Friemersheim (Duisburg)

Friemersheim District of Duisburg
map
Basic data
Coordinates :	51 ° 23 '19 "  N , 6 ° 42' 23"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 23 '19 "  N , 6 ° 42' 23"  E
Height :	30  m above sea level NN
Area :	12.1  km²
Postal code :	47229
Area code :	02065
population
Residents :	12,386 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Population density :	1025 inhabitants / km²
Proportion of foreigners :	16.1% (1995)
Residential building :	2304
Apartments :	6590
structure
District :	Rheinhausen
District number:	604

Friemersheimer Mühle from 1871

Gate 1 of the former Rheinhausen iron and steel works

Seal of the community cash register Friemersheim

Friemersheim village: church square with Protestant village church

Dahlingstrasse, Friemersheim-Dorf

Kaiserstraße in Friemersheim, around 1915 (with rails on tram line 2)

Old village tavern

Kruppsee

Kronprinzenstrasse with St. Josef

Official housing estate Bliersheim

St. Laurentius, railway settlement

Hohenbudberg water tower, view from the Rheinaue

Friemersheim is a district of Duisburg in the Rheinhausen district . The district has 12,386 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016).

history

Early history and the Middle Ages

Friemersheim is one of the oldest settlements in the former county of Moers . Grave finds from the 6./7. Century in the Rheingoldstrasse area. Theses according to which Charlemagne held a Reichstag here go back to a document that is now considered a forgery. The first genuine, not forged document is from May 11th, 898. In this document, King Zwentibold of the Werden Abbey confirms the donation of the Friemersheim estate , which was probably made between 809 and 814.

Over time, a local noble family, the nobles of Vrymersheim , succeeded in taking over local rule as a fief of the Werden people. In a document from 1315, the abbot and the convent of Werden agreed with "Ritter Wilhelm von Friemersheim" that the Friemersheim Castle and the property belonging to it were owned equally by Werden and Wilhelm von Friemersheim. In 1366 the knight Bovo von Friemersheim pledged the "Glory Friemersheim" to Johann von Moers . Since the pledge was not redeemed, the abbot of Werden gave the glory in 1385 as a fief to the Counts of Moers. After the additional purchase of land by the Counts of Moers, the “Herrlichkeit Friemersheim” became part of the County of Moers in 1392 .

With the Thirty Years' War the inhabitants of the Rheinhauser predecessor parishes became Protestant, whereby not the Lutheran , but the Calvinist-Protestant religion had priority. Heinrich Bommel became pastor in Friemersheim in 1560 and introduced the Reformation there in 1561 on the orders of the sovereign .

18th and 19th centuries

Friemersheim belonged to the County of Moers until 1707 , then to the Principality of Moers until the French conquered the entire left Lower Rhine at the end of 1794 . In the French Département de la Roer , the village was from 1798/1801 to 1814 in the Arrondissement de Crévelt (Krefeld) a village in the canton of Uerdingen . Under the Prussians from 1815 the mayor's office Friemersheim was formed in the Krefeld district. In addition to Friemersheim, the Protestant villages of Bliersheim , Op de Geist, Rumeln with the hamlets of Hochfeld and Sittard, as well as the purely Catholic villages of Kaldenhausen and Hohenbudberg, belonged to the then "Sammtgemeinde Friemersheim" . In 1823 the Rheinberg district was dissolved and incorporated into the Geldern district. The parish of Friemersheim with four villages remained in the Krefeld district and, in contrast to the larger northern part of the “Herrlichkeit Friemersheim” with 14 villages, was not assigned to the Geldern district. After another restructuring, the district of Moers was detached from the district of Geldern in 1857 , to which the parish of Friemersheim belonged until its dissolution at the end of 1974.

Friemersheim remained structured in a rural way until the end of the 19th century and only grew very slowly. In Rheinhauser coat of arms , the coat of arms of the former is baronial sex of Vrymersheim included. The pail from the Hochemmerich church seal was placed in the lion's paws.

20th century

The arrival of thousands of people after the construction of the Krupp ironworks around 1900 changed not only the traditional way of life, but also the landscape. A new residential and business center was built northeast of the grown village center between Kaiserstraße and Kronprinzenstraße. This includes the Viktoriapark, which was laid out at the beginning of the 20th century and named after Auguste Viktoria , in which there was a Kaiser Wilhelm monument from 1905 . The Sparkasse Friemersheim was founded in 1902, the Voluntary Fire Brigade Friemersheim in 1903 , and in 1919 the Friemersheim savings and construction association.

During the occupation of the Rhineland , a serious railway accident occurred in the district on March 17, 1923 when a locomotive collided with a military train on the Duisburg-Ruhrort-Mönchengladbach railway line . 40 people died and a large number were injured. During the occupation of the Rhineland, the line was run by French field railroaders.

The community of Friemersheim was merged with Hochemmerich on April 6, 1923 to form the new community of Rheinhausen . At the same time, the two mayorships of Friemersheim and Hochemmerich were merged to form the mayor's office of Rheinhausen , which, in addition to the municipality of Rheinhausen, included the municipalities of Hohenbudberg-Kaldenhausen and Rumeln , and from January 1, 1928, referred to as "Amt Rheinhausen".

The municipality of Rheinhausen was granted city rights on July 1, 1934 . The city of Rheinhausen developed in the Moers district, created in 1857, into the strongest economic force with around 70,000 inhabitants. With the municipal reorganization carried out on January 1, 1975 , Rheinhausen became part of the mining town of Duisburg . As a result, Rheinhausen lost its economic radiance - also in the wake of the decline of the iron and steel works.

A period of commercial decline began in the 1980s. Production in the rolling mill first ended at the end of 1982 ; the steelworks as a whole was closed in 1993. In 1986 the Hohenbudberg marshalling yard was decommissioned and in the same year the history of the Rheingold brewery , which had existed since 1823, ended on the street of the same name; In addition to the Altbier Rheingold Alt, a pilsner was also brewed there and at times the Rheintreue table water was produced.

In recent years, the west of Duisburg with Rheinhausen and Rumeln-Kaldenhausen has become one of the few growing parts of Duisburg, as numerous new building areas have emerged on the periphery. In Friemersheim this trend was countered by the largely closed development. In the meantime , new commercial areas have been designated on the former iron and steel works site and the former Hohenbudberg marshalling yard (near the former railway settlement).

Districts

Friemersheim village

From today's perspective, it is thanks to the fortunate circumstances that the “Friemersheim village” , which is part of the monument statute, was largely preserved and was able to preserve its character. These include primarily the Protestant village church (since the Reformation ) (documented back to the year 1147) and the old teachers' house from 1800, which is now home to a local museum run by the Friends of the Living County. The former village tavern is close by . Stately old farmhouses, valuable trees and the nearby, nature-protected Rheinaue with kilometers of well-tended bike and hiking trails make Friemersheim a popular leisure and recreation area today

In 1979 the floodplain along the Rhine was designated as a nature reserve Rheinaue Friemersheim . Today it extends from the Rheinhauser Hafen in the north to the city limits of Krefeld in the south and includes the old Rhine arm "De Roos" and the Werthschenhof .

When the occupancy of the old cemetery on Dahlingstrasse in the village of Friersheim became apparent, the mayor's office of Friemersheim decided in 1904 to create another burial site on Ackerstrasse. After the purchase of suitable land on Friedhofallee and its preparation, the inauguration took place in 1907. The cemetery chapel was also completed at the same time. It was not until 1949 that the reconstruction of the chapel, which had been destroyed in the war, could begin. It was not rebuilt in its old condition, but made much more impressive. In 2009 the old former cemetery in Dahlingstrasse was completely renovated with funds from the economic stimulus package II.

Friemersheim Center

The above The business center of Friemersheim consists of the square around the Friemersheim market square, the Kaiserstraße with many shops including the former mayor's office, the Kronprinzenstraße with the Catholic Church, which was inaugurated in 1907. St. Joseph Church (with kindergarten and children's home), Viktoriaplatz, Walther-Rathenau-Platz and Windmühlenstraße, where the Rheinhausen train station is located. Adjacent to the west is the Kruppsee, which emerged from an old quarry pond (with outdoor swimming pool) and the communal cemetery on Friedhofsallee.

Bliersheim

The former community of Bliersheim, which in 1910 still had 2,135 inhabitants, had to give way for the most part to the Friedrich-Krupp-Hüttenwerke at the beginning of the last century . Away from the workers' settlements, but in the immediate vicinity of the plant, the cast steel factory of Friedrich Krupp AG set up a so-called official colony . The houses in the estate were built in the cottage style by the Essen architect Robert Schmohl . In the middle of the park-like facility, built in 1903, you can reach the director's house with the coach house and a carriage shed via a ring road . Around the ring and on the access roads are grouped the generously equipped villas of the operations managers and their assistants with seven to eight rooms, of which no two properties are alike. The masters' houses with five to seven rooms are a little off the beaten track on Gaterweg. At the same time the "Kruppsche Casino" was built, which served as a restaurant for executives and for entertaining guests. The municipality of Bliersheim was incorporated into the municipality of Friemersheim in 1920.

Railroad settlement

In the south-west of Friemersheim lies the listed railway settlement , built in 1912/13 according to plans by the architecture firm Schreiterer & Below with the 35 meter high Hohenbudberg double water tower . It was used to supply steam locomotives at the Hohenbudberg marshalling yard and the railway settlement and was built in 1915/16 by the architects Gebrüder Rank from Munich . The district came to Rheinhausen in 1927. The area of ​​the former Hohenbudberg marshalling yard, which was demolished in 1986 and was one of the largest in Europe, is partially being redesigned into an approximately 35 hectare industrial park and the "Niederrhein Therapy Center Duisburg", a forensic clinic for addiction treatment of patients as part of the Section 64 of the Criminal Code. The official opening (key handover) was on September 24, 2009. The first patients moved in in January 2010. In the gastronomic area, there is still a restaurant in the eastern part of the site in the Hohenbudberg industrial area, after a disco has been abandoned several times.

Mühlenberg

Mourning hall in the central cemetery

Mühlenberg is in the west of Friemersheim; the center of the district is around the intersection of Hohenbudberger Straße, Rumelner Straße / Am Mühlenberg. In the south, on the border with Krefeld-Uerdingen , is the central cemetery .

The central burial site of the then city of Rheinhausen, laid out in the mid-1960s, was built on Hohenbudberger Strasse, although initially only part of the site was prepared for cemetery purposes. Until it was demolished in 1969, a temporary structure was used as the cemetery chapel, which was replaced by a new, spacious building complex. Since 1990 there has been the possibility of anonymous burial on a burial field, which is arranged around a black obelisk . In the mid-1990s, a Muslim burial ground was laid out in the Mühlenberg cemetery for the western burial area .

traffic

Local public transport in the Friemersheim district is operated by the Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft (DVG). Some of the lines are operated in joint traffic with NIAG Niederrheinische Verkehrsbetriebe . Friemersheim through the bus lines 914, 923 and of the Krefeld Verkehrsgesellschaft (run SWK mobile operated) line 927 and the station Rheinhausen holding regional train lines RB31 , RB33 and the regional express RE11.

Dialect and colloquial language

Friemersheim is (like the other districts of Rheinhausen) in the Lower Franconian dialect north of the so-called Uerdinger line , which stretches from the Rhine via Kempen to Venlo . This dialect line (also called ek-ech border) delimits the southern Lower Franconian (which is spoken in Uerdingen and Krefeld , for example , with the pronunciation of "esch" for the personal pronoun "I") from the northern Lower Franconian Platt, which is in the Krefeld district Hüls (see Hölsch Plott ) begins and is spoken (or was) in different variants throughout the northern Lower Rhine - with the pronunciation of "ek" instead of "I" ("ek bön enen Friemershe-imsche").

The Rheinhausen dialects are influenced by the Moers “Grafschafter Platt”, but differ from one another in the individual districts: Hochemmericher, Bergheimer and Friemersheimer Plattsprecher can recognize each other's origins by their tone of voice - even between the dialects of Rumeln and Kaldenhausen (which is already in the direction of “Oedingsch Flat) there are differences.

However, the dialect is rapidly disappearing and is hardly understood by the younger generation. Instead, a “new” colloquial language prevails, the so-called “Lower Rhine German”, called “Regiolekt” by linguists. Although it is based on Standard German, it has special characteristics due to the inclusion of expressions from immigrants or words of youth language. The miner's language has also left its mark on everyday language. Many know the saying of: "..da hate abber Futtsack off" (the term. Futtsack indicates that something "went wrong" It comes from the time when still working pit pony underground that in. Difficult conditions with have been immobilized in the feed bag .)

literature

• Eßer, Aleta / de Jong, Klaus:
  • Rheinhausen in old pictures, Volume 1.1978, ISBN 3-88265-020-6
  • Rheinhausen in old pictures, Volume 2, (1980?)
• Gey, Michael / de Jong, Klaus: Rheinhausen in old pictures, Volume 3, 1984, ISBN 3-88265-118-0
• Lisken, Rudolf:
  • Rheinhausen in old views; Zaltbommel (NL), 1994, ISBN 90-288-5898-9
  • My hometown Rheinhausen in pictures, then and now (Volumes 1 and 2)
• Meyer, Friedrich Albert:
  • Rheinhausen am Niederrhein in the process of historical development; A house and handbook for the Rheinhauser area; Series of publications by the city of Rheinhausen, Volume 1, 1956
  • The land acquisition of industry in the Rheinhauser area; Series of publications by the city of Rheinhausen, Volume 3, 1965
  • From the Ruhr over the Rhine. Rheinhausen's heavy industry series of publications by the city of Rheinhausen, Volume 4, 1966
• Wislinghoff, Erich: The area of ​​Friemersheim, Rheinhausen 1961
• Gert v. Klaas: Steel from the Rhine - The history of the Rheinhausen ironworks, Archive for Economics, Darmstadt 1957
• ZeitZeugenBörse Duisburg eV: Rheinhausen , Sutton Verlag Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-152-1

See also: Hütten- und Bergwerke Rheinhausen

Web links

Commons : Duisburg-Friemersheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Friemersheim on the Internet
• Circle of Friends Lively County
• History of the Rheinhausen train station in Friemersheim
• History of the parish of St. Joseph
• Design guide of the city of Duisburg for the railway settlement (PDF)
• Street directory of the district Friemersheim (onlinestreet)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population statistics of the city of Duisburg from December 31, 2016 (PDF; 21 kB)
2. ^ Frank Siegmund: Merovingian time on the Lower Rhine . Rhenish excavations 34. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1989, pp. 293–295.
3. ↑ Erich Wisplinghoff: The room of Friemersheim. Series of publications by the city of Rheinhausen 2. Rheinhausen 1961.
4. ↑ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 147 , 1853, part 3, 1301–1400, p. [129] 109. Online version
5. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, Geschichte von Frühzeit bis Gegenwart , Böhlau Verlag Cologne, 2000, Volume 1. ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , pp. 71–73.
6. ^ Description of the administrative district of Düsseldorf according to its scope, its administrative division and population , Stahl, 1817, p. [125] 117. Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf
7. ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn (Ed.): Statistics and Topography of the Government District Düsseldorf, First Part, Düsseldorf 1836, p. 53
8. ^ Hans Joachim Ritzau: Railway disasters in Germany. Splinters of German history . Vol. 1: Landsberg-Pürgen 1979, p. 84.
9. ↑ Official Gazette for the Düsseldorf administrative region 1923, p. 159
10. ^ Official journal for the administrative district of Düsseldorf 1923, p. 299
11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 291 .
12. ↑ Municipal directory 1910, district of Moers
13. ↑ Bliersheim villa colony ( Memento of the original from May 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
14. ^ Official journal for the administrative district of Düsseldorf 1920, p. 240
15. ↑ Sabine Simon: Schreiterer & Below. A Cologne architecture office between historicism and modernity. Verlag Mainz, Aachen 1999, ISBN 3-89653-475-0 , pp. 381-383 (also dissertation RWTH Aachen 1998).
16. ↑ Hohenbudberg water tower ( Memento of the original from July 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ Wolfgang Klee, U. Gerke: On the border between Krefeld and Duisburg, the Hohenbudberg marshalling yard, the most important freight train formation facility on the left Lower Rhine, was built from 1905 to the end of the 1920s ; a double-track main line provided a connection to the Oberhausen junction . The steep decline began in the eighties. In: Eisenbahngeschichte, No. 15, April / May 2006, pp. 22–31.
18. ↑ Niederrhein Therapy Center Duisburg gGmbH / NTZ
19. ^ Rheinhausen mining terms. Archived from the original on January 2, 2011 ; accessed on January 1, 2013 .