Diergardt colliery
| Diergardt colliery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1912 | ||
| End of operation | 1967 | ||
| Successor use | Commercial space | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 25 '9.5 " N , 6 ° 42' 35.1" E | ||
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| Location | Hochemmerich | ||
| local community | Duisburg | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Duisburg | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The bill Diergardt was a coal - mine in Duisburg (then Hochemmerich ).
history
After successful test drilling on August 8, 1855, the Diergardt mine field in the Rheinhausen peasantry with a field size of 31,979,898 m² was awarded on January 16, 1857 by the Prussian Ministry of Commerce . On June 23, 1874, the field was actually divided into three separate fields. These were Diergardt in Rheinhausen - Asterlagen (10,695,979 m²), Wilhelmine Mevissen in Bergheim-Oestrum (10,695,983 m²) and Fritz in Rumeln (10,695,936 m²).
Due to the technical development at the time and the known difficulties of sinking the shaft on the left Lower Rhine (see Rheinpreußen colliery ), the fields were not scorched for the time being.
On September 24, 1909, the Diergardt union was founded, owned by Friedrich Diergardt. This began on May 19, 1910 at Asterlager Straße with the sinking of shaft 1 (Carl Theodor). At the same time, a weather shaft was sunk 2 km north on Essenberger Strasse (later called shaft 2). For this purpose, the sink shaft method already used at the Rheinpreussen colliery was chosen. The sinking work went well despite the strong water inflows.
On March 2, 1911, the boreholes hit the first coal seam at a depth of 88.3 m . In June 1914 the final depth was reached and the filling locations began. In 1912 the Diergardt II trade union was awarded on the right bank of the Rhine in Duisburg- Kaßlerfeld , which immediately began to sink the Java shaft. This went into operation in 1915 and was subsequently named as the Diergardt 3 shaft (Franz Ott).
In March 1914, Diergardt 1 and Diergardt 3 broke through at a depth of 115 meters below the Rhine. This underground connection was used as an unofficial way to cross the Rhine after the First World War , at the time of the occupation of the Ruhr area by French troops. In 1924 a briquette factory was built and the first coal mining under the Rhine with strict safety requirements.
In 1927 the union of Diergardt merged with the neighboring union of the Wilhelmine Mevissen colliery to form Diergardt-Mevissen Bergbau-AG based in Rheinhausen-Hochemmerich . The two pits were continued as independent mining operations.
The loading point in Essenberg, which has existed since 1913 at river kilometer 778.1, has served as the Rhine port of Mevissen-Diergardt since 1928 for shipping the mined coal and was connected to the mine site by factory railway tracks. It was located on the border with the city of Homberg not far from the later motorway bridge over the Rhine and was operated by Mathias Stinnes AG . In the same year, a coal-fired power station was put into operation on the colliery site. On December 9, 1928, a fire in a blind shaft claimed 10 deaths.
The highest annual production was achieved in 1938 with a production volume of 1,619,156 t.
Towards the end of the Second World War , the underground connection between shafts 1 and 3 was used again as a transport link between the two sides of the Rhine, since the Rhine bridges had all been destroyed or made unusable by the Wehrmacht at the time . An attempt to detonate this breakthrough in 1945 failed. Shortly before the Allied troops captured Rheinhausen on March 4, 1945, the installation of the Franz Ott shaft was destroyed by German forces when an aerial bomb was detonated in the shaft.
After the end of the Second World War, the damage was repaired again in a short time and production could be resumed to a lesser extent. On 14 May 1951, the shaft 1 was damaged by fire and fell for several months promoting from. Shaft 3 took over the production for this time. There was one fatality.
1952 was the year with the greatest workforce: 5,810. In 1952 the mining company Diergardt-Mevissen was converted into a stock corporation and from then on was called Diergardt-Mevissen Bergbau AG. The main shareholder was Mathias Stinnes AG, which in 1956 merged its mining division into the hard coal mines Mathias Stinnes AG. In this joint-stock company, the Rheinhausen pits become the Diergardt-Mevissen colliery group. In 1957, the breakthrough was made underground with Wilhelmine Mevissen, as the combination of the two pits was planned for the long term.
Shutdown
A subsequent assessment of the deposits led Diergardt-Mevissen AG to decide to gradually abandon the Diergardt construction site. In 1963, shaft 3 was closed and filled . On October 31, 1967, Diergardt 1 and 2 were completely shut down, with the remaining stocks in the mine field being transferred to the Wilhelmine Mevissen mine . The Diergardt colliery together with Franz Ott had mined a total of 30.6 million tons of coal between 1910 and 1967.
Todays use
Some of the buildings in the Diergardt 1 mine can still be seen today. Most of the site was built in shopping centers from 1969 onwards, while small businesses can be found in administration and processing buildings. The shaft structure is missing. On May 8, 1982, the Diergardt Park with a size of 5 hectares was inaugurated on part of the site, the former plant nursery. In July 2004 he suffered considerable damage from a tornado over Rheinhausen, which in the meantime (2015) has been largely offset by reforestation.
The Business Park Niederrhein industrial park is now located on the Diergardt 2 site . Diergardt 3 mine is built over with residential buildings.
The port facilities were dismantled soon after the coal production stopped, so that only the quay wall with the arches remained. The harbor basin is now used as a repair yard.
literature
- Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old mines on the Ruhr. 6th expanded and updated edition, Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster KG, Königstein i. Taunus, 2006, ISBN 3784569943 .
- Wilhelm Hörning: When the pulleys were turning in Rheinhausen ; in: Yearbook of the districts of the city of Duisburg on the left bank of the Rhine (Ed. Freundeskreis lively Grafschaft) Duisburg, 1984, pp. 68 ff, ISSN 0931-2137
- Joachim Huske: The coal mines in the Ruhr area. 3rd edition, self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum, 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- Friedrich Albert Meyer: The land acquisition of industry in the Rheinhauser area. (= Series of publications of the city of Rheinhausen, Volume 3.) 1965.
- Friedrich Albert Meyer: From the Ruhr over the Rhine. Rheinhausen's heavy industry. (= Series of publications by the city of Rheinhausen, Volume 4.) 1966.
- Contemporary witness exchange Duisburg: Duisburg mines in historical photographs , Sutton Verlag Erfurt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-95400-747-9 .