Pit field

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As a mining claim is known in mining a space below the earth's surface in which a mining Authorized the minerals of the deposit may acquire. Today pit fields can have any shape and size. Pit fields that are used to explore mineral resources are called permit fields .

The different pit fields

According to the old mountain regulations, it was prescribed to divide pit fields into treasure troves and dimensions .

A distinction was made between the following field forms:

The striking field, also known as the stretched field, is a field that is only measured according to the length of the deposit. The width of the field is determined by the crossing .

The quartered field is measured at right angles, limited by two directions.

The soap field is also a quartered field, which, however, only extends to the thickness of the deposit to be mined on the surface. Any underlying mineral resources can to other mining claimant awarded are. As a rule, the award as a soap field also takes place at Raseneisenstein .

The cubic field is measured in three directions at right angles to one another.

When cleated field of mining is a by awarding studs or other söhlig driven workings approved by the prescribed height and width for an unlimited length.

With the exception of the tunnel field and the soap field, most of the shelf mines allowed those authorized to mine to build to the eternal depths .

Dimensions

The pit field dimensions were very different in the individual mining districts. In the Saxon mining industry, the dimensions of the pit field were limited to 3.5 Saxon laughers on both sides of the Ganges. The length was 42 laughs after being hit and dropped . In the Freiberg area, the treasure trove had a size of 7 fiefs along the length of the vein. A fiefdom was 49 square meters. According to the Freiberg mining law A, around 1300, 7 further fiefs were awarded to the treasure trove in the extension of the Ganges . With the Freiberg mining law B, around 1380, only a treasure trove was awarded without any further fiefs. From around 1500, further measurements were awarded in theoretically unlimited numbers after the treasure trove . According to the new Prussian mining law, pit fields were awarded that were the size of a treasure trove and additionally up to 1200 dimensions . In France, the mining law of April 21, 1810 no longer limited the size of the mine fields that could be rented.

Miner's Rights

The owner of the mine field had acquired extensive rights by granting the mine field according to the old mining regulations. He was allowed to build ore processing , tool sheds or mountain huts on the mine field . He was allowed to dump the overburden on the property and also fell the trees growing on the pit field and use them as pit wood . He was also allowed to graze cattle on the property for his own use. After the size of the pit fields was no longer restricted, the unrestricted right of use of the pit fields was changed to the effect that the use of the pit fields was only limited to carry out mining activities within the mine field below the surface of the earth. The rights of the miner with regard to the use of the mine field are now laid down in the mining laws. In the Federal Mining Act there is the term of mine ownership for this .

Levies

For the use of the mine field, the owner of the mine field must raise a fee. In medieval mining this was the so-called tithe . The levy varied from state to state. In the Saxon states, a mine field tax had to be paid from around the 19th century, the amount of which was based on the size of the mine field and the raw material extracted.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary . 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  2. ↑ a b c Adolf Arndt, Kuno Frankenstein (ed.): Handbook and textbook of political science in independent volumes . First Department of Economics XI. Volume, Mining and Mining Policy , Verlag von CL Hirschfeld, Leipzig 1894, pp. 43–45.
  3. ↑ a b Federal Mining Act (BBergG) . 1st edition, Outlook Verlag GmbH, Paderborn 1980, ISBN 978-3-95521-781-5 , p. 15.
  4. ^ Wilfried Liessmann: Historical mining in the Harz . 3rd edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence . Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  6. ↑ a b Ferdinand Gätzschmann: Collection of mining expressions . 2nd edition, Verlag von Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1881.
  7. ^ A b Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten, H. von Dechen: Outline of the German mining law doctrine with regard to the French mining legislation . Hande- and Spener'sche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1828, pp. 176–178.
  8. ^ Otto Freiherr von Hingenau: Handbuch der Beregrechtskunde. Published by Friedrich Manz, Vienna 1855, pp. 382–388.
  9. ↑ Moritz Ferdinand Gaetzschmann: Complete guide to the art of mining . First part, second edition, published by Arthur Felix, Leipzig 1866.
  10. ↑ Bergstadt Schneeberg: Mining terms (mine field below) (last accessed on January 20, 2016).
  11. ↑ Explanatory dictionary of technical terms and foreign words used in mining, metallurgy and salt works . Falkenberg'schen Buchhandlung publishing house, Burgsteinfurt 1869.
  12. ↑ On the development of mining law in the western part of the Prussian state and the district of Moers (accessed on April 27, 2015).
  13. ^ Michael Ziegenbalg: From Markscheidekunst to the art of the Markscheider. (PDF; 689 kB) (accessed April 27, 2015).
  14. ^ Georg Ernst Otto: Studies in the field of mining law . Published by JG Engelhardt, Freiberg 1856.