Square
In mining, a square or square is a limited, rectangular field that is measured in two directions. As a rule, square fields are measured, but sometimes square fields are also measured. After the award , the mother is allowed to mine the minerals for which he has received the approval in the award certificate in the square field .
Basics
The quarter field is delimited on the earth's surface at the point where a deposit has been proven. An area of a certain, legally prescribed size is determined in terms of length and width. Through the delimiting lines of the surface, imaginary lines are drawn in a vertical direction, which are either delimited by planes or extend into the eternal depth . These lines go through the lying of the deposit to the border of the crossing . Since August 13, 1980, square fields have been awarded under the Federal Mining Act. According to this law, square fields are awarded down to eternal depth and basically have vertical levels.
formalities
The surveying of the quarter field was initially carried out by the mountain foreman and later by the mark separator . When measuring the quarter field, the discovery shaft was set as the central focus of the quarter field in early mining. Starting from this center, half of the quarter length to the right and half of the length to the left were measured. The width was measured in the same way. After measuring the square, a boundary stone, the so-called perforated stone , was set. The name of the pit and the year were carved into this perforated stone.
Dimensions
The dimensions of the individual square fields varied depending on the mining region and decade. They also depended on which natural resource was extracted.
In the Middle Ages and in the early modern times, a square had the dimensions 7 laughers by 7 laughers and was also referred to as a fiefdom. Two fiefs were called double fiefs or weir.
In the 19th century, according to French mining law, there was no maximum size for pit fields and there were also differences in the dimensioning of square fields in Germany.
According to the mining law of July 1, 1821, the size of a square was determined as follows:
A treasure trove , so 28 laughs by 28 laughs plus 1,200 dimensions, in total a maximum of 235,984 laughs 2 (square laughs ). This corresponds to 1,033,138 m 2 .
In connection with the law on shelf mining of 1851, some mining regions were forced to expand the field sizes for economic reasons. This was particularly necessary due to the increasing industrial mining, which displaced the ore mining. In Saxony, a square had a size of 1,000 laughers 2 , which corresponds to around 4,000 m 2 .
According to the General Mining Act of June 24, 1865, a square field was also referred to as a maximum field and had an area of 500,000 laughers 2 , this corresponds to 2,189,069 m 2 .
According to the amendment to the Mining Act of June 18, 1907, a square had an area of 2,200,000 m 2 and was referred to as a normal field .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Moritz Ferdinand Gaetzschmann: Collection by mining terms . Craz & Gerlach Publishing House, Freiberg 1859.
- ^ Rudolf Klostermann: Textbook of the Prussian mining law with consideration of the other German mining rights. Published by J. Guttentag, Berlin 1871.
- ^ Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence . Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
- ↑ Federal Mining Act of August 13, 1980 Online (PDF; 308 kB).
- ^ Carl Friedrich Richter: Latest mountain and hut lexicon. First volume, Kleefeldsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1805.
- ^ Georg Agricola: Twelve books on mining and metallurgy. In commission VDI-Verlag GmbH, Berlin.
- ^ Report on the third general meeting of miners and smelters in Mährisch-Ostrau . Verlag LC Lamarski & C. Dittmarsch, Vienna 1864.
- ↑ Frank Reichert: On the history of the determination and identification of. Property and power limits in Saxony. (Diploma thesis) Online (PDF; 2.1 MB).
- ↑ Joachim Huske : The coal mine in the Ruhr area. 3rd edition, self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .