gratitude" on the edge of the "Holzschlade"
14th station: Hofkreuz Deimel "In memory", Alperscheid
15th station: Marien-wayside shrine at the house Jung, Rosenthal
16th station: Chapel “St. Valentin “at Obersee, Ronnewinkel

Publications

  • The Social Question and Efforts to Solve it , 1877.
  • The quintessence of the social question. Paderborn 1880.
  • Capital and Labor and the Reorganization of Society , Collection of Lectures, Bonifacius-Verlag, Paderborn 1880 ( ULB Münster )
  • Protect the craft! Paderborn, Bonifacius-Verlag, 1883 ( ULB Münster )
  • Tasks and organization of Catholic workers' associations , Cologne 1886.
  • Protect the worker! Cologne 1890.
  • The labor question and the efforts to solve it. In addition to annex: The worker question in the light of statistics M. Gladbach, 1905., 4th verb. and suppl
  • What everyone needs to know about disability insurance. Increased and improved edition Berlin 1907.
  • Outline of the agrarian question. M. Gladbach 1908.
  • To the appreciation of the German workers' social policy. Critique of Bernhard's writing: Undesirable consequences of German social policy. M. Gladbach 1913.
  • Workers' social policy in: Philipp Zorn , Herbert von Berger (editor): Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm II. Ed. By Siegfried Körte, Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell, among others, 3 volumes. R. Hobbing, Berlin 1914.
  • Decline in the birth rate and social reform. M. Gladbach 1917.
  • Capital and Labor and the Reorganization of Society. Epilogue to the font of the same name. In: German work. Volume 6 (1921). Pp. 41-70.

Editing

  • together with Wilhelm Hohn, Social Culture. The magazine Arbeiterwohl and the Christian-Sozial Blätter Neue Zusammenarbeit. M. Gladbach 1905 ff.

Literature on heat and its work

Web links

Wikisource: Franz Wärme  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vatican: Encyclical, Mother and Teacher. In: Der Spiegel 31/1961, p. 40f.
  2. ↑ Westfälischer Merkur, No. 316, July 11, 1921, p. 1.
  3. ↑ Memory of heat. In: sauerlandkurier.de. March 9, 2013, accessed July 20, 2021 .
  4. ↑ Dr. Heat died. In:  Reichspost , July 21, 1921, p. 6 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / rpt
  5. ↑ Commemorative publication 25 years of St. Maria - Help of Christians in Neuenhasslau. 1981.
personal data
SURNAME Heat, Franz
SHORT DESCRIPTION German Catholic clergyman, social ethicist and politician (center), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH March 16, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanemicke
DATE OF DEATH July 20, 1921
PLACE OF DEATH Bad Nauheim