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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Geldern
Funds
Map of Germany, position of the city of Geldern highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '  N , 6 ° 20'  E

Basic data
State : North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region : Dusseldorf
Circle : Kleve
Height : 24 m above sea level NHN
Area : 96.97 km 2
Residents: 33,730 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 348 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 47608
Primaries : 02831, 02832, 02838
License plate : KLE, GEL
Community key : 05 1 54 012
LOCODE : DE GDN
City structure: 8 city districts or city ​​districts

City administration address : 		Issumer Tor 36
47608 Geldern
Website : www.geldern.de
Mayor : Sven Kaiser ( CDU )
Location of the city of Geldern in the Kleve district
Niederlande Krefeld Kreis Borken Kreis Viersen Kreis Wesel Bedburg-Hau Emmerich am Rhein Geldern Goch Issum Kalkar Kerken Kevelaer Kleve Kranenburg (Niederrhein) Rees Rheurdt Straelen Uedem Wachtendonk Weezemap
About this picture

The city of Geldern is located in the lower Lower Rhine area in the west of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and is a central city of the Kleve district in the administrative district of Düsseldorf .

geography

Spatial location

The city of Geldern is located on the left bank of the Rhine in the Lower Rhine lowlands. Geldern is on average 24  m above sea level. NHN . The Niers , a tributary of the Meuse , flows through it . The Geldern Fleuth flows into the Niers in Geldern.

Urban area

The municipality of Geldern consists of eight districts :

Neighboring municipalities / cities

The city of Geldern borders the city of Kevelaer and the municipality of Sonsbeck ( Wesel district ) in the north, the municipality of Issum in the east, the municipality of Kerken and the city of Straelen in the south and the municipalities of Venlo and Bergen (both in the Limburg province , Netherlands).

history

Roman times

middle Ages

mythology

The dragon fountain at the market is reminiscent of the legend

It is said that around the year 878 Messrs Wichard and Lupold von Pont fought against a fire-breathing dragon . They found him under a loquat tree . One of the two pierced the dragon with his spear. While the kite was dying, he rattled "Gelre!" Three times. Geldern Castle is said to have been founded by the Lords of Pont as a reminder of this heroic deed at the confluence of the Fleuth and Niers rivers.

chronology

The first written record as Gelleron in Urbar A of the monastery are dated to 900. Older attributions to the year 812 were based on a misunderstanding and a forgery . The name appeared in different variants: Gelre, Gielra, Gellero, Gelera. At that time he was still referring to the Geldern landscape around the Aldekerker Platte. Name meaning: Gellere (997), Gellera (1104/1105), Geldren (1167) could originally stand for the increased settlement area on the marshy Niers or Geldara could have been the name of the Niers section. The interpretation "Bachland" is also possible, which clearly refers to the floodplain and quarry landscape around the Aldekerker Platte.

A Gerhard Flamens, who was awarded to Wassenberg by Emperor Heinrich II around 1020 , was presumably the progenitor of the Counts of Geldern. From around 1096 he also called himself Count Gerhard von Geldern (the title of count was derived from other estates, probably in Teisterbant ). From 1118/1125 the term “von Geldern” finally prevailed, and the construction of the first castle in Geldern was also dated to this year . The name passed from the landscape to the castle and the subsequently developing settlement. Wassenberg went to the Dukes of Limburg as his daughter's marriage property at the beginning of 1107 , and later to Jülich . With the abandonment of Wassenberg at the latest, the counts relocated their center of power to Geldern Castle, which was probably built around this time at a Niers crossing. The castle with the associated medieval settlement was the starting point for today's city and also gave its name to the county and duchy of Geldern, which later emerged .

The settlement was expanded into a fortress with ramparts, moats and walls in the 13th century . The walls were named after the four cardinal points and had three gates, the names of which are still used today. In 1229 Geldern received city ​​rights . Until 1343 Geldern was the seat of the Counts and Dukes of Geldern, until 1347 the capital of the upper quarter .

The founding of the Carmelite Monastery of Geldern in 1306 (possibly 1315) was later followed by other monasteries , three of which arose from the Geldern Beguine communities . The late Gothic parish church of St. Maria Magdalena was built between 1400 and 1418 .

Modern times

Geldern around 1649
Hague Castle
St. Maria Magdalena Church on the market square
Holy Spirit Church
Mill tower

The city of Geldern has often been the subject of territorial disputes throughout its history. It became part of the Spanish Netherlands through the Treaty of Venlo in 1543 . The Dutch province of Gelderland has been named after the city of Geldern ever since. With the Treaty of Utrecht in 1579, Geldern became part of the United Netherlands , but was occupied by the Spanish-Habsburg army in 1587. In the later period of Spanish rule, more precisely from 1662 to 1664, the construction of the main castle of Haag Castle , a property that was mentioned as Hof Haag in documents as early as 1337, took place.

The War of the Spanish Succession took place from 1701 to 1713/1714 . In the course of this, the city came under siege by the Prussians in February 1703, but they were only able to invade the city on December 21 of that year. After the end of the War of Succession, in the Peace of Utrecht in 1713, the Geldrian upper quarters , which had remained with Spain until then, were distributed to four powers ( Austria , the States General , Prussia and the Duchy of Jülich ).Geldern fell to the Prussians with most of the former Upper Quarter and became the administrative seat of the newly formed Duchy of Geldern with Prussian shares (Prussian Geldern) . In August 1740, King Friedrich II of Prussia visited Geldern. In 1764 he had the city's fortifications razed.

From 1794 to 1814, Geldern - like the entire Left Bank of the Rhine - was occupied by French troops (" French era "). These largely disregarded the established structures and created new and more modern spatial arrangements for tighter administration. The canton of Geldern was in the Arrondissement de Clèves and thus belonged to the Département de la Roer . Due to the secularization in 1802, the Carmelite monastery founded in 1306 was abolished.

After the end of French rule and the return to Prussia ( Congress of Vienna 1815), the Geldern district was reorganized as part of the Prussian administrative organization on April 23, 1816 as one of 29 districts in the Jülich-Kleve-Berg Province - the later Rhine Province .

In 1863 the Cologne - Krefeld –Geldern– Kleve railway ( left-hand Lower Rhine line ) was opened, and in 1874 the Haltern – Venlo line was the last section of the Hamburg – Venloer Bahn . The Geldern circuit ( meter gauge ), which was put into operation in 1902 and closed again on April 1, 1932, did not, however, touch the city of Geldern. The railroad line Wesel-Venlo was only after the Second World War between Buederich and Straelen operated. After the cessation of passenger traffic in 1960, it was largely shut down and dismantled piece by piece .

A Jewish community existed in Geldern until the Second World War . The synagogue , built in 1875, was set on fire during the November pogrom in 1938.

On the night of May 23-24, 1940, the first air raid on Geldern took place. Two weeks earlier, the German Reich had started the campaign in the west . From 1940, Geldern was the location of Wehrmacht units . Above all, replacement units were housed in the city, which had its own military registration office.

During the Second World War , the city ​​center was badly damaged by bombing in late 1944 and on February 14, 1945 . Only a few houses were preserved, around 82% of the city was destroyed. Among other things, the parish church and the Holy Spirit Church in the town center were badly damaged. The main house of the Hague Castle was completely destroyed. The parish church Maria Magdalena and the Heilig-Geist-Kirche were rebuilt in 1952. In 2003/2004 St. Maria Magdalena was completely renovated and the interior redesigned.

Territorial reforms in the post-war period

The city of Geldern in its current form was created during the municipal reform (first municipal reorganization program) in North Rhine-Westphalia on July 1, 1969. The municipalities of Pont, Veert and Walbeck of the Walbeck office and the municipalities of Kapellen and Vernum were merged with the city of Geldern.

On January 1, 1975, in the course of the North Rhine-Westphalian district reform (second municipal reorganization program), the former Kleve district was merged with the Geldern district and parts of the Moers and Rees districts to form the new Lower Rhine greater Kleve district.

Population development

Population development of Geldern from 1885 to 2016
year Residents
1885 5,690
1905 6,551
1937 7,228
1946 5,288
1961 10,209
2000 33,074
2003 33,314
2004 33,861
year Residents
2005 34,035
2006 34,266
2008 33,709
2009 33,746
2012 33.009
2013 33,064
2015 33,841
2016 33,778

dialect

In Geldern and its districts, “Platt” is (was) spoken in the respective local expression. In terms of oral history, Geldern is located in the Dutch-speaking area north of the so-called Benrath line (with the maache-maake distinction), which separates southern Middle Franconian (also called Ripuarian ) from northern Lower Franconian . Geldern is also north of the Uerdinger dialect line , which, coming from the Rhine, runs past Hüls via Kempen to Venlo. This Uerdingen line (also called ek-ech border) separates the southern Lower Franconian (which is spoken in Uerdingen and Krefeld, for example) from the northern Lower Franconian , which z. B. in Hüls (see Hölsch Plott ) and Kempen, as well as north of it in different expressions and in typical local "tones" from Kerken to Geldern to Kleve.

The Geldern dialect is historically strongly influenced by Dutch - until the early modern period, Geldern was bilingual for many years due to its political connection to the House of Habsburg (with its Dutch possessions). One of the most important features is the pronunciation of the personal pronoun "I", which is spoken as "ech" or "isch" in southern Lower Franconia, but as "ek" in northern Lower Franconia. The word “also” is pronounced differently, namely as “ook” in the north and as “ooch” in the south. The verb “have” is also spoken differently: in the Geldern area one says z. B. "ek häbb". Further south it says “ech han”.

Even if the dialect is on the decline, Platt is cultivated at carnival, on dialect evenings and in clubs. There is also an abundance of vernacular literature (the books by the home writer Fritz Meyers, who died in 1996, should be emphasized).

politics

Local election 2014
(in %)
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
44.1
34.4
8.3
6.7
3.5
3.0
Gains and losses
compared to 2009
 % p
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
-2.0
+2.8
-0.1
-4.0
+0.2
+3.0

City council

Since the last local election on May 25, 2014 the city council has represented:

  • CDU (44.1%, 18 seats)
  • SPD (34.4%, 14 seats)
  • FDP (6.7%, 3 seats)
  • Greens (8.3%, 3 seats)
  • Left (3.5%, 1 seat)
  • Pirates (3.0%, 1 seat)

The council members from Left and Pirates form a common faction.

The next local election will take place in 2020.

mayor

In 2015, Sven Kaiser (CDU) was elected mayor of the city of Geldern with 55.74% of the valid votes. His opponent was the previous mayor Ulrich Janssen (2004-2015), who ran out of office and is also a member of the CDU. He received 44.26% of the valid votes. (Eligible voters: 28,239 voters: 11,513 invalid votes: 125 valid votes: 11,388 Sven Kaiser: 6,348 Ulrich Janssen: 5040 votes). The newly elected mayor took up his duties on October 21, 2015.

The next mayoral election will take place as a combined election with the election of the council in 2020.

coat of arms

The first coat of arms of the city of Geldern was a shield with three medlars, which may refer to the events that are told in the dragon slayer saga. The Geldrian lion, which can also be seen on today's coat of arms, was used as early as the Middle Ages.

Blazon : "In a blue border zwiegeschwänzter rotbekronter, rotbezungter and rotbewehrter golden lion, in front, behind and under its paws accompanied by three silver Mispelblüten ."

Banner Geldern.svg 00Banner: "The banner is blue-yellow-red in a ratio of 1: 2: 1, with the city's coat of arms in the head of the banner without a shield."

Town twinning

Sister cities of Geldern are Bree in Flanders (Belgium) and Fürstenberg / Havel in Brandenburg .

Religions

The majority of the population of the city of Geldern is Catholic . There are Catholic churches in most of the districts, the most historically significant is the parish church of St. Maria Magdalena on the Geldern market. It is first mentioned shortly after 1290 as ecclesia Gelrensis infra oppidum , while the church in Nieukerk is mentioned in 1067 as Gelre ecclesia and 1249 as ecclesiae in Gelren . It is therefore assumed that Geldern was not parish off until the 13th century by St. Dionysius Nieukerk. There are two Protestant churches: the Heilig-Geist-Kirche, also on Geldern Markt, and another church in the Walbeck district. An Islamic community has emerged as a result of immigration over the past few decades .

Buildings

Langendonk house in Aengenesch
Walbeck Castle in Walbeck
Steprath Mill in Walbeck

Old town

  • St. Maria Magdalena on the Geldern market, three-aisled hall church of the brick Gothic
  • Evangelical Holy Spirit Church, also on Geldern Markt, founded as a monastery church in 1415 and destroyed in a town fire in 1530. Today's square building was built from bricks in the Baroque style in 1736–1740 , destroyed in 1945 and re-inaugurated in 1952 after the reconstruction. The Heilig-Geist-Kirche, which has a roof turret instead of a steeple , was renovated in 1970–1973. Organ concerts are often held here, which attract attention far beyond Geldern.
  • Mill tower, in the south of the city center, built in 1546, the only remaining tower of the city fortifications, walls up to 2.45 m thick, diameter 8.60 m. In 1643 the tower was raised and converted into a mill, which was in operation until 1851. Today the mill tower is used for art exhibitions.
  • The refectory (dining room) of the former Augustinian convent Nazareth from the 16th century can be viewed on the grounds of the vocational college on Ostwall.

Outside the historic city center

  • The Fossa Eugeniana is accessible to tourists in Geldern and the surrounding area through a 60 km long cycle path. This runs across borders from Rheinberg am Rhein to the Netherlands on the Maas .
  • Haag Castle , first mentioned in 1337. In particular, the former inner outer bailey (built in the 1680s) has been preserved. Today it houses, among other things, a golf club . The area around the castle can be hiked.
  • Walbeck Castle in Walbeck
  • From house Langendonk in Aengenesch only the ruins of a castle tower stands.
  • You can still find some windmills in the vicinity of Geldern:
    • Veerter Windmill, built in 1856, converted for residential use in the 1950s and restored in 2000. She has had wings again since 2007.
    • Windmill on Poelycker Weg in the Vernum district , built in 1866 from bricks, was in operation until 1920 and has had wings and hood again since 1991. In Geldern chapels, the Beerenbrouck house, which was first mentioned in 1331 as the “courtyard”, is worth seeing. The current building was built at the beginning of the 19th century.

Monument preservation

A total of 83 objects are listed in Geldern. In the area of ​​the municipality of Geldern, 209 monuments are entered in the list of monuments (as of December 2000).

The monuments are divided into the following categories:

  • 1 train station
  • 36 (former) farms or farmhouses
  • 12 other monuments
  • 22 houses of saints and wayside crosses
  • 10 mansions
  • 15 churches and chapels
  • 4 villas
  • 1 watermill
  • 6 (former) windmills
  • 102 residential and commercial buildings

Well-known events

The street painting competition in Geldern 2011.

Every year on the last weekend of the school summer holidays, Geldern organizes the international street painting competition , to which artists from all over Germany and abroad come. The two-day cultural event has received national attention for decades and has developed into the Geldern trademark. Many artists find accommodation in the established “artist village” on the Holländer See. Geldern is known to many foreigners as the city of the street painting competition.

The traditional Geldern Whitsun Fair is the largest street fair on the Lower Rhine. The "street party" in summer is also a permanent fixture, a three-day street festival known in the region, with music on several open-air stages and a large flea market.

On the weekend after Pentecost, the Tolkien Days of the German Tolkien Society have been taking place in the Pont district for over 10 years . This event has now over 8000 visitors there.

Since 2013, the three-day "geldernsein-festival", a rock and pop open-air music festival, has taken place every year on the weekend after the summer holidays at Holländer See in Geldern.

traffic

The platform underpass at Geldern station
Train station and new tax office

The station Geldern is located on the Lower Left Rhine Railway , on the weekdays every half hour and every hour of the "Niers-Express" at the weekend (RE 10) from Kleve via Krefeld to Dusseldorf wrong. Local rail passenger transport is carried out by NordWestBahn (NWB), which uses LINT 41 diesel multiple units in single to triple traction.

A number of bus routes operate within the urban area and to the neighboring municipalities .

Geldern is connected to the federal highways 40 ( E 34 ) and 57 ( E 31 ) via the federal highways 9 and 58 . The closest airports are Niederrhein Airport in Weeze and Düsseldorf Airport .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the city of Geldern

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Friedrich von Eerde (1781–1848), district administrator of the district of Geldern.
  • Fritz Meyers (1919–1996), local history researcher and writer.
  • Gregor Hövelmann (1930–1986), historian and archivist.
  • Josef H. Boquoi (* 1934), entrepreneur, founder of Bofrost .
  • Helmut Linssen (* 1942), politician (CDU), former finance minister of North Rhine-Westphalia.
  • Karl-Heinz Tekath (1955–2004), historian and archivist.
  • Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst (* 1959), 2008–2014 Bishop of Limburg; attended the secondary school at the Westwall in Geldern.
  • Ronald Pofalla (* 1959), former politician (CDU), 2009–2013 Federal Minister for Special Tasks and Head of the Federal Chancellery, since 2015 member of the board of Deutsche Bahn AG; was field cook and radio operator at THW in Geldern.
  • Till Reiners (* 1985), comedian

Prussian governors von Geldern

See also

List of stumbling blocks in Geldern

societies

The historical association for Geldern and the surrounding area has set itself the task of researching the history of the city and the duchy of Geldern and the surrounding area. The 1st PBC Joker Geldern is currently playing in the 2nd Bundesliga .

The largest sports club GSV Geldern 09/34 eV goes back to the former Gelria Geldern .

literature

  • Friedrich Nettesheim: History of the city and the office of Geldern , vol. 1: External history from the oldest to the most recent. Krefeld 1863 (digitized version) .
  • Irmgard Hantsche: Geldern Atlas - maps and texts on the history of a territory. Geldern 2003, ISBN 3-921760-39-9 .
  • Johannes Stinner, Karl-Heinz Tekath : Gelre - Geldern - Gelderland - history and culture of the Duchy of Geldern. Publishing house of the historical association for Geldern and the surrounding area, Geldern 2001, ISBN 3-921760-31-3 .
  • The golden age of the Duchy of Geldern. History, art and culture in the 15th and 16th centuries. [Catalog] Niederrheinisches Museum für Volkskunde und Kulturgeschichte eV Kevelaer, March 24 to June 24, 2001 and Stedelijk Museum Roermond, March 2 to April 28, 2002. Verlag Geldern: Historical Association for Geldern and Surroundings, ISBN 978-3-921760 -35-2 .
  • Heinz Bosch: Illustrated History of the City of Geldern 1848–1969, Volume I: From the revolutionary events in 1848 to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Geldern 1994.
  • Gregor Hövelmann: History of the district of Geldern. A sketch. First part: 1816–1866. Geldern 1974.
  • Paul Clemen : The art monuments of the district of Geldern (=  The art monuments of the Rhine Province . Volume 1, Section 2). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1891:
    • Geldern, pp. 10-28
    • Geldern Castle, p. 26 f.
    • Hartefeld, p. 32
    • Kapellen, pp. 36-39
    • Pont, p. 62 f.
    • Veert, p. 79 f.
    • Walbeck, p. 90 f.
  • Wolfgang Herborn: Geldern. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Vol. 4 (1989), Col. 1198-1200.
  • Stefan Frankewitz : The monuments of the city of Geldern . B. o. S. s, Kleve 2001, ISBN 3-933969-12-3 .

Web links

Commons : Geldern  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Geldern  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 .  ( Help on this )
  2. ↑ Niklas Huth: Fake News 812 - Geldern was first mentioned around 900 . In: Historical Association for Geldern and the Surrounding Area (ed.): Geldrischer Heimatkalender . tape 2019 . Geldern 2018, p. 18-21 .
  3. ^ Elisabeth Ebe-Jahn: Geldern, a fortress on the Lower Rhine . Kevelaer 1966, p. 18th ff .
  4. ↑ Klaus Flink: Rees, Xanten, Geldern. Forms of urban and territorial development in the Lower Rhine I . In: Series of publications of the district of Kleve . tape 2 . Kleve 1981, p. 60 .
  5. ↑ www.archive.nrw.de
  6. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 78 .
  7. ↑ a b Election results for the 2014 local elections ( memento of the original from August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Municipal data center Niederrhein  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wahl.krzn.de
  8. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from December 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.piratenpartei-kleve.de
  9. ↑ http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Geldern
  10. ↑ [1] (PDF; 833 kB) Main Statute of the City of Geldern § 2, Paragraph 3
  11. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oedinger: The Archdiocese of Cologne around 1300. Second issue. The churches of the Archdeaconate Xanten . Bonn 1969, p. 153, 243 .
  12. ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The monuments of the city of Geldern . Geldern 2001, p. 89 .
  13. ^ Wilhelm Voss-Gerling: Lower Rhine and Ruhr area. Munich 1986, p. 32
  14. ^ Paul Clemen: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, 1st vol., II. Abbot: The district of Geldern. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1891, p. 27 f.
  15. ↑ ibid. Pp. 28–32
  16. ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The monuments of the city of Geldern . Commission publishing house B. o. S. s-Druck und Medien, Kleve 2001, ISBN 3-933969-12-3 , p. 27 .
  17. ↑ Tolkien Days