Septum

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Separating bench in the Alte Elisabeth mine
Scheidebank in an illustration from 1896

A sheath Bank , also sheath table , or Kuttbank called, is a strong wooden panel, which in the vagina bar was placed. It was used in mining to manually separate ore and waste rock . In order to minimize the cost of transporting the extracted raw ore, the rough separation process of the ores from the accompanying minerals was carried out close to the mine.

Structure and location

The cutting bank was located near the shaft or the tunnel mouth hole . It was housed in the separation room , in the basement of the hat house or in the breakout room. It was mounted along the window wall, 3.5 inches from the wall. This was necessary so that the septum was better illuminated with natural light. Two cubits from the floor, a beam called the chest tree was placed on pillars. This beam was square and between six and eight inches thick. The beam extended the entire length of the septum. Another equally long and equally thick beam was mounted directly on the floor about 1.5 inches from the wall. The space between the two beams was closed with a board wall. In front of the chest tree, the so-called seat tree, which served as a seat for the separators, was mounted at a distance of one cubit. The space between the chest tree and the floor beam was laid out with boards, which were lined with a layer of clay. On top of this was the diaphragm, a square four to six inches thick and nine to twelve inches wide prism made of cast iron. But there were also dividing plates made of solid rock. The individual cutting plates were placed in the center of the cutting bench at intervals of three to four feet . The remaining space was used for the debris to be separated. The parting bank was divided into individual sections, the parting words. A free space was left between the individual workstations so that direct access to the cutting table was possible. This division created between 20 and 30 jobs per cutting bench. At each place of separation, also known as the place of separation, a clerk did the work while sitting. But it was also possible for two workers to work at one place of separation, such places of separation were called double places.

The workers and their tough ones

The chopping work, as the sorting of the raw ore was called depending on the degree of adhesion, was often done by children (“ sheath boys ”) aged 7 years and older. The divorce boys were instructed by elderly mountain invalids who were no longer physically able to do pit work. In some mines, the sorting of ores was also done by women. The care and honesty of the separation workers was strictly controlled by a separation equipment .

The tough consisted of the scabbard, also known as the knocking blow, and the cutting hammer. The cutting hammers were of different shapes and sizes. There were cutting hammers that looked like a very small mallet . Sometimes they were provided with two cutting edges, occasionally with a point and a cutting edge. Other cutting hammers had a point and a track, others had a cutting edge and a track. There were also different types of vaginal hammers, in total there were three different vaginal hammers. In the past, chunks of very tough rock of different sizes were used as a cutting plate. These were, for example, rocks made of quartz , green stone , hornblende stone or solid porphyry . Later, large cast iron plates were used as dividing plates.

The work process

Separating bank of the Freiberg mine Alte Elisabeth around 1900.

The main purpose of cutting is to separate the dead rock from the ore. For this purpose, after the ores had been extracted from the ore mine, they were subjected to a sometimes very complex processing process; the separating bank was part of this process. In the breakout room, the large chunks were chopped up and separated according to gangue and ore on the separating bench. In order to separate the ore from the dead rock, the debris was then placed on the cutting bench on a cut stone, as the cutting plate was also called, and smashed with a large hammer. The miners called this work squeezing . Then the ores were separated more precisely on the Klaubetafel. Sometimes the ores also had to be separated ( classified ) according to grain size . The different ore types were then separated according to mineral types in a sorting process. The sorted ores were placed in prepared, woven baskets. By separating, the ore content of the useful component could be enriched to higher ore proportions, which was very important for the subsequent processing process.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Explanatory dictionary of the technical terms and foreign words that occur in the mining industry, in metallurgy and in salt works, and technical art expressions that occur in salt works. Falkenberg'schen Buchhandlung publishing house, Burgsteinfurt 1869.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h P. Ritter von Rittinger: Textbook of the processing customer. Verlag von Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1867, pp. 11–15
  3. ↑ a b c d e sheaths . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 15 . Altenburg 1862, p. 118 ( zeno.org ). .
  4. ↑ a b CAG Hoffmann (Ed.): New mining journal. Third volume, Verlag der Erazische Buchhandlung, Freyberg 1802, pp. 377-380.
  5. ↑ a b c Franz Ludwig Canerinus: Instructions for the art of cutting or processing minerals. Andreean Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1782, pp. 14–24.
  6. ↑ a b c d e Friedrich Jakob Richter: The art of mining, after Abraham Gottlob Werner's lectures, in the Königl. Saxon. Bergakademie in Freiberg. Arnoldische Buchhandlung, Dresden 1823, pp. 309–311.
  7. ↑ mountain town of Schneeberg The Taggebäude ( Memento of 14 January 2015, Internet Archive ) (accessed on 18 January 2016).
  8. ↑ a b c d e Christian Ernst Stifft: An attempt at a guide to the processing of ores. bey Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg and Cassel 1818, pp. 55–61.
  9. ↑ a b c d e Adolph Lefoinne, August Gillon (ed.), Carl Hartmann: Lectures on general metallurgy held at the Berg- und Gewerbsschule zu Liège. Published by Wolfgang Gerhard, Leipzig 1860, pp. 23–26.
  10. ^ Moritz Ferdinand Gätzschmann: Collection of mining expressions. Craz & Gerlach Publishing House, Freiberg 1859.
  11. ^ Johann Christoph Stößel, Johann David Stößel: New and well-established mineral and mining lexicon. Minerophilo Freibergensis, Chemnitz 1743.
  12. ^ A b c d Carl von Scheuchenstuel : IDIOTICON of the Austrian mountain and hut language. kk court bookseller Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1856.
  13. ↑ HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts: The pigment cinnabar (last accessed on October 8, 2012; PDF; 500 kB).
  14. ↑ Memories of Freiberg's mining. at JG Engelhardt, Freiberg 1839, pp. 49-50.
  15. ^ A b Carl Hartmann: Concise dictionary of mineralogy, mining, metallurgy and salt works. Second section L to Z, printed and published by Bernhard Friedrich Voigt, Ilmenau 1825.
  16. ↑ a b Georg Agricola: Twelve books on mining and metallurgy. In the VDI-Verlag GmbH commission, Berlin, pp. 231–234.
  17. ↑ Moritz Ferdinand Gaetzschmann: The preparation. First volume, published by Arthur Felix, Leipzig 1864, pp. 75–87.

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