Hölsch plot
Hölsch Plott ( Hülser Platt ) is the dialect of the Krefeld district of Hüls . In terms of linguistic history, the city of Krefeld lies in the Lower Franconian dialect, which begins in the north around Kleve and Emmerich and is separated from the Middle Franconian ( Ripuarian ) of the greater Bonn-Cologne-Aachen area with the Benrath line (maake / maache line) running south of Düsseldorf . Within the low Fränkischen the so-called passes through Krefeld uerdingen line (also called ek-ech-line), the Südniederfränkische from North low Fränkischen separates. Spoken in sleeve Hölsch Plott is (z. B. for some typical characteristics ek bön enes Hölsche ) to the north of this line lying northern Lower Franconian expected (also Kleverländisch called), and a variant of Dutch , while Krefeld with his Krieewelsch and the other Krefeld Districts with their local dialects belong to the South Lower Franconian (also called Limburgish ).
The name of the place
The name sleeve is a derivative of the Low Franconian word "Hulis" for the Middle Ages in Hülser break frequently occurring sleeve thistle , also known as Holly or Ilex known. Hüls was first mentioned in a document in 1112. The knight family of the Lords of Hüls ruled the glory of Hüls from Hüls Castle until the 16th century, when in 1565 the last Hüls mistress, Katharina and her husband, the knight Godert Haes von Conradsheim zu Sollbrüggen, died without heirs. Until 1970, Hüls was an independent municipality in the Kempen-Krefeld district , and from 1970 it was part of the western town of Kempen . In 1975 it was incorporated into Krefeld .
ek in Hüls - esch in Krefeld
The Hölsch Plott (Hölsch with closed "ö", Plott with open "o"), which is used in clubs, especially at Fasteloovend and on dialect evenings of the Heimatverein, applies, among other things, because of some characteristics, for example the use of "ek" (occasionally "ec" ) instead of the High German personal pronoun "I" as belonging to the Kleverland within the Lower Rhine region . In the city of Krefeld and in the southern districts, instead, as is common in the southern Lower Franconian dialect, ech , esch or isch is common.
Origin from the old Franconian
Niederrheinisch , the variant spoken in Germany of Low Franconian, which also occurs in the Netherlands, is based on the languages of the early Franks . Starting in the 3rd century, these expanded from the Lower Rhine to the south and west into the areas partially populated by Romans and Gallo-Romans. At this time, the Germanic sub-tribes of the Sugambrer and Cugerner , among others, settled in the area between Xanten and Krefeld, and then merged into the large Salfranken tribe . The Salfranken (or Salier) spread from the Lower Rhine via the Netherlands and Belgium to what is now France. The second main Franconian tribe, the Rheinfranken , on the other hand, migrated southwards via Cologne into the Rhine-Moselle area and made Cologne his royal seat. In the year 509 both Franconian peoples were united under the Merovingian king Clovis I , who is considered to be the first founder of an entire Franconian empire .
The self-designation of the dialects as Platt as in "Hölsch Plott", "Krieewelsch Platt" or "Kemp`sch Platt" probably goes back to "platt" meaning 'direct, straightforward'. There is a Rhenish saying of saying something “flat for dä Kopp” (“blunt and direct”). Platt has always been the language of the people.
Hölsch Plott - idiosyncrasies
Despite its assignment to the North Lower Franconian dialects, Hülser Platt - with the exception of the ek / ech contrast - has a lot in common with the Krefeld city dialect, including in the "speech melody" - but even more similarities to the dialects of the neighboring town of Kempen and its districts St. Hubert and Tönisberg , who are also considered North Lower Franconian .
In Hüls one uses " ek " (occasionally "ec") for "I" and one says for example:
- ek bön önen Hölsche (or something like that): I'm a sleeve
In the neighboring towns of Kempen, St. Hubert and Tönisberg they also speak "ek":
- ek bön ene Zintuppische (or something like that): I'm a Sankt-Huber
In Krefeld and the southern parts of the city they say "esch" for "I" instead:
- esch ben ene Krieewelsche (or something like that): I'm from Krefeld
In general, for Hölsch Plott as for other Lower Rhine dialects, confusing me and me in Platt is not a mistake - it would be embarrassing in High German. As in English and Dutch , there is only one standard form in Lower Franconia : "mich / mesch, dich / desch":
- huh hät Mesch enem letter jeschri-eewe. (he wrote me - me - a letter.)
- what would Ke-äl have for this since then ? (what did the guy say for you - to you ?)
- kannsse Mesch jet mötbrenge? (can you bring me - me - something?)
The following are also typical of the Hülser dialect:
- the preference for using the umlauts " Ö "
- ek bön önen Hölsche (I'm a pod )
- öt ös döks jeloore wat niet stömmp (it's often a lie what's wrong)
- the tendency to use the vowel " A " as an "open O " sometimes as a loop with another vowel:
- Standard German: The man with the bike drove along the edge
- Hülser Platt: Dä Mo-an möt dat Fo-arrod drove longes de Kont (Kont with an open O , with a closed O it would mean "buttocks"!)
- in Krefeld they say instead: Dä Mann möt dat Fahrrat drove long de Kant
- occasionally insert a sliding syllable such as " ... er " (as is common in Dutch), if this allows the previous word to be connected more elegantly with the following word , for example:
- doa kömmd he eene - instead of: doa kömmt eene (here comes someone)
- do Böss he Mesch ävvel en Döppe - instead of: do evil Mesch ävvel en Döppe
- High German: you are me - me - but a booby (Döppe = large jug)
- Dialect sounds, which cannot be clearly represented with the letters of the German language, are changed in the spelling or occasionally given as so-called diphthongs with stretches :
- High German: up there in heaven you would like to know what life is like on earth
- Spelling often used in dialect: do-e bo-ave en dän Hi-emel wü-ete se je-är like dat Le-äve op de E-äd su-e ös
- some dialect authors write without a hyphen: doe bove en dän Hiemel wüüte se jeär like dat Leäve op de Eäd suue ös
In Northern Lower Franconia, a final " n " is usually also spoken . In the Hüls dialect , however, this "n" is swallowed .
- senge (sing), kloppe (knock), koope (buy)
- However, if a word that begins with a vowel or an "h" follows, the final "n" is also pronounced:
- we-i senge n en Liddche (we sing a song) - but: we-i senge tesaame (we sing together)
grammar
In grammar, Hölsch Plott has certain characteristics:
- The male article says z. B. dä Käel (the guy), but dan Uohme (the uncle), dan Alde (the old man)
- If the following word begins with a vowel or an "h", an "n" is added to it. However, if it begins with a “b”, an “m” is added instead of the “n”.
- it is called z. B. däm Boom (the tree), also dän alde m Boom (the old tree)
- däm Bott (the messenger), dän Hölsche m Bott (the Hülser village messenger)
- the neuter article is always "dat" ( dat Weet for the child). The female always "the" ( the eel for the old woman ).
A final "nd" is usually converted to "nk" (plural "ng") an "nt" to "ng":
- Dog becomes Honk , wind becomes Wönk , child becomes Kenk , wall becomes Wonk (open "o")
- at the end will an`t Eng , behind will henge , a blind is to enem Blönge .
Some expressions have multiple names, for example:
- rear = henge or eite (from "aft")
- Child = Kenk or Blaag or Weet ( witte Weeterkes = children who go to first communion)
In certain contexts, the sexes are reversed .
- my / your father becomes "my father", my / your mother becomes "my / your mother"
- Hülser Platt: min Mamm hats for each other, dinne Papp that would have a strong helmet
- High German: my mother said to me that your father was a boor
There is also a special way of speaking for the word us / our :
- oos Mamm (our mother), oos Weet, oos Kenk (our child)
- osse cardboard - with a soft double ss! - (our father)
- ossen Honk - with a soft double ss! - (our dog)
Typical for Hölsch Plott (as for other Lower Rhine dialects) are the “ tu ” and “ am am ” forms, which are frowned upon in High German. They are used when an ongoing action is described or there is a request or a question behind it:
- Ek bon jet am duon . (I'm doing something - I'm doing it right now)
- Dun mesch ens dat beer erü-ever (give me the beer - hand me the beer)
- Deesse still weeding? (Do you still eat something?)
Distinctions to neighboring dialects
Although Hölsch Plott - because of the ek / ech differentiation - belongs to the North Lower Franconian , there are still differences to the places further north on the Lower Rhine (such as Geldern, Kleve, Moers or Duisburg across the Rhine). On the one hand, the Hüls tone of voice is more similar to the Krefeld or Kempen dialect, on the other hand, the initial "g" in Hüls is not changed to "Rachen-ch", as is otherwise usual in Northern Lower Franconia, but to "J" (as in Krieewelsch and also in Ripuarian Kölsch common); sometimes an actual "K" sound is affected, which is then spoken as a "J" sound:
- Hölsch Plott: j emaak j emaak öt össer nor j ene as master of dän Hi-eemel jefolle
- Standard German: Just calmly (leisurely), no one has yet fallen from heaven as a master
For comparison, the sound from the northern Lower Rhine:
- Ch emaag, ch emaag, it still et k eene as Meester van den Heemel ch efalle.
The following example shows how the dialects change slightly from place to place - whereby the salutation is often chosen in the somewhat antiquated form of the "third person" (so-called politeness ):
- Standard German: I don't understand you (you don't), you have to (you have to) speak a little louder
- Duisburg-Beeck: Ek Verstohn enk nit, chet möttn en betjen hadder speak
- Duisburger Platt : Ek verstohn u nit, chi mött en betzken hädder spräken.
- Moers: Ek verstonn au nit, che mot en betchen hatter kallen
- Hüls: Ek versto-an öch niet, je mutt en betsche hatter kolle
- Krefeld: Esch verstohn ösch niet, Sche mutt en bettsche hatter kalle
Influences from French
Further influences on the Hüls dialect come from the time of the French occupation of the Lower Rhine at the end of the 18th century . A number of French vocabulary found its way into the local dialect as loan words , for example:
- Trottewar (sidewalk)
- Paaplü (umbrella)
- Balljeäre (barrier, railway barrier)
- expri-e! (extra! especially cheeky!)
- Bredullje (distress)
- Etaasch (floor)
- Klüür (shade)
- Kuraasch (courage)
Breetlook
Closely connected with the Hülser dialect and indispensable to the Hülser Fasteloovend (carnival) are the figure of “ Trina ” and the carnival call “ Breetlook! “According to tradition, during the Thirty Years' War an enemy cavalry band wanted to raid the place. Since the Hülser Landwehr was manned by only a few men, the Hülser market women (Trinas) resorted to a ruse: They threw heaps of leek sticks (soup green = Breetlook) in front of the horses of the enemy riders, so that they slipped, fell and the Enemy could be driven away by the Hülser boys with clubs and pitchforks.
According to contemporary witnesses of the Second World War , the exclamation “ Breetlook! “Have been used among soldiers to convey the origin of Hüls in order to exchange regional news.
Medieval Hülser written documents
From the time from the 14th century onwards, there are documents handed down from the glory of Hüls in a language that is nowadays known across borders as Rhine-Maasland . Rhine Maasland was a written and office language of the upper classes in the Rhine-Maas triangle, which had developed in the Lower Franconian-speaking area and gradually replaced Latin as a written language. This written language differed in style and expression from the spoken language of the common people, the local Platt . Here is an example of an excerpt from an inheritance in 1363 between the knights Matthias von Hüls and his brothers Geldolf and Johann:
- I Mathys van Hulß, Mr. Walravens Soen ... I announce and give all Luiden onder my seal ... that I with volcomenen Rade ind will miner maege ind gelken with Geldolp ind with Johan, minen Broederen ... so what could be the right ones my van minem Vader sturven sien ind here from miner Moder Frouwe Stynen van Hulß sterven ind fall na oeren Dode ... As I lift ind keep the courtyard on the Eynde located in the Kirspell van Hulse buiten ind bynen with Artlande, Paschen, Garden , Weyden ind all sinen Tobehoren van Alts and van Nu ... (With "Hof an dem Eynde" was meant Papenburg at the northern end of the village , which later came to the Counts of Moers with its land ).
The excerpt shows that the written language used by the knight Mathys von Hüls still differs significantly from both modern High German and Hülser Platt - all in all, Lower Franconian only showed certain similarities with today's dialect from around the 12th century.
Dialect care
Until the Second World War, Hölsch Plott was the mother tongue spoken by most of the Hülsers . The children learned Platt while playing on the street and from their grandparents. You only learned standard German at school.
Even the first years after the war could speak and understand Platt. Today, Platt is usually only spoken by older people among themselves, as well as being cultivated on “Fasteloovend” (carnival), in stage appearances and in dialect circles. There is also a rich dialect literature and dialect songs in Hüls (especially by the poet Heinz Fenners , who died in 1952 ), as well as the annual "Heimatblätter" of the Hüls Heimatverein, in which history, customs and dialect are remembered.
Some school classes offer Platt lessons and for many of the participating children learning is almost like a foreign language .
The "new" dialect: Regiolekt
Instead of Platt, another colloquial language is beginning to prevail, called Regiolekt by linguists : what is meant is so-called Lower Rhine German , which Hanns Dieter Hüsch , for example , used the "black sheep from the Lower Rhine" in his appearances (even if he mentions a few verses " Grafschafter Platt " - his Moers home idiom - wrote).
Some dialect poets in the Kempen-Krefeld area also occasionally write in this new dialect , because if they wrote everything in flat , only a limited number of people with flat knowledge would read their books. In his book “Der Niederrhein und seine Deutsch”, the linguist and author Georg Cornelissen recorded the development that has led more and more people to Lower Rhine German .
Typical for Regiolekt are certain sentence constructions that are reminiscent of the pushed back Platt, e.g. B .:
- It is located about that ... it revolves is that ... (Platt et jeht to dröm, dat ... )
- Correct standard German would be: It's about ...
The Niederrhein-German is further distinguished by "simplification" in the debate and "merging" of words or word elements:
- Standard German: If you have something, then you are something, then you can do something - just make sure you get far with it!
- Niederrhein-Deutsch (Regiolekt): hated wat then bisste wat then kannsse wat - just look at it, get it far!
- Hülser Platt: Hate jet, then bad jet, then you can jet - kieck maa datte domöt how come!
These examples show that the regional lecturer is based on the standard German language - however, in terms of sentence structure and word order, he follows the dialect . The tone of voice (the "singsang") of the Regiolect is subliminally similar to the speech melody of the local dialect. The linguistic intonation in Hüls is different from that in Düsseldorf or Kleve, even if the speaker would try to speak standard German .
The more the "Niederrhein-German speakers" are informally among themselves , the more pronounced Regiolekt is used. If there are still dialect speakers in the discussion, a mixture of regiolect and dialect will result. The more the speakers are in a formal environment or in a discussion group with strangers, the less pronounced Regiolect is used - Platt is then avoided entirely, even if one could. And the Hülser (or Krefelder or Kempener ) involved in the conversation will think that he himself speaks “cultivated High German” - but you will recognize him by his tone of voice . The almost forgotten local Platt has left its mark on it.
literature
- Karl Heußen, Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.): Hölsch Plott - Dictionary for the Hülser dialect . Edition of the Heimatverein Krefeld-Hüls, 2010
- Heinz Webers: Krieewelsch - German dictionary . Seidenweber-Verlag Krefeld, 2005, ISBN 3-9807395-1-1
- Kurt-Wilhelm Graf Laufs: Niederfränkisch-Niederrheinische grammar . Verlag Niederrhein Institut, Höveler Druck Rheydt, 1995, ISBN 3-9804360-1-2
- Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.): Hülser Heimatblätter series - up to 2013 . Publisher H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 2013
- Association for local history Krefeld eV: Dialect in Krefeld . Verlag J. van Acken Krefeld, 2007, ISBN 3-923140-56-8
- Werner Mellen: Hüls - a chronicle . Verlag H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 1998, ISBN 3-9804002-1-2
- Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.) Karl Heußen: Hülser stories . Publisher H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 2011
- Heimatverein Hüls (Ed.) Rosa Kleintitschen: Ut den alden Tied . Publisher H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 1979
- Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.): Höls bliv Höls - poems by Heinz Fenners . Verlag H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 1977
- Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.) Karl Heußen: Hülser dialect songs . Publisher H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 2009
- Margret Boixen: Ens sue jeseit . Publisher H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 1994
- Josef Brocker: Husmeddele . Verlag Druckerei Weiler, Krefeld, 1983
- Georg Cornelissen: My grandma still speaks Platt. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7743-0417-8
- Ulrich Nonn: The Franks. Verlag Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-017814-4
- HF Döbler: The Germanic peoples - legend and reality. Verlag Heyne Munich 1975, ISBN 3-453-00753-0 , category Francs
- Günther Drosdowski (Ed.): The dictionary of origin / Volume 7 - Etymology of the German language. Dudenverlag, Mannheim 1989, ISBN 3-411-20907-0
- Irmgard Hantsche: Atlas for the history of the Lower Rhine. Series of publications by the Niederrhein Academy Volume 4, ISBN 3-89355-200-6
- Arend Mihm: Language and History in the Lower Lower Rhine . In: Yearbook of the Association for Low German Language Research. 115, 1992, ISSN 0083-5617 , pp. 88-122.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: My grandma still speaks Platt. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7743-0417-8 , pp. 39-42.
- ↑ Werner Mellen: Hüls - a chronicle . Verlag H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 1998, ISBN 3-9804002-1-2 , p. 16 ff.
- ↑ Werner Mellen: Hüls - a chronicle . Verlag H. Kaltenmeier Söhne, Krefeld-Hüls, 1998, ISBN 3-9804002-1-2 , p. 149.
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: My grandma still speaks Platt. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7743-0417-8 , p. 41.
- ↑ HF Döbler: The Germanic Peoples - legend and reality. Verlag Heyne München 1975, ISBN 3-453-00753-0 , section Franconia , p. 197 ff.
- ^ Ulrich Nonn: The Franks. Verlag Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-017814-4 , p. 15 ff.
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: My grandma still speaks Platt. Verlag Greven, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7743-0417-8 , p. 27 ff.
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: The Lower Rhine and its German . Greven Verlag Cologne, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7743-0394-2 , p. 125 ff.
- ↑ Karl Heußen, Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.): Hölsch Plott - Dictionary for the Hülser dialect . Edition of the Heimatverein Krefeld-Hüls, 2010, p. 1 ff.
- ↑ Karl Heußen, Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.): Hölsch Plott - Dictionary for the Hülser dialect . Edition of the Heimatverein Krefeld-Hüls, 2010, pp. 1–4
- ↑ Karl Heußen, Heimatverein Hüls (Hrsgb.): Hölsch Plott - Dictionary for the Hülser dialect . Edition of the Heimatverein Krefeld-Hüls, 2010, pp. 1–4
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: The Lower Rhine and its German . Greven Verlag Cologne, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7743-0394-2 , p. 125 ff.
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: The Lower Rhine and its German . Greven Verlag Cologne, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7743-0394-2 , p. 110 ff
- ↑ Irmgard Hantsche: Atlas for the history of the Lower Rhine. Series of publications of the Niederrhein Academy Volume 4, ISBN 3-89355-200-6 , p. 66 ff.
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: My grandma still speaks Platt. Verlag Greven, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7743-0417-8 , pp. 25-27, pp. 43 ff.
- ↑ Werner Mellen: Hüls - a chronicle . Verlag H. Kaltenmeier Sons, Krefeld-Hüls, 1998, ISBN 3-9804002-1-2 , p. 105 ff
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: The Lower Rhine and its German. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7743-0349-2 , p. 11 ff.
