Duisburg center
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| Area : | 34.98 km² | ||
| Residents : | 110,831 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Population density : | 3,168 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Postcodes : | 47051-47059 | ||
| Telephone code : | 0203 | ||
| Distribution of seats for the district council (2014) | |||
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Duisburg-Mitte is a district of the city of Duisburg with 110,831 inhabitants and an area of 34.98 km² (as of December 31, 2016) .
The Mitte district is the nucleus and center of today's metropolis Duisburg. It includes the old town, the Dellviertel and the districts of Duissern , Hochfeld , Kasslerfeld, Neudorf-Nord and Neudorf-Süd , Neuenkamp and Wanheimerort . The district borders in the north on the urban districts Homberg / Ruhrort / Baerl and Meiderich / Beeck , in the east on the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr , in the south on the district Duisburg-Süd and in the west on the urban district Rheinhausen .
Today's district, like the city as a whole, has suffered a massive decline in population over the past three decades: While 154,644 people lived in the district according to the census on July 27, 1970, it is more than 30 percent fewer today.
In June 2005, with votes from the CDU , the Greens and the PDS, the City Council decided to designate the former freight yard at Duisburg Central Station as a special area. This prevented the settlement of a huge shopping center, which in its dimensions would have corresponded to the Neue Mitte Oberhausen and which should have attracted masses of visitors from the nearby Netherlands and Belgium. The council of the Duisburg-Mitte district also rejected the 440 million euro investment. Instead, they favored the construction of the Forum Duisburg , which opened in September 2008 and, with 57,000 square meters, is now one of the largest inner-city shopping centers and which is slightly smaller than the rejected shopping center at the main train station (70,000 square meters). According to plans presented in the spring of 2009, a new city quarter, Duisburger Freiheit , is to be built on the area of the freight station over the next 15 years .
The CityPalais project was completed in the first half of 2007 . It is located opposite the Forum Duisburg and has the largest casino in Germany, Casino Duisburg , and has a new concert hall, retail space and offices.
The old rural and forestry district of Duisburg
Duisburg goes back to an old royal court from the 9th century, which quickly developed into a market town. In the 12th century, the king's base comprised the area of today's Burgplatz with the Imperial Palace and the Salvator Church .
Today's urban district largely comprises the old Duisburg area around the medieval Klevian city, which was bordered by the Rhine in the west and the old Landwehr in the east . It is the remainder of the rural and forestry district that originally belonged to the royal court , the boundaries of which were specified in a document from 1065 with the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Düssel and which reached as far as Werden in the east. This area, also called Ruhrgau or Duisburggau (see also: Duisburg-Kaiserswerther Grafschaft ), included parts of today's cities of Düsseldorf and Essen .
Over time, however, this area has been divided and reduced in size. In the 16th century, the Berg territory pushed as far as the Rhine and cut off the southern part of Duisburg. The village of Wanheim-Angerhausen remained in the Bergisch territory as an exclave of the city of Duisburg. Remnants of the old Duisburg forest still exist in the east of the city, in the New Cemetery of the city of Duisburg and in the west of the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr as well as in the Düsseldorf-Mettmann district and in the Düsseldorf city area.
The old town of Duisburg
The old town of Duisburg was surrounded by a city wall, some of which is still preserved today or has been partially reconstructed. The city wall covered an area of about 32 hectares, on which about 2000 to 3000 people lived in the 16th century. The city wall is known to posterity from the drawing of the city map by Johannes Corputius . The wall was once 2.5 km long. Many parts of the city wall remained in place until the Second World War: they were soon used as a back wall for many town houses. After the Second World War, 80 percent of it was still preserved. Today it is only 26 percent. According to the Duisburg city administration, this 670 meter city wall is the "oldest stone medieval city wall in the German-speaking area that has been preserved to such an extent".
It had 11 main and 11 half towers, including 4 main gates reinforced with towers: Marientor , Stapeltor , Schwanentor and Kuhtor . It is still completely drawn in on a city map from 1850, although at the turn of the 19th century they were already suffering and the swan gate was demolished in 1815. In 1833 the cow gate fell as the last gate.
Today the district is the political and social center of the city of Duisburg with 8,281 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016).
In addition to the historic old town, it includes the so-called Wasserviertel to the east with the inner harbor and the area to the west beyond the Marientor with the Stadtwerketurm , which is illuminated in color at night and can be seen from afar. The old town is the central cultural location of the entire city with the Deutsche Oper am Rhein , the Theater am Marientor , the Duisburg Philharmonic and the old Mercator Hall , which was rebuilt as part of a new cultural center ( CityPalais ) after its demolition by the end of 2006 .
The history of the district is the history of the old city of Duisburg. Under Heinrich I , the old imperial palace was built here directly on the banks of the Rhine. The royal court, which was converted into an imperial palace, was the meeting point and meeting place of German kings and emperors of the Roman-German Empire in the 10th century .
With the relocation of the Rhine in the 12th century (some sources indicate the 11th century), the trading metropolis at the intersection of Hellweg and Rhine and in the border area between Saxony , Franconia and Lorraine lost its political importance. In 1294 it lost its imperial immediacy and its status as an imperial city . It was pledged to the Counts of Kleve .
In the 16th century the cartographer Gerhard Mercator settled in the city and thus contributed to the fact that the Klevian agricultural town gained in importance. With the opening of the old University of Duisburg in 1655, the city established its reputation as "Duisburgum doctum" (learned Duisburg).
With industrialization, the city grew beyond its walls. At the site of the silted up old arm of the Rhine, outer and inner harbors were built , which served as a transport route for grain and wood. Numerous grain silos and mills made the city the most important transshipment point for the food supply in western Germany.
The new town hall, built in 1900 and replacing the old building, the Salvatorkirche and the Burgplatz characterize the image of the district today. The war destroyed almost 90% of the old town. What was not destroyed by bombs, like the old concert hall , was torn down in favor of road extensions and large-scale new buildings.
The Dellviertel and Hochfeld
To the south and east of the old town is the Dellviertel with 14,616 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016). This is where the town's field marrow used to be. Until 1850 there was haphazard construction activity here. Only then was a development plan drawn up. During the Second World War , the Dellviertel was exposed to severe damage. Most of the late classicist buildings were irrevocably razed to the ground and never rebuilt.
To the south of the Dellviertel is Hochfeld with a population of 18,298 (as of December 31, 2016). There used to be a dense forest area here. The “infirmary” for the lepers was just a short distance from the city gates, very close to the gallows. On the banks of the Rhine, a ferry passed to Werthausen ; the ferry has been attested since the Middle Ages and Werthauser Strasse still exists today.
Having plunged into high debts as a result of the Thirty Years' War in the middle of the 17th century, the citizens of Duisburg had forests cut down, they sold the wood and made the land arable. The area was called the high field; Located directly on the Rhine, its "high" location protected it from the notorious Rhine flood. Even today some street names are reminiscent of old field names (e.g. Eigen, Valenkamp).
At the beginning of the 19th century the Rhine Canal - today the outer harbor - was built and Duisburg was connected to the railway network. Together with the good road connections, this circumstance made Duisburg appear as a particularly interesting location for the beginning industrialization .
Above all, it was ideal that Hochfeld, with its direct connection to the Rhine, which was not only essential for the important transport of goods , but also offered free water and easy disposal of wastewater. Steel producing and processing factories, suppliers and chemical companies settled on the high fields.
In parallel with industry, houses were built for the workers. Since there was no precise development plan , construction was carried out without a plan. The population exploded. In 1854, 1,700 people lived in Hochfeld, in 1895 there were already 18,400.
Apart from the economic fluctuations, things went up until the First World War . With the outbreak of the First World War, the economy initially came to a standstill. Workers were included in the military , many volunteered. The result was a rapid decline in production. Prisoners of war and women were used as cheap labor.
The outbreak of the revolution on November 9, 1918 was followed by stormy years. French occupation, the Ruhr Army, inflation and the global economic crisis are only mentioned here as keywords. Strikes and civil war-like conditions had severely affected the entire economy by 1925.
The darkest chapter in German history initially had positive effects due to the rearmament policy that was pursued at an early stage: the number of unemployed fell. With the beginning of the war, hard times followed for the townspeople. Duisburg is one of the German cities that suffered most from the air war . The residential and industrial districts were reduced to rubble, especially from 1943 onwards. To protect against the allies advancing from the west, the Rhine bridges were destroyed by the Nazis themselves.
After the bad years, there were good ones again: The reconstruction and the economic miracle in the 50s and 60s . The residents had work again and were able to achieve modest prosperity . In those times, Hochfeld had up to 33,000 inhabitants.
The further economic development of Hochfeld, and thus also the labor market situation, was shaped by the turbulent economic development of heavy industry on the Rhine. The weak growth of the iron and steel industry meant that more and more jobs in Hochfeld have been lost since the early 1970s . The global economic weakness in the steel sector in the 80s led to further mass layoffs .
Due to the decline of the companies based in Hochfeld and the large-scale demolition of residential buildings, the population was reduced from around 33,000 by 1999 to around half.
Neuenkamp and Kaßlerfeld
The settlement area of the two districts of Neuenkamp and Kaßlerfeld is located on a peninsula between the Rhine and Ruhr, west of Duisburg's old town. Until the municipal reorganization in 1975, the two districts were a twin district with around 18,000 inhabitants at that time. Today Neuenkamp has 5,341 inhabitants and Kaßlerfeld 3,904 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016).
Neuenkamp is located between the federal motorway 40 and the parallel port. The name goes back to the relocation of the Rhine in the 13th century, when the area of today's district separated from the left bank of the Rhine and connected to the area of Duisburg on the right bank of the Rhine through siltation.
After a donation by Vogt Walram von Limburg, the citizens of Duisburg were allowed to use the area as pastureland at the end of the 13th century. In 1549 a ferry was set up on the banks of the Rhine to the Essenberg opposite in today's Homberg district . Soon there was a need for shelter for vehicles and goods and for protection for the herds and fields, so that the first families settled in Neuenkamp in the 18th century after the Prussian government had permission to build.
At the end of the 18th century the Rhine flooded several times, which destroyed the first houses in the settlement. By 1820 the settlement grew to around 160 inhabitants. In Neuenkamp they suspected hard coal deposits, but mining turned out to be too difficult for the technology available at the time, which is why the mining of coal in the Java colliery , which had started in 1854, was stopped just 4 years later. At the beginning of the 20th century, coal mining continued here. From 1912 the Diergardt colliery worked in Neuenkamp , which was closed in 1963. This ended coal production in Duisburg south of the Ruhr.
On June 8, 1910, the Duisburg aviation pioneer Karl Strack tried his hand at his first powered flight with his self-made monoplane. He only reached the modest altitude of about 3 meters. Two years later he founded an airfield in Neuenkamp. From there he was able to circle the imperial monument in Duisburg at a height of 200 meters. The airfield was closed in 1957, as industrial and residential developments became more and more an obstacle to gliding.
The Moerser Grinden, a green area through Neuenkamp and Kaßlerfeld, stretch along the banks of the Rhine to the mouth of the Ruhr. There you can admire the work of art Rheinorange , which marks the merger of the two rivers.
Kaßlerfeld joins the A40 north of Neuenkamp on the other side. Until 1801, today's district belonged to the County of Moers on the other side of the Rhine, where the area was until the Rhine was shifted. The Treaty of Lunéville made the area part of the Prussian Duisburg that year. The name of the district is most likely derived from the Latin castellum , as the area belonged to the old Roman fort Asciburgium on the left bank of the Rhine .
The citizens of the city of Duisburg used Kaßlerfeld as well as Neuenkamp as a pasture area, as far as floods did not prevent this. The modern settlement of the Kassel field began in the 18th century . The residents were based on agriculture and shipping. The Dickelsbach , which flowed past the old city wall of Duisburg and flowed into the Ruhr, was converted into a harbor here at the end of the 18th century. Brickworks and shipyards were built and in 1824 Friedrich Wilhelm Curtius founded a sulfuric acid factory at the mouth of the Ruhr , which existed until 1912. In 1927, the Duisburg wholesale market was opened in the east of Kasslerfeld . It still exists today and is part of a large industrial park.
The Duisburg Inner Harbor is located south of the district . Kaßlerfeld is connected to Duisburg's old town via the Schwanentorbrücke , which was newly built in 1950 . The lift bridge consists of four square towers with counterweights and ropes, which serve to allow the platform of the bridge to be pulled up horizontally. In the Middle Ages, the swan gate in the Duisburg city wall led directly to the Rhine flowing by. The first bridge over the harbor was not built until 1841. It was a wooden drawbridge that was replaced by an electrically operated bascule bridge in 1904. The bombs of the Second World War completely destroyed this characteristic bridge for old Duisburg.
literature
- Hans-Georg Krume: Duisburg - The old city , Sutton Verlag Erfurt, ISBN 978-3-89702-026-9
- Contemporary witness exchange Duisburg ev: Alt-Duisburg , Sutton Verlag Erfurt, ISBN 978-3-95400-169-9
- Contemporary witness exchange Duisburg ev: Duisburg-Alte Gaststätten und Cafés , Sutton Verlag Erfurt, ISBN 978-3-86680-951-2
- Zeitzeugenbörse Duisburg eV: Duisburg in a hail of bombs , Sutton Verlag Erfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-95400-107-1 .
Web links
- District website
- District Office Middle
- Map of the borough at OpenStreetMap
- Streets in the Altstadt district , onlinestreet.de
- Streets in the district Dellviertel onlinestreet.de
- Streets in the district of Kaßlerfeld , onlinestreet.de
- Streets in the Neuenkamp district , onlinestreet.de
- Duisburg 1566 3D , Duisburg city center in the 16th century as animation
- http://www.im-hochfeld.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population statistics of the city of Duisburg from December 31, 2016 ( Memento from January 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 21 kB)
Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ' N , 6 ° 46' E
Aldenrade | Old town | Baerl | Beeck | Beeckerwerth | Bergheim | Bissingheim | Bruckhausen | Buchholz | Dellviertel | Duissern | Fahrn | Friemersheim | Großenbaum | Alt-Hamborn | Hochemmerich | High field | Hochheide | Homberg | Huckingen | Hüttenheim | Kasslerfeld | Laar | Marxloh | Meiderich | Mündelheim | Neudorf | Neuenkamp | Neumühl | Obermarxloh | Overbruch | Cream | Rheinhausen-Center | Röttgersbach | Ruhrort | Rumeln-Kaldenhausen | Ungelsheim | Old Walsum | Vierlinden | Wanheim-Angerhausen | Wanheimerort | Wedau | Wehofen