Duisburg Platt
| Duisburg Platt | ||
|---|---|---|
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Spoken in |
Germany | |
| Linguistic classification |
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Duisburger Platt ( Düsbergsch Platt ), also called Duisburg dialect , belonged to the southeastern expression of the Kleverland dialect . These are part of the Lower Franconian language, which also includes Dutch.
The Uerdinger line (ik-ich distinction) to the south of the language area is the dividing line to the southern Lower Franconian between Krefeld / Duisburg-Mündelheim and Düsseldorf-Benrath .
Duisburger Platt is now considered to be extinct. In the meantime, people in the Duisburg area speak of a Ruhr area region with a Lower Rhine character.
origin
At the beginning of the 3rd century, the Franconian tribes attacked from the right bank of the Rhine to the left bank and invaded the areas populated by Romans and Gallo- Romans . Today's North Lower Franconian , like South and Middle Franconian, is derived from these Franks, which are located on the Rhine and expand towards the west.
Uerdinger line (ik — ich) and language border to Westphalian
While the personal pronoun “I” is pronounced as “esch” or “isch” in southern Lower Franconia (esch ben enne Düsseldörwer), it is spoken from the Krefeld district of Hüls ( Hölsch Plott ), in Kempen and on the left and right of the lower Rhine from Duisburg to Emmerich / Kleve as "ek" or "ik". To the east of Oberhausen / Mülheim an der Ruhr / Gummersbach runs the unitary plural line that separates the Rhenish from the Westphalian. The unit plural line is also known as the Rhine – IJssel line . It denotes the isogloss that separates Lower Franconian from Lower Saxony . It is also known as the mähet / mäh (n) line and owes its name to the fact that the present plural forms of regular verbs (“mähen”) are formed differently on both sides of the line
The Rheinische Fächer published by the LVR ( Landschaftsverband Rheinland ) illustrates the linguistic lines in the Rhineland as they are historically represented.
Linguistic development in the Rhine-Ruhr estuary
In the Rhine-Ruhr estuary, which belonged to the Duchy of Kleve , the early medieval former Duisburg Gau , Lower Franconian was spoken until the 16th century. H. Dutch dialects from Brabant / Limburg .
A written chronicle of the writing of this language from the 15th and 16th centuries is available from Duisburg clergyman Johann Wassenberch . So he wrote about the Geldern War of 1502:
“The van Wesel voirden dat gelresche veynken myt yn, the van Emerick of the hartogen van Gelre syn pert. Et ys the bonter koe dair wail succeeded, the gelreschen varr brings sy yn groet verdreyt. Three slang synt mede to Wesel spronged, the Gelreschen keren nyet. ”
(“ The Weselers captured the banner of the Geldernschen, the Emmeriches of the Duke's horse. Then the colorful cow succeeded in cornering the Geldernian bull. Three Cannons were brought to Wesel, the Geldernschen could not prevent that ”).
With the merger of the duchies of Jülich , Kleve and Berg , the rule of Ravenstein and the Westphalian counties of Mark and Ravensberg in 1521, more and more Central German ( Cologne ) influence became noticeable. Originally, the Counts of Berg exercised protection over the imperial city of Duisburg until Rudolf von Habsburg pledged the city to his son-in-law Dietrich von Kleve in 1290 . Due to the union with Kleve, the originally Bergisch dialect south of the Ruhr showed more and more Kleverland-Dutch influences. In 1666 Duisburg and Kleve finally come to Brandenburg , later Prussia . A transition area between Dutch and German is emerging on the Lower Rhine .
The dialects changed and took on more and more Rhine-Franconian, but also Westphalian elements. While the Kleverland dialects in the north and west of the dialect area still had many characteristics of Dutch, these dwindled in the south. In the Rhine-Ruhr estuary, dialects emerged that were on the one hand more under Westphalian influence such as those spoken in Sterkrade , Hamborn and Dinslaken and on the other hand were more under Ripuarian influence ( Ruhrorter Platt, Meidericher Platt, Duisburger Platt, Mölmsch ( Mülheim an der Ruhr ), the Grafschafter Platt in the Moers area ). In the sparsely populated area of today's city center of Oberhausen , northeast of Duisburg , in the peasantry Lirich and in the Lipper Heide , both of which belonged to the Borbeck mayor , they spoke a Westphalian dialect ( Borbecksch Platt ).
Duisburg Platt was spoken south of the Ruhr, within the boundaries of today's Duisburg-Mitte district and in Wanheim-Angerhausen . South of this area, in the formerly Bergisch places and today's districts of Huckingen , Mündelheim , Serm and Rahm , which belonged to the district of Duisburg-Süd , they spoke South Lower Franconian (Limburg) dialects, which were similar to the Düsseldorfer Platt.
| Ruhrorter Platt
(Kleverländisch) |
Meidericher Platt
(Kleverländisch) |
Borbecksch ( (South Westphalian) ) |
| Grafschafter Platt
( Kleverländisch ) |
.svg)
|
Mölmsch
(Ostbergisch) |
| Sermer Platt
(Limburgish) |
Huckinger Platt
(Limburgish) |
Mölmsch
(Ostbergisch) |
The Duisburger Platt took a special position on the right Lower Rhine , as it differed from the dialects of Kleverland north of the Ruhr in terms of vocabulary and pronunciation and took a language level between the Ostberg, southern Lower Franconian (Limburg) and Kleverland dialects. Originally, the Counts of Berg exercised protection over the imperial city of Duisburg until Rudolf von Habsburg pledged the city to his son-in-law Dietrich von Kleve in 1290 . Through the union with Kleve, the originally Bergisch dialect showed more and more Kleverland influences.
The linguist Heinrich Neuse found in his research at the beginning of the 20th century that the Duisburger Platt had "up to 149" differences from the main dialect area of Kleverland and 151 differences from the main dialect area of Ostberg. With the incorporation of the cities of Ruhrort and Meiderich in 1905 and the city of Hamborn as well as the incorporation of the towns of the mayor's office of Angermund, which originally belonged to the Düsseldorf district, in 1929 there were several dialect areas that were united in one city.
The disappearance of dialects in the Rhine-Ruhr estuary was already apparent in the 1950s and was completed by the 1970s at the latest. Slowly the development towards a Ruhr German with Lower Rhine characteristics prevailed. The linguistic differences between the north and the south of the city, which arose from the historical dialect, can still be observed today among the older population.
Linguistic characteristics
The Duisburger Platt did not take part in the second (High German) sound shift. The German or second sound shift (also: High German or Old High German sound shift ) is understood as the change in sound in the area of the consonant system , which gave rise to the High German dialects in the early Middle Ages , which thereby differed from the Lower Franconian dialects in a common dialect continuum . The original old Germanic consonants p , t and k have been preserved in Duisburger Platt :
- Duisburger Platt: Schloh p e - High German: schla f s
- Duisburger Platt: Stroo t - High German: Stra ß e
- Duisburger Platt: ma k en - High German: ma ch en
The so-called second phase of the High German sound shift, in which p , t , k became pf , ts ( z ) and ch , was also not carried out:
- Duisburger Platt: A pp el - High German: A pf el
- Duisburger Platt: T id - Standard German: Z eit
- Duisburger Platt: e k / u k - High German: I / too
Old common d have also been preserved:
- Duisburger Platt: D esch, d ohn - High German: T isch, t un
Rhenish sharpening and Kleverland accent
In the Ripuarian and Limburg languages , the tone accents typical of these dialects are called " Rhenish sharpening ".
In the rest of the German and Dutch- speaking areas, the accent is perceived as "typically Rhenish" intonation or "Rhenish singsong".
Tone accent 1 and tone accent 2
There are two tone accents, tone accent 1 and tone accent 2. Tone accent 1 is the sharpened (Rhenish) "push tone", tone accent 2 is the unsharpened "grinding tone".
With the sharpened word syllables (tone accent 1) there is an abrupt drop in pressure. The sonorants (vowels or the following “continuous sounds”) end with a break in the larynx vibrations and a sharp decrease in sound pressure.
The linguist Rudolf Plagen describes the first tone accent as follows:
“ The sound in question (is) formed from the moment of its occurrence with full, energetic expiratory pressure, when the vocal cords vibrate strongly, suddenly loses the expiratory pressure: hear the vocal cord vibrations with a sudden Jerk up, and the following sound occurs purely as an articulation of the oral organs without expiration and vocal cord vibration having time to start again. "
The grinding tone (tone accent 2) is characterized by a pitch curve and pressure curve, which often begins with a high tone with high pressure, both of which fall quickly and then rise again somewhat more slowly to approximately the normal level.
What is special about these tone accents is that they can be distinctive, ie the same words in their sound sequence are given different meanings due to different tone accents.
In Cologne dialect, the word “Luus” means “smart” when spoken with tone accent 1, and when spoken with tone accent 2 it means “louse”. In the dialect of Nieukerk in the Kleve district, this applies to “de Wääch” (the path <singular>) in tone accent 2 and “die Wääch” (the paths - <plural>) in tone accent 1.
The word accent contrast between tone accent 1 and tone accent 2 is limited to three types of syllables: to syllables with a long vowel, to syllables with a diphthong or to syllables with a short vowel followed by a consonant sonorant ( l , m , n , ŋ , r ).
In general, sharpened syllables are characterized by the fact that they indicate unusual final syllables: in Cologne dialect, the word "Nas" for High German "nose" is pronounced sharply, in contrast to the word "nass" for High German "wet", which is pronounced unsharpened becomes.
Unsharp word syllables (tone accent 2) are referred to in traditional literature as "grinding tone", "circumflex" or "inertia accent". They are characterized by a slow, dragging and continuously falling, rising or rising-falling two-peaked sound movement.
The border area between the non-distinctive tone accent of standard German and the contrasting tone accents of the “Rhenish singsong” ran through what is now Duisburg's urban area.
Characterization of the Kleverland accent
In the area north of the border, the linguist Jakob Ramisch also observed a tone accent 2 comparable to that in Ripuarian. He described this tone accent 2, however, as more monotonous, more even and seemed to (only) tend towards tone accent 2. At the beginning of the 20th century, the linguist Heinrich Neuse referred to this accent as the "Kleverland accent":
“ The essence of the Kleverland accent is that the long vocal affected by it is divided into two parts: the first with about 3/5 of the expiration time is purely vocal with a musical high tone, the second with about 2/5 of the expiration time has a musical low tone The quality of the vocals forms a transition stage after ɘ , fluctuating in individual pronunciation. The total length of the vocals is not less than with simple lengths, rather the opposite is the case. [...] "
The Kleverland accent only occurs with long vowels, in closed syllables and in the final word.
In today's urban area of Duisburg there were varieties with a contrast between accent 1 and 2 (Rhenish accent) as well as with a non-distinctive accent (Kleverland accent) around a hundred years ago.
According to Neuse, the northern border of the "Rhenish accent" ran north of Duisburg's old town and Styrum . In Mülheim, Styrum and Speldorf and in Duisburg's Ratsdorf Duissern , the Rhenish sharpening was still clearly pronounced, in the old town of Duisburg it was noticeably weakened, because according to Neuse, the Duisburger Platt was originally a Bergisch dialect like the Mölmsch. Through the union of the imperial city of Duisburg with Kleve, it showed strong Kleverland influences, which were particularly evident in the old town of Duisburg, while the villages of the city of Duisburg were less affected.
According to the system
The sound system of Duisburger Platt was similar to the (Ostberg) Mölmsch of the neighboring city of Mülheim an der Ruhr and differed from the dialect of Kleverland, which was north and west. The following presentation follows Heinrich Neuse's remarks. Neuse, however, used the notation customary at the time: the Latin alphabet with diacritical marks. Short vowels remained unmarked, lengths were indicated by a slash above the vowel: ō. Open vowels have a comma below the letter: ǫ . The sounds of the German spellings ö and ü were represented by ø and y .
Neuse explained the language level of the dialect of today's Duisburg district of Aldenrade and compared it with the other dialects in a statistical part of his book, in which he listed the respective deviations between the Kleverland dialects.
Vocal system
Characteristic of the Duisburg dialect was the stretching of the vowels before sibilants, e.g. B. waasche (wash), waasse (grow) as well as the non-existent continuous leveling of / ae / to / eˑ /, / aʊ / to / oˑ / and / øʏ / to / øˑ /. Instead, the corresponding sounds in Duisburg dialect were / æˑe̯ /, / ɒˑo̯ / and / ɶˑʏ̯ /. So it was not called Steen in Duisburg's Platt, but Stäin (stone), Boum instead of Boom (tree) and Böum instead of Bööm (trees).
The Kleverland shrinkage of / v /, / h /, / g / and / d / by replacing / j / was not consistently present in Duisburger Platt. So it was called / riɘ / instead of / rijɘ / (riding), / ɡuˑɘ / instead of / ɡuˑjɘ / (good) like in the Ruhrorter Platt.
Apocopied words were pronounced sharply as in Ripuarian.
| According to | description | example |
|---|---|---|
| / a / | short, unrounded open front tongue vowel | w A Want (wait), N a ch (night) |
| / aː / | long, unrounded open front tongue vowel | V a the (father), W a ter (water) w, ah SSE (grow), w a specific (Wash) |
| / ɐ / | dull some light a, between / a / and / ə / | Wö r t (words) |
| / ɛ / | short, half-open front unrounded vowel | Sch e pp (ship), tr e bridge (pull), s etc. gge (say) m ä e (mow) |
| / ɛː / | long, open unrounded vowel | g ä we (give), W ä k (week), Ää d (earth), P ä d (horse), K ä l (Guy, man), sähs (six) |
| / ə / | short, half-open front unrounded vowel | schlohp e (to sleep), schriew e (to write), tefre e [ təˈfreə ] |
| / e / | short, closed front unrounded vowel | e k (me), dr e nke (drink), m e ch (me, me), g e ng [ χeŋ ] (went), m e t (with) |
| / eː / | long, closed front unrounded vowel | Schw ee l (callus), D ee sch (table), D ee n (whore), d eh t (tat) |
| / i / | short, closed front unrounded vowel | verm i e (rent), r i e (ride), W i n (wine), k i nn (none) |
| / iː / | long, closed front unrounded vowel | f ie f (five), R ie g [ riːχ ] (row), s ih n (see) |
| / ɔ / | short, open back rounded vowel | k o tt (short), gr o ff (coarse), l o ss (loose) |
| / ɔ: / | long, open back rounded vowel | Str oo t (street), schl oh pe (sleep), P oh t (gate, door), S o terdag (Saturday), D o sch (thirst) |
| / o / | short, closed back rounded vowel | o ck (also, next to: uck, ouck) |
| / oː / | long, closed back rounded vowel | H oo nd (dog), gef oo nde (found), k oo m (came) |
| / œ / | short, open front rounded vowel | P ö tt (pots), S ö ster (sister), D ö rpel (threshold) |
| / œː / | long, open front rounded vowel | H öh nder (horns), w öh d (becomes), dou b ö ß (you are) |
| / ø / | short, closed front rounded vowel | h ö nn (dogs), k ö mp (comes) |
| / øː / | long, closed front rounded vowel | ö ver (above), M er l (mill), gr ö ter [ χøːtɐ ] (greater than) |
| / u / | short, closed back vowel | u ck (also), Br u r (brother), g u e [ χuˑə ] (good) |
| / uː / | long, closed back rounded vowel | H u s (house), br u ke (need), B u k (book), D u weschlag (dovecote), u t (off), s uu pe (drinking) |
| / y / | short, closed front rounded vowel | B ü ll (bump), bed above (mean) e, l u e (lie), Str ü sugar (shrubs) |
| / yː / | long, closed front rounded vowel | L ü s (lice), M ü s (mice), H ü ser (houses) |
| / æˑe̯ / | falling diphthong from open light a, between a and ä and a semi-closed front unrounded vowel | kl ei n (small), Kl ei the (clothes), m ei ne (my) ei n (one), Fl ei sch (meat) |
| / ɪˑi̯ / | falling diphthong from open and closed i | schn ie e (snowing), b i (in), m i (short form I / I), t i d (time) |
| / ɒˑo̯ / | falling diphthong of open back rounded vowel and semi-closed back front rounded vowel | l ou pe (run), B ou m (tree), ou ck (also - stressed), Fr ou (woman) |
| / ɶˑʏ̯ / | falling diphthong consisting of an open rounded front vowel ö and a rounded centralized, almost closed front tongue vowel ü | B äu m (trees), gl äu we (believe), d äu e (thaw) |
| / aɪˑi̯ / | falling triphthong from short light a, closed and open i | Eii (egg), Kl aii (clay) |
Consonant system
Anlautendes s was voiceless: / s / . As in Mölmsch, the word “Söster” was pronounced with “sharp s”. The anlautende in High German / g / as anlautend in Mölmsch / x / spoken, that is, as velar fricative between the High German sounds in "oh" and "I".
items
| Countable nouns | Innumerable nouns of all genera |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||
| case | masculine | feminine | neutral | ||
| Nominative | en | en | en | ∅ | ∅ |
| Genitive | van enne | van en | van en | ∅ | ∅ |
| dative | en | en | en | ∅ | ∅ |
| accusative | enne | en | en | ∅ | ∅ |
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| case | masculine | feminine | neutral | |
| Nominative | dä, dänn, däm (de) | the de) | dat (de) | the de) |
| Genitive | van dämm (van de) | van die (van de) | van dat (van et) | van die (van de) |
| dative | dä (m) (de) | the de) | dat | the de) |
| accusative | dä, dänn (de) | the de) | dat (dat) | the de) |
conjugation
| Present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| infinitive | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| meaning (to be) | (ek) fine | (dou) bad | (huh) it | (how / we) meaning | (chi) sitt | (se) sense |
| häbbe (n) / häwwe (n) (to have) | (ek) heff / hebb | (dou) hate | (huh) would have | (wie / we) häbbe (n) / häwwe (n) | (chi) would have | (se) häbbe (n) / häwwe (n) |
| make (n) (to make) | (ek) maak | (dou) mäcks | (huh) mäck | (wie / we) make (n) | (chi) maakt | (se) make (n) |
| wete (n) (to know) | (ek) weet | (dou) wezz | (hä) weet | (wie / we) wete (n) | (chi) weet | (se) wete (n) |
| preterite | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| infinitive | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| meaning (to be) | (ek) wor | (dou) wors | (hä) wor | (wie / we) wore (n) | (chi) word | (se) wore (n) |
| häbbe (n) (have) | (ek) had | (dou) hads | (hä) had | (wie / we) hadde (n) | (chi) had | (se) hadde (n) |
| make (n) (to make) | (ek) miek | (dou) mieks | (hä) miek | (like / we) mieke (n) | (chi) miek | (se) mieke (n) |
| weete (n) (to know) | (ek) woss | (dou) woss | (hä) woss | (wie / we) wosse (n) | (chi) wosset | (se) wosse (n) |
Numerals
| value | Cardinal number | Atomic number | Iterative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | een | shocked | eimohl, eens, öhs |
| 2 | twee | tweede | tweemohl |
| 3 | dree | derde | dreemohl |
| 4th | four | Vierde | Viermohl |
| 5 | fief | fiefde | fiefmohl |
| 6th | see it | sähsde | sähsmohl |
| 7th | söhwe (n) | söhwende | söhwemohl |
| 8th | Oh | achde | oh dear |
| 9 | ne (g) e (n) | no (ge) nde | ne (ge) nohl |
| 10 | tien | doings | tienmohl |
| 11 | case | ällfde | allefmohl |
| 12 | twelf | twelfde | twelfmohl |
| 13 | dertien | derating | dertienmohl |
| 14th | vertien | sell | vertienmohl |
| 15th | fieftien | deepening | fietienmohl |
| 16 | saw you | sähsstiende | sähstienmohl |
| 17th | söhwe (n) tien | söhwe (n) tiende | söwe (n) tienmohl |
| 18th | pay attention | respectful | Achtienmohl |
| 20th | twentech | twentechsde | twentechmohl |
| 21st | eenontwentech | eenontwintechsde | eenontwintechgmohl |
| 30th | dertech | dertechsde | deetechmohl |
| 40 | vertech | confusing | vertechmohl |
| 50 | fieftech | fieftechsde | fieftechmohl |
| 60 | sähstech | sähstechsde | sähstechmohl |
| 70 | sähwetech | sähwetechsde | sähwetechmohl |
| 80 | eighth | eighth | eightchmohl |
| 90 | ne (ge) ntech | ne (ge) entechde | ne (ge) ntechmohl |
| 100 | honors | hondertsde | hondertmohl |
| 1000 | dousent | dousentsde | dousentmohl |
Word examples
| Duisburg Platt | Standard German | annotation | |
| Billed | biscuit | nl . :: beschuit | |
| Beus | jacket | nl .: wambuis | |
| bott | thick, fat | ||
| De Borch | the Burgplatz | Original location of the Duisburg imperial palace and center of the old town | |
| butten | outside | nl .: buiten | |
| Bux | trousers | ||
| Denslake | Dinslaken | City in North Rhine-Westphalia, north of Duisburg | |
| Doehr | door | nl .: deur | |
| Driet, Drietkes, Driss | Excrement, stupid stuff | ||
| Dürpel | Doorstep | nl .: durpel | |
| drake | potato | nl .: aardappel, ( Brabantisch : er (re) pel) | |
| Hipp | goat | ||
| Keckwosch | frog | nl .: kikvors | |
| Mostert | mustard | nl .: mosterd | |
| Ölk | onion | ||
| Ollich | oil | ||
| op | on | nl .: op | |
| Örtskes | Leftover food | ||
| Pannas | crispy baked goods in the pan | ||
| Pock, Pöckske | Pig, piggy | ||
| Rhin | Rhine | ||
| Schol | school | nl .: school | |
| Söster | sister | nl .: zuster | |
| stong, stong | stand, stand | nl .: staan, stond (Brabantisch: staon, stong) | |
| Tinting bench | Display (business) | nl .: toonbank | |
| trek (n) | pull | nl .: trekking | |
| vandaach | today | nl .: vandaag | |
| Venuss | oven | nl .: fornuis | |
| vertelle (n) | tell | nl .: vertical | |
| Madness | Wanheim | Duisburg district |
Sentence examples
- Wellem van der Weppe wor all fis op Johre, as have six women nohm. Huh, what?
- en betzke vörsechtig en everything.
- "Jezz bös still go on single," say hä yourself, as hä fiefonvertig Johr old wor,
- "On wezz, what do hate, avver what do kriggs, when you have a woman at your neck
- Hang on, dat wezz do not long! "
- (Wilhelm van der Weppe was years old when he took a wife. He always was
- a little careful in everything.
- "Now you are still free and single," he said to himself when he was forty-five years old,
- “And know what you have, but what you get when you have a woman on your neck
- hang, you don't know that for a long time! ")
- "Now come here, my son!"
- "Bad do de teacher?" "Yes, my boy, that's me."
- “Ek woll here en de schol! Ävver ek bön alone. Vader mot work, on Moder wash it, on os
- Drütt say, ek kös alone gohn. "
- "If it was Drütt?" Froged nu de teacher, who weherköm ensog, dat met Düsbergsch Platt.
- "Drütt? Dat it min Söster! "
- "Ah ok! Then come ma it here on segg, how do hits on when de born bad. Dat mot everything in here
- de Less. "
- “Ek hitt Pitt Schmetz on living op de Möschenberg. Min Vader is working on the canal.
- The Empschinn hebb ek nit; Moderately say, me kös et still to the poor sihn on helpe there is still
- ner! Get a table ek Soterdag, then Vader get money. "
- ("Now come here, my son!"
- "Are you the teacher?" "Yes, my boy, I am."
- “I want to go to school here. But i'm alone Father has to work and mother is washing, and
- our Drütt ('Gertrud') says I could go alone. "
- “Who is Drütt?” Asked the teacher, who saw that he could get on with Duisburger Platt.
- "Drütt? This is my sister!"
- "I see! Then come here and say what your name is and when you were born. It has to be all here
- in the textbook. "
- “My name is Peter Schmitz and I live on the Möschenberg (“ Spatzenberg ”). My father works
- in the sawmill on the canal.
- I don't have the vaccination certificate; Mother said we can still see it on our arms and it never helped! Get a writing board
- me on Saturday, then father will get money. ")
The Lord's Prayer"
|
|
See also
- Kleverlandisch
- Rheinberger Platt
- Mölmsch
- Hölsch plot
- Krieewelsch
- Düsseldorfer Platt
- Lower Rhine
- Lower Franconian
- Dutch dialects
- Matthias Lixenfeld
literature
- Georg Böllert: Ut Old Düsberg's Tid. Published by Georg Böllert, Duisburg 1934.
- Heinrich Neuse: Studies on Lower Rhenish dialect geography in the districts of Rees, Dinslaken, Hamborn, Mülheim, Duisburg. In: German dialect geography. Booklet VIII, Marburg 1915.
Web links
- Language example Duisburger Platt (speaker: Hans Weidenbruch, dialect author, born 1933, born in Duisburg). Written out and read out. The Rhenish Platt - an inventory, Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1989
- Language example Duisburg-Rheinhausen (formerly part of the former county of Moers)
- Video showing the Rhenish tone accents
Individual evidence
- ↑ HF Döbler: The Germanic Peoples - legend and reality. Verlag Heyne, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-453-00753-0 , category Francs. P. 197 ff.
- ^ Ulrich Nonn: The Franks. Verlag Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-017814-4 , p. 15 ff.
- ↑ Georg Cornelissen: The Lower Rhine and its German. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7743-0349-2 , p. 11 ff.
- ↑ Arend Mihm: The Chronicle of Johann Wassenberch. Mercator-Verlag, Duisburg 1981, ISBN 3-87463-095-1 .
- ↑ Rhenish tone accents. LVR Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History.
-
^ Heinrich Neuse:
- Studies on the dialect geography of the Lower Rhine in the districts of Rees, Dinslaken, Hamborn, Mülheim, Duisburg. Inaugural dissertation. R. Friedrich's Universitätsbuchdruckerei (owner: Karl Gleiser), Marburg 1914, p. 5 (within § 5)
- Studies on the dialect geography of the Lower Rhine in the districts of Rees, Dinslaken, Hamborn, Mülheim, Duisburg. In: German dialect geography. Reports and studies on G. Wenker's Linguistic Atlas of the German Reich edited by Ferdinand Wrede. Booklet VIII. NG Elwert'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Marburg 1915, p. 85 (within § 5)
- ^ Studies on dialect geography in the Lower Rhine region in the Rees, Dinslaken, Hamborn, Mülheim, Duisburg districts. Statistical part §§245,390.
- ^ Jörg Peters: Intonation of German regional languages. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-11-019096-6 , Chapter 9: Duisburg, p. 325 ff.
- ^ Studies on dialect geography in the Lower Rhine region in the Rees, Dinslaken, Hamborn, Mülheim, Duisburg districts. Statistical part §§1 to 373.
- ^ Georg Böllert: Ut Old Düsberg's Tid. Published by Georg Böllert, Duisburg 1934.