Maaß (mining)

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As Maaß or Maaßen (formerly also written measure , measure , Maass or Maasse ) are or were defined in mining certain pit fields of a fixed size or parts thereof. In Austria, the size of a pit denotes an area of ​​48,000 m², which, together with other pit dimensions or overshoots, forms a pit field. Until the second half of the 19th century, in most Central European mountain areas, the mostly somewhat smaller mine fields adjacent to a treasure trove were referred to as dimensions. With the introduction of the General Mining Act for the Prussian States and the mining laws based on it, treasure troves and measurements for most German mining areas were abolished.

Notation

Since the introduction of a uniform German spelling in 1901, Maß has also been written in the scientific literature of the disciplines involved, such as mining history, monument preservation and legal history, in terms of mining law. From the 16th to the 19th century different spellings were in use, including Maß, Maaß or Maas. In the Saxon Ore Mountains in particular, the spelling “Maaß” has been preserved in some mine names to this day.

Basics

The acquisition of mine property takes place by means of speculation and lending , whereby the mine property is restricted to the respective mine field and is therefore spatially limited.

Historical

The size of a treasure trove, which was given to the first mother of a deposit, is already recorded in Freiberg Bergrecht A, around 1300, and in Iglauer Bergrecht, written around 1240, with a length of 7 fiefs. Both mining rights are the basis of all European mountain regulations. All other pit fields lent on the same deposit were smaller than the treasure trove. From the beginning of the 16th century, the term Maaßen appears for these mine fields in the mountain regulations. These measurements could also be taken from the owner of the treasure trove or - if he was not interested - from anyone else. A field with a size of two measures was called a double measure.

The dimensions above the treasure trove were called the upper dimensions, upper dimensions or also upper dimensions. The dimensions below the treasure trove were referred to as the lower dimensions, lower dimensions or undersize. Dimensions were always measured from the end of the treasure trove, this measurement of the dimensions from the perforated stones of the treasure trove was called "stop measuring". The measurements had to, so they do not return to the mountain free fall, with at least one Hauer be occupied during normal operation. This process was called “building the dimensions”, the operational verification of the dimensions was called “demonstrating the dimensions”. A newly muted measure could only be measured if this measure did not touch a field that was already enfeoffed. This was called "bringing in the dimensions".

Dimensions

The dimensions of the dimensions were quite different in the individual mining districts. In the Freiberg mining area, the length of a measure was 60  pokers . In the Upper Saxon Mountains, the length was 42 puddles, the width was 14 puddles. In the case of corridors , measurements were made only lengthways; in the case of seam-like deposits and floors, the deposit was quartered . According to the newer Saxon mountain order, there was only this unit of measurement. The unit of measurement for lawn iron stone was 100,000 square pounds, for a soapfield 10,000 square pounds, and for all other deposits 1000 square pounds. In the case of Lawn Iron Stone and Soap Fields, however, the award did not last forever . In the Harz mining industry, one dimension corresponded to a length of 28 puddles. According to the general Austrian mining law of May 23, 1854, one pit size corresponded to a rectangular area with an area of ​​12,544 square fathoms . Since, according to the Austrian mining law, a pit size had to be a body space, the granting of the pit size usually extended to eternal depth.

Current regulations

According to the 36th Austrian Mineral Resources Act of 1999, a pit size is a space that is not limited in depth. The area of ​​this room forms a flat rectangle with an area of ​​48,000 square meters (4.8  hectares ). The short sides of the rectangle must not be less than 120 meters. In Germany dimensions are no longer used as units of measurement for pit field sizes according to the Federal Mining Act.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mihatsch Arnold (Ed.): Mineralrohstoffgesetz (MinroG). 3rd edition, Manz Verlag, Austria 2007, ISBN 978-3-214-10089-6 .
  2. ^ Laube, Silberbergbau, 1974, p. 95 u. 100; Henschke, Bergbauwirtschaft, 1973, pp. 36, 86 u. a .; Bartels, Montangewerbe, 1992, p. 63 f.
  3. ↑ Wagenbreth et al., Bergbau im Erzgebirge, p. 32
  4. ↑ Willecke, Berggesetzgebung, 1977, p. 61
  5. ^ Roessler: Speculum-Metallurgiae-Politissimum, 1700, register; Adelung, Johann Christoph: Grammatical-critical dictionary of the High German dialect (1811)
  6. ^ Roessler: Speculum-Metallurgiae-Politissimum, 1700 page 29
  7. ↑ Joachimstaler Bergordnung from 1548, z. B. Part 2, Art. 28; Saxon mountain order from 1554, e.g. B. Art 29 u. 32; Pfalz-Zweibrückische Bergordnung from 1565, z. B. Art. 31 u. 32
  8. ^ Document book of the city of Freiberg in Saxony 2nd volume (accessed on June 15, 2018)
  9. ↑ Willecke, Berggesetzgebung, p. 60 f.
  10. ^ Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  11. ^ Carl Friedrich Richter: Latest mountain and hut lexicon. Second volume, Kleefeldsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1805.
  12. ↑ Mining dictionary . Bey Johann Christoph Stößel, Chemnitz 1778.
  13. ^ Moritz Ferdinand Gätzschmann: Collection of mining expressions. 2nd edition, Verlag von Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1881.
  14. ^ Wilfried Liessmann: Historical mining in the Harz. 3rd edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 .
  15. ↑ Carl von Scheuchenstuel: IDIOTICON the Austrian mining and metallurgy language. kk court bookseller Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1856.
  16. ^ Gustav von Gränzstein: The general Austrian mining law of May 23, 1854. Verlag von Friedrich Manz, Vienna 1855.
  17. ^ Kurt Reindl: VL economic areas of mining and minerals. Johannes Kepler University Linz. Online (PDF; 213 kB) (last accessed on February 26, 2015).
  18. ↑ Federal Mining Act of August 13, 1980 Online (PDF; 308 kB) (last accessed on February 26, 2015).

Remarks

  1. ↑ The feud in the early mining was a square measure, which the dimension seven Lachter had length and width seven Lachter. (Source: Heinrich Veith: German Mountain Dictionary with evidence .)