Schreiterer & Below

Schreiterer & Below was a German architecture firm founded in the early 1890s by Emil Schreiterer (1852–1923) and Bernhard Below (1854–1931) and existed until the late 1920s. It was based in Cologne , which, along with the rest of the Rhine Province, was a focus of the office's activities. Due to its extensive and wide-ranging work, it can be considered one of the most important architecture firms in the German Empire .

history

Bernhard Below, self-portrait (1888)

Wilhelm Emil Schreiterer (born January 26, 1852 in Reichenbach im Vogtland ; † October 7, 1923 in Cologne-Lindenthal ) had a joint office with the architect Ludwig (called Louis) Schreiber in Cologne from 1884 to 1891 before the Schreiterer & Below partnership was established led, Bernhard Traugott Below (born September 23, 1854 in Posen ; † October 26, 1931 in Cologne) worked as a government architect in the civil service and also lived in Cologne. The architecture office Schreiterer & Below set up its headquarters at Werderstrasse 10 (district Neustadt-Nord ). In 1898 the company moved to the ground floor of the Göbenstrasse 3 house, not far from the old location. In the early days, the office still carried out a number of Schreiterer's designs from the time before his partnership with Below. The focus of the work of the architecture office was, without any special professional specialization, in residential and commercial buildings as well as residential buildings for the upper middle class in Cologne and other parts of the Prussian Rhine province . Right from the start, it also included public and sacred buildings, and after 1900 it expanded to include banks . In 1905 a first volume of works was published by the architecture office, and in 1906 a selection was presented at an exhibition of the Association of German Architects in Gürzenich .

When the order book was high - before and after a reduction in construction activity due to the First World War - up to ten employees were employed in the office, including two architects, two structural engineers , one or two site managers , an accountant, one or two draftsmen, a secretary and volunteers . The architects who temporarily worked in the office included Albert Passauer (1879–1970) and, as a craftsman, Ludwig Paffendorf . Around 1914 the office published a second volume of works with executed and non-executed drafts. At the beginning of 1919, long-time employee Albert Passauer joined the office as the third partner, and a few years later Schreiterer's son Gottfried (1888–1945) too. He took the place of his father even before he died in 1923. After the end of the First World War, the office's activities were limited to upscale residential buildings and declined significantly after 1924. A third and final volume of works was published in 1927. Due to Passauer's departure in 1927, Bernhard Below's retirement due to old age and Gottfried Schreiterer's sickness-related retirement, the architectural office dissolved by 1929 at the latest.

The Cologne synagogue (1895–1899), the villa colony Weiden (1905–1914) and the spa and clinic facilities in Bad Neuenahr and Ahrweiler (1894–1906) are among the most important projects of the office . In the context of architecture competitions , for example, the office's designs for the second Rhine bridge (1910) in Cologne and the Wiesbaden Museum (1908) were awarded prizes. Schreiterer and Below created a youth hall for the “Niederrheinische Dorf” laid out by Georg Metzendorf at the Cologne Werkbund exhibition in 1914, which has been in Essen since 1915 ( youth hall Schonnebeck ). A large part of the buildings in Cologne designed according to the office's plans fell victim to the Second World War .

“The scope [of] the work [by Schreiterer & Below] is large. If you consider that almost all of their designs had to be worked through in great detail because of the often complex stone carving work, which also applied to the interior fittings - stucco, pictures, furniture - of the residential and commercial buildings, the performance of the office can be estimated highly. "

- Sabine Simon : Schreiterer & Below. A Cologne architecture office between historicism and modernity. 1999, p. 19.

In recognition of the services, the Emil-Schreiterer-Platz was inaugurated in Cologne-Weiden in 1975 .

Catalog raisonné

Buildings in Cologne

construction time	district	address	image	object	measure	Remarks
1893	Ehrenfeld	Leostrasse 48		Residential building	New building	destroyed by the war
around 1895	Altstadt-Süd	Neumarkt 3		House Fastenrath (client: Johannes Fastenrath )	New building	destroyed by the war
around 1895	Neustadt-North	Hansaring		Tenement house	New building	destroyed by the war
1895-1896	Marienburg	Under the Elms 154	more pictures	Villa Schmeltzer (built 1887/88)	Conversion / extension (client: Leo Schmeltzer, manufacturer)	Canceled in 1937
1895-1899	Neustadt-Süd	Roonstrasse 50 location	more pictures	synagogue	New building	Partially destroyed in 1938 , rebuilt 1957–1959
1896-1897	Marienburg	Marienburger Strasse 28 / 28a	more pictures	Villa Below (client: Bernhard Below)	New building	Demolished in 1974, Remise (No. 28a) preserved as a residential building
1897-1898	Neustadt-Süd	Lindenstrasse 16–22 location		Evangelical Girls' Lyceum	New building	preserved with few changes; today Rheinische Fachhochschule Köln
1897	Altstadt-Süd	Hohe Strasse 11-13		Castan's panopticon	New building	destroyed by the war
1897-1898	Neustadt-North	Goebenstrasse 3 / Werderstrasse location		Schreiterer residential building and headquarters of the Schreiterer & Below architectural office (client: Emil Schreiterer)	New building	war damaged, restored
1898	Neustadt-North	Kaiser Wilhelm Ring 33		Administration building of the West German Railway Company	New building	Canceled in 1932
1899	Mülheim	Bergisch-Gladbacher Strasse location		Charlier burial chapel in the Protestant cemetery	New building	war damaged, faithfully restored
1899	Old town north	Obenmarspforten 21 location	more pictures	Farina residential and commercial building	New building using the old building fabric	Destroyed by the war, restored in 1960 with a slightly modified facade in baroque form
1899	lime	Kalker Hauptstrasse 315		Residential building (client: Wimmar Breuer, manufacturer)	New building	destroyed by the war
around 1900	Neustadt-Süd	Hardefuststrasse 7		Residential building	New building	destroyed by the war
1901-1902	Old town north	Grosse Budengasse 8		Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie	New building	destroyed by the war
1902	Bayenthal	Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 118		Villa of Kölnische Maschinenbau AG (for General Director Ernst Lechner)	New building	destroyed in the war, rebuilt in different ways, demolished in 1988/89
1903	Marienburg	Lindenallee 23	more pictures	villa	New building	Destroyed in the war, summer house demolished in 1965
1903-1904	Pastures	Bahnstrasse 17/19 location		Residential buildings (client: Schreiterer & Below architects)	New building	heavily modified facade
1903-1904	Marienburg	Marienburger Strasse 32/34 location		Double villa	New building	No. 32: obtained; No. 34: damaged in the war, rebuilt in a simplified manner in 1947, partially reconstructed in 1983/84; Monument protection
1904-1905	Old town north	Zeughausstrasse 10 / Mohrenstrasse location		Residential and commercial building	New building	Destroyed by the war, reconstruction greatly changed
1905	Old town north	Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer		Residential building	New building	destroyed by the war
1905	Pastures	Aachener Strasse 1269		Rougemont-Sonorésches country house (built 1788)	Conversion (client: Emil Schreiterer)	Canceled in 1973
before 1905	Neustadt-North	Bremer Strasse 5 / Maybachstrasse location		Commercial building	New building	Monument protection
1905-1908	Bayenthal	Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 130	more pictures	Villa Lindgens (client: Adolf Lindgens , lead paint manufacturer; sculptors: Johann Degen , Julius Seidler )	New building	war damaged, restored and demolished in 1958
1905-1914	Pastures	Goethe, Eichendorff, Schiller, Bahn, Aachener Strasse		Villa colony Weiden (client: Colony of small country houses in Weiden near Cologne GmbH)	New building	with changes received; partly monument protection
1906-1907	Bayenthal	Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 132		Citizen's villa	New building	badly damaged by the war, restored in 1946/47, demolished in 1959
1906-1907	Bayenthal	Bayenthal belt 4 layer	more pictures	Villa ("Haus Opfergelt"; client: Martin Hubert Opfergelt, district court director)	New building	badly damaged by the war, partially rebuilt in 1961; Monument protection
1907	Neustadt-North	Worringer Strasse 21 location		Residential building (client: Wilhelm Stühlen, factory owner)	New building	Monument protection
1909-1910	Deutz	Ferdinandstrasse		Parish Church of St. Urban	New building	destroyed in the war, rebuilt and demolished for the construction of the zoo bridge (1962)
1910-1911	Marienburg	Bayenthal belt 9 layer	more pictures	Villa (client: Otto Strack, bank director)	New building	changed by modifications / additions
around 1912	Old town north	Zeppelinstrasse		Commercial building ("Zeppelinhaus")	New building	destroyed by the war
before 1914	Lindenthal	Urban forest belt 33 location		Residential building	New building	Monument protection
1913-1914	Neustadt-North	Riehler Strasse 90–92 location		Agrippina Insurance business building	New building	2/3 destroyed in the war, partially rebuilt in different ways; Monument protection
around 1920	Pastures	Aachener Strasse 1273		Landhaus / Villa Rolff ("Herrenhaus Zur Widen"; client: Viktor Rolff )	New building	canceled around 1960
1922	Lindenthal	Friedrich-Schmidt-Strasse 28		Residential building	New building	destroyed by the war
1922	Lindenthal	Fürst-Pückler-Strasse 60		Villa Bollongino	New building	destroyed
1922	Lindenthal	Hultzstrasse 36		Paul Mark semi-villa	New building	destroyed
1924	Klettenberg	Siebengebirgsallee 68 location		Residential building	New building	Monument protection
1924	Marienburg	Mehlemer Strasse 28		villa	New building	war damaged, rebuilt and demolished in 1978
1924	Pastures	Goethestrasse 10		Sparkasse (client: Weiden municipality)	New building	Canceled in 1972
1924	Bickendorf	Emilstrasse 54 location		Residential building	extension	received greatly changed
around 1925	Lindenthal	Urban forest belt 47		Residential building	New building	destroyed by the war
around 1925	Lindenthal	Urban forest belt 49 location		Residential building	New building	Monument protection
1925-1926	Marienburg	Eugen-Langen-Strasse 10–12 / Marienburger Strasse 43 Location		Two director houses of the Rhenania-Kunheim association. Chem. Fabriken AG	New building	the seat of the Embassy of Mexico in the 1950s to 1970s ; Monument protection
1926-1927	Marienburg	Goethestrasse 4-6 location		Double villa	New building	largely preserved

Buildings outside of Cologne

construction time	Community district	address	image	object	measure	Remarks
1894	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Bad Neuenahr	Poststrasse 35 location		Residential building	New building	receive
1894-1895	Euskirchen	Kölner Strasse 41 location	more pictures	Evangelical church with rectory	New building	Badly damaged by the war, reconstruction changed somewhat after 1945, tower under monument protection
1894-1895	Jünkerath	Kölner Strasse 62 location		Protestant church	New building	destroyed in the war, rebuilt true to the original in 1950/51; Monument protection
1894-1895	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Ahrweiler	Walporzheimer Strasse 2 location		Sanatorium Ahrweiler : bathing and social house	New building	preserved unchanged
around 1895	Euskirchen	Koelner Strasse		Kreishaus of Euskirchen	New building	Destroyed in the war in 1944
1895-1897	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Ahrweiler			Sanatorium Ahrweiler : Commercial construction ("Economy")	New building	canceled
1896-1897	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Ahrweiler	location		Sanatorium Ahrweiler : House for the restless sick ("Villa Griesinger")	New building	Destroyed in the war in 1944/45
1897	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Ahrweiler			Sanatorium Ahrweiler : boiler and machine house	extension	Canceled in 1971
1898-1899	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Bad Neuenahr	Kurgartenstrasse 1 location		Thermal bath house	New building	Monument protection
around 1898/99	Wuppertal residential area Brill	Katernberger Strasse 169 location		Residential building (villa)	New building (client: Hermann Grafe, textile manufacturer)	Monument protection; converted into an apartment building
1898-1900	Wuppertal district of Barmen	Werth 46-50 location		Concordia Society House	New building	1943 partially destroyed in the war, reconstruction in a simplified form; Monument protection
1899	Sankt Goarshausen	Katz Castle location	more pictures	Katz Castle	Reconstruction to a residential building	Monument protection
around 1900	Trier district Trier-Süd	Matthiasstrasse 85 location		House of St. Matthias (part of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Matthias )	modification	receive
around 1900	Munster city ​​district Mitte	Prinzipalmarkt 13 location	more pictures	Hotel zur alten Börse (built 1710)	modification	destroyed in the war, rebuilt true to the original; today Westphalian news
around 1900	Munster district Roxel	Dingbängerweg 400 location		Hohenfeld Castle	Extension (client: Count Clemens Galen, uncle of Clemens August Graf von Galen )	canceled before 1967
around 1900	Bonn district Bonn center	Market 8 location	more pictures	Hotel to the golden star	modification	Façade, partially changed, preserved and listed
1901	Duisburg city ​​district center	Düsseldorfer Strasse 19 location		Middle Rhine Bank	New building	Monument protection; today Folkwang University Duisburg
1903	Bad Godesberg district Rüngsdorf	Karl-Finkelnburg-Straße 49–53 location	more pictures	Office building of the Düren company	New building	1950–2000 seat of the Embassy of Italy ; Monument protection
1903-1904	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Ahrweiler	Schützbahn 54 location		Sanatorium Ahrweiler : Villa Maria	New building	Monument protection
before 1905	Duisburg city ​​district center	Münzstrasse		four commercial buildings	New building	destroyed by the war
before 1905	Duisburg city ​​district center	Münzstrasse 20–28		Commercial building	New building	destroyed by the war
1905-1906	Essen district city ​​center	Lindenallee 21–23 location		Rheinische Bank (client: A. Schaaffhausen'scher Bankverein )	New building	Destroyed in the war in 1944
1905-1906	Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler district of Ahrweiler	Walporzheimer Strasse 2		Heilanstalt Ahrweiler : Kurmittelhaus	New building	largely unchanged, connecting tract increased
around 1910	Bad Godesberg district Alt-Godesberg	Moltkestrasse 58-60 location	more pictures	Schaaffhausen'sche Bank , Bad Godesberg branch	New building	receive; extended by three axes
1912	Troisdorf district of Friedrich-Wilhelms-Hütte	Mendener Strasse 51 location		Administration building of the Mannstaedt works	New building	largely preserved
1913	Kleve	Herzogstrasse 32		Schaaffhausen'sche Bank , Kleve branch	New building	destroyed by the war
1913-1914	Duisburg district Friemersheim	Roos-, Martini-, Mittel-, Turmstraße, Breitenbachallee location	more pictures	Colony of residential buildings for officials of the Royal Railway Directorate in Cologne	New building	preserved with changes, Breitenbachallee: partial demolition
1914-1921	Cheeky downtown district	Hauptstrasse 209 location	more pictures	Protestant church	Reconstruction and expansion	receive

Drafts not executed

• 1892: Zwickau , design for a Protestant church-9999
• 1893: Halle (Saale) , competition design for the Riebeck Foundation (1st prize), execution based on a design by Grenander and Spalding-9999
• 1893/1894: Rheydt , competition design for the New Town Hall (not awarded a prize, but purchased), executed 1894–96 based on a design by Robert Neuhaus-
• 1893/1894: Wuppertal , Elberfeld district , competition design for a new town hall (3rd prize)-
• 1894: Düsseldorf , Oberbilk district , competition design for an Evangelical Church (1st prize), executed 1886–1889 based on a design by Georg Weidenbach-9999
• around 1897: Aachen , Burtscheid district , design for a Protestant church , executed 1897–1899 based on a design by Heinrich Reinhardt–9
• 1898: Zwickau , competition design for the Luther Church-9999
• around 1900: Mönchengladbach , design for a concert hall–9
• around 1900: –9near Cologne , design for a house on the Rhine
• around 1900: –9near Hamburg , design for a transporter bridge over the Elbe
• around 1900: Wuppertal , Elberfeld district , design for a new building for the Bergisch-Märkische Bank–9
• around 1900: Cologne , competition design for a residential building on Sachsenring (second participant: Eugen Fabricius )–9
• around 1900: Leverkusen , Schlebusch district , two designs for a Protestant church–9
• 1900: Cologne , design for a concert hall in the Flora–9
• 1900: Hamburg , competition design for the new central station (not awarded a prize), executed 1904–1906 based on a design by Heinrich Reinhardt and Georg Süßenguth-9999
• 1900: Cologne , Unter Sachsenhausen, design for a commercial building for the Rheinische Discount Society-9999
• 1903: Cologne , Marienburg district , design for the Reformation Church, executed 1903–1905 based on a design by Otto March-9999
• 1904: Recklinghausen , design for a new town hall (not awarded a prize), execution until 1908 based on a design by Otto Müller-Jena-9999
• 1904: Duisburg , design for a road bridge over the Rhine between Ruhrort and Homberg-9999
• 1905: Cologne , Weiden district , design for a Protestant church in the villa colony-9999
• 1907: Cologne , Rudolfsplatz, design for a coffee restaurant-9999
• 1908/1909:  Bonn , Poppelsdorfer Allee / Kronprinzenstraße, competition design for a community center for the Bonn Citizens' Association (1st prize), execution based on a design by Karl Thoma
• 1908: Wiesbaden , competition design for the new building of the State Museum (2nd prize), executed 1913–1915 based on a design by Theodor Fischer-9999
• around 1910: Cologne , design for residential buildings on the Deutsches Ring–9
• around 1910: Kempen , design for a new district building (1st prize)–9
• 1910: Cologne , first competition design for the second Rhine bridge (Cologne / Deutz suspension bridge) between the old town and Deutz (award-winning)-9999
• 1911: Cologne , Schildergasse , competition design for the Tietz department store (not awarded a prize)-9999
• 1912/1913:  Cologne , second competition design for the second Rhine bridge (Cologne / Deutz suspension bridge) between the old town and Deutz , executed 1913–1915 based on a design by Carl Moritz
• around 1920: Cologne , Bickendorf district , design for a Protestant church with a parish and parish hall–9
• around 1925: Cologne , design for a main entrance to the zoological garden–9
• around 1925: Düsseldorf , design for a new town hall–9
• around 1925: Duisburg , draft for the station forecourt–9
• 1925: Cologne , draft for the development of the bridgehead on the left bank of the Rhine of the Cologne / Deutz suspension bridge (not awarded a prize)-9999

Own work volumes

• Schreiterer and Below, Architects in Cologne, completed buildings and designs. Mönchengladbach 1905.
• Schreiterer and Below, Architects BDA Cöln a. Rhine, Executed Buildings & Drafts. Mahlmann, Charlottenburg 1915 (36 pages)
• Gustav Ewald Konrad (ed.): New architecture, Schreiterer a. Below, Inh. B. Below, A. Passauer, G. Schreiterer, Architects BDA, Cologne am Rhein , Berlin / Vienna 1927.

literature

• Sabine Simon: Schreiterer & Below. A Cologne architecture office between historicism and modernity. Verlag Mainz, Aachen 1999, ISBN 3-89653-475-0 (also dissertation RWTH Aachen 1998).
• Wolfram Hagspiel : Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb (= traces of the city, monuments in Cologne. Volume 8) 2 volumes, JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-7616-1147-1 .

Web links

Commons : Schreiterer & Below  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

1. ↑ State Archives North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland Department, civil status register, Lindenthal registry office, deaths in 1923, document no. 1308 of October 8, 1923.
2. ↑ Ludwig Schreiber (Louis Schreiber) in: archthek , Historisches Architektenregister, section Schrade - Schrüllkamp , last accessed on February 4, 2016.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj} Sabine Simon: Schreiterer & Below. A Cologne architecture office between historicism and modernity.
4. ↑ Peter Jessen: German Form in the War Year, The Exhibition Cologne 1914 . In: Deutscher Werkbund (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the German Werkbund . tape 1915 . F.Bruckmann A.-G., Munich 1915, p. 40 .
5. ^ Rüdiger Schünemann-Steffen: Cologne Street Name Lexicon, City District 3. Jörg-Rüshü-Selbstverlag, Cologne 2017, p. 32.
6. ↑ between Lübecker Straße and Ebertplatz
7. ↑ formerly Ulmenallee
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Wolfram Hagspiel: Cologne: Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb.
9. ↑ ^{a b c} formerly Oberländer Ufer
10. ^ Wolfram Hagspiel : Cologne in photographs from the imperial era . Regionalia Verlag, Rheinbach 2016, ISBN 978-3-95540-227-3 , p. 73.
11. ↑ formerly Kaiser-Friedrich-Ufer 33
12. ↑ formerly Aachener Strasse 269
13. ↑ formerly Aachener Strasse 273
14. ^ ^{A b} Max-Leo Schwering: Cologne Braunsfeld-Melaten. Publications of the Cologne City Museum, Volume 6, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-927396-93-1 , 579 pp.
15. ↑ Elevation and floor plan , www.amazon.com
16. ↑ A chronological overview of the most important administrative data and events in the Euskirchen district since 1816 ( Memento of December 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 29 kB) , Euskirchen District Archives, 2002
17. ↑ The Essen branch of A. Schaafhausen'schen Bankverein was taken over by Rheinische Bank shortly after it opened.
18. ↑ originally Moltkestrasse 58
19. ↑ List of works on Google books