Schildergasse

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Neumarkt, stairway to Schildergasse (2008)

The Schildergasse is a shopping street in Cologne District Old Town North . It runs as a pedestrian zone in an east-west direction between Hohe Straße and Neumarkt and is the second oldest street in Cologne. In 2019 Schildergasse was the second most frequented shopping street in Germany.

History of origin

Knight with shield ( Codex Manesse )
Altarpiece by Hermann von Weinsberg, Bartholomäus Bruyn d. J. (see caption)

The origin of the Schildergasse lies in Roman times . Its current course is based on the former Roman Decumanus maximus ( east-west axis ), the main street with a direct connection to Cardo maximus ( north-south axis ), today's Hohe Straße. At the intersection of the two was the forum , the central Roman marketplace. In the course of time, Schildergasse developed from a residential street with workshops to a shopping street.

Early and Middle Ages

While the Roman past of the Hohe Straße is certain, that of the Schildergasse is uncertain, as there were only sparse finds on the latter. It is named after the numerous sign and coat of arms painters who lived here in the Middle Ages. The residents called it "Schildergaß" or "Schildergazin", and until the Middle Ages it was also called "platea clippeorum" in Latin. In the Middle Ages it was called "versus scildirgazin" or "versus scildirgassen", in 1797 its current name "in the Schildergasse" appeared for the first time. The majority of the masters of this craft still lived here in the 14th century, from 1452 the Gaffelhaus ( guild house ) of the coat of arms painters and tailors was located in No. 15 (later No. 5992) .

However, one of the first craftsmen is the brewer Bodo, who has resided with his brewery on Schildergasse since 1255. Gobelin (us) de Merzenich owned the oldest house chapel in the late Romanesque style in No. 49/53 in a private house mentioned in 1218 ("Hof Merzenich"). In 1425 this courtyard - probably the oldest building on the street - was inhabited by the landed nobleman Friedrich von Stepproide and demolished around 1865. Two other houses are still occupied in the late 13th century, namely house "Homburg" from 1286 (no. 40/42) and "Zum Thurm" from 1296 (no. 46).

Many Nuremberg painters had their residence and their workshops in the street, including Meister Eckard, the painter. In 1291 he bought two terraced houses ("under one roof") from Johann Overstolz opposite Hundsgasse ("Hundisgasse"). Master Walelm has been registered here since 1322, Master Hagekinus owned three houses here in 1334. Reinkinus (Reynardus Sturm zum Greifen - de grysone) acquired his first piece of land here in 1328 and his second in 1331; on June 3, 1371, he charged his house with a pension in favor of master Wilhelm von Herle. After his death in 1380, both Reinkinus houses came to the mortgagee Heinrich von Langenberch by court order (probably as part of a foreclosure auction ).

The two most famous Cologne painters, Stefan Lochner and Bartholomäus Bruyn the Elder , did not live directly on Schildergasse, but in cave 28 - the direct extension to Hohe Straße. This was the direct extension of Schildergasse over Hohe Strasse or over the street "Unter Wappensticker". Stefan Lochner bought the house "zum Karbun (c) kel", which has been registered in the Schreinsbuch since 1328, in 1444, but had to take out two mortgages for this until September 1444; ownership was successively passed to the painters Hans von Memmingen (1453), Bartel Bruyn the elder and the younger. Kriel's Gobelin bought the house "zur Gans" in the Schildergasse / corner of Herzogstrasse in 1273 and the house "zur Krone" near Perlengässchen in 1279. In 1322 the sculptor Master Welterus, who lived in the “platea clippeorum”, is mentioned. In all probability he made the statues of the apostles in the choir of the cathedral church .

On October 9, 1333, Konrad Jetze undertook to make annual payments to vicars from his house in Schildergasse. Master painter Heynkinus (Hennkinus) owned three houses in Schildergasse in 1334. Johann Platvoys I bought two houses on Schildergasse in 1334. This inherited his son and painter Johann Platvoys II in 1361, who acquired a total of 6 houses in this street, of which he successively sold again, for example a house to Ludowig von Lulstorp on June 30, 1361. Johann Platvoys III. Although he did not inherit any houses from his father, since he had paid him off, he bought two houses in Schildergasse when his wife inherited them from her father. Heydenrich von Lintlo owned a house near Neumarkt, which he sold in 1305 to the painter Philipp as a long lease. In 1338 painter Gerhard Rüschbier acquired one of 4 houses in Schildergasse from the knight Mathias von Spiegel as a leasehold, which he ceded to the sisters Irmengardis and Greta von Crychten in 1348.

Hermann Wynrich von Wesel - one of the wealthiest Cologne craftsmen of that time - acquired the inheritance shares in a house of master Wilhelm von Herle on August 30, 1378 through the marriage of his widow Jutta. Painter Gobelin von Stumbele ( Stommeln ) was the owner of the house “Königstein” until January 4, 1387, in 1393 Gobelin acquired another house from the Minorite Franko von Lyskirchen, but Gobelin had to transfer it back to the Minorites on January 29, 1396 due to arrears. Wynand Groene acquired one half of the house from the knight Mathias von Spiegel's widow in 1351, and the other half on October 6, 1362.

The house Mirweiler ("Myrweilre") in no. 96 (later: 4927) initially belonged to "Constantin von Lyskirchen zu Mirweiler", who with this addition to his name was mayor in 1378 as a member of the extensive Lyskirchen family. After that it belonged to the patrician family of the knight Heinrich von Spiegel zu Rodenberg in 1395. Lambert von Luytge acquired this house on September 10, 1491. Until 1496 it was owned by Dietrich Lüninck (Chancellor of the Duke of Jülich and Berg), who sold it to the municipal brewing office that year. House Mirweiler (or "Round Table") has since acted as a guild house for brewers ("domus tribunitia braxatorum"). Until 1494, a house on the current intersection of Cäcilienstraße / Nord-Süd-Fahrt served the brewing guild. Under the coat of arms of the brewers, a shield painted with a mash fork and a malt scoop, the two guild or gaff masters were elected on Epiphany (according to the statutes of the guild letter of 1497). Around 1612/13 the house was expanded and the large guild hall redesigned in the Renaissance style. The decor of the hall was simple, it was furnished with simple bare wooden tables and benches and had a tiled stove decorated with Delft plates. The wall decoration consisted of the portraits of the banners and a picture of the patron of the guild, Peter of Milan .

Painter Clais Stoultze bought the first half of the house "Zum Thurm" (zom Thurne) from Gutgin von Bonn on May 4, 1467 and the other half from Johann von Siberg on January 22, 1472. He sold the entire area to Johann von Berchem in 1475. In 1482 Stoultze acquired the house "zum Roissgyn" from Bernhart von Gnaitstat. After Master Clais' death on January 30, 1505, his daughter Metzgin inherited the house.

The wealthy family of goldsmiths and merchants Adolf Rinck (1472–1541) bought two houses (“to the large and small Kneyart” from the middle of the 13th century; No. 74/76) from the Cologne cruiser Hermann Kneyart and built them on the site in 1513 the splendid bourgeois building "zum golden ring" with a large vaulted hall (demolished in 1910). The patrician Rinck family made the property their ancestral seat in 1513. House "Königstein" (Kunincksteyn) was acquired by Hermann Rinck (died 1541) in 1464 and rebuilt on July 28, 1513. Mayor Johann Rinck lived since 1510 in the house "Königstein" (No. 24) with a chapel consecrated in 1511 (both demolished in 1894). The last owner was the Franz Everhard Bourel family (painter and draftsman). The home of the brewer Johann Oeckhoven (No. 117; corner Neumarkt) was built before 1588, from May 9, 1594 it was rebuilt.

Nicasius Hackeney acquired the Heydenrich farm from Johann von Berchem on March 7, 1507, and the neighboring property near Neumarkt in December 1508, and quickly had a house built here in 1508, called the “imperial court” or “Caesaris palatium”. Emperor Charles V stayed here on October 29, 1520 and January 5, 1531. Johann Jakob Merlo contributed to reinforcing the Richmodis legend , because the Hackeney family owned wooden horses that could often be seen in the windows of their estate; the family coat of arms also showed (at least) one striding white horse. Both facts probably served as a - flawed - attempt to interpret this legend. There was a connection between the Hackeney and Aducht families, because Theodorich Hackeney had taken over the property of the extinct Aducht family and left it to son Nicasius.

According to the council minutes of April 30, 1612, the city delivered lumber to the guild's banner owner and former mayor and brewer Peter Oeckhoven (descendant of the brewer Johann Oeckhoven) for the brewers' new gaff house in Schildergasse 96, which was sold in 1862 and demolished in 1927 has been.

Monasteries

Monasteries also moved into this street. Beguines received the house “Irr (e) gang” by will, in which they established their convent in 1286. Antonites ("Antoniter gentlemen") settled in the monastery of the same name, founded on December 21, 1298. You were called to Cologne in 1288 by Archbishop Wigbold von Holte . The brothers Heinrich and Ludwig "von der Schildergassen" (Order of the Cross) received four houses in Schildergasse (No. 84) for a long lease on April 5, 1309 for the purpose of building a monastery from Gudelinde Hardevust. The Kreuzbrüder Church was built in 1737 in Streitzeuggasse (today Kreuzgasse and Brüdergasse); it was demolished in 1808. In July 1637 the foundation stone of the Poor Clare Monastery "to the holy guardian angels" was laid on Schildergasse / Krebsgasse, the church and high altar were consecrated on September 14, 1662.

The small street An St. Agatha leading on the west side of the Kaufhof complex from Schildergasse to Cäcilienstraße was the location of the monastery of the same name. It was founded around 1313 by an order of the Augustinians, and from 1459 Benedictine nuns lived in its walls. The abolition of the convent took place in 1802 through secularization .

Antoniterkirche

Antoniterkirche and "Weltstadthaus"

Shortly after 1250, the community of sack brothers , who followed the rules of the Augustinian hermits , settled on Antonitergasse, which branches off from Schildergasse to the south . The Antoniterkirche (No. 57) emerged from the former Antoniterkloster, founded on December 21, 1298, the area of ​​which was expanded to include Schildergasse in 1350. In 1350 the construction of the new St. Antonius monastery church began. The Gothic, transeptless vaulted basilica is the only relic of the former monastery with numerous buildings, completed in 1380 and completed in 1384 by Archbishop Friedrich III. from Saar are consecrated. It was left to the Protestants on June 21, 1802 by order of Napoleon Bonaparte during the French period and is now a haven of peace in the middle of the turbulent shopping street.

course

Until the beginning of the 15th century, Schildergasse extended over part of today's Hohe Straße to Obenmarspforten / Brückenstraße. After the Wappensticker had found recognition as a guild in 1397, this part was named "Unter Wappensticker". In the Cologne cityscape from 1570 , Arnold Mercator records the course of the “Schildergaß” to “Onder Wappensticker”, which is still called “Schildergaß” up to “Bruck straiss”. Today's Hohe Strasse did not yet have a uniform street name, but was called "Onder Spormachern" and "An der gulder wagen" (An den Güldenwagen) from on Brückenstrasse. It was only given the uniform name in 1813 after the French street names were abolished.

Founding period

  • Schildergasse / corner of Hohe Straße 63 - Feinhals office building (1890)

  • Schildergasse 122 - Police Headquarters (1912)

  • Schildergasse 49 - Café Royal

  • Schildergasse / Hohe Strasse - Leonhard Tietz department store (1914)

Schildergasse 1–9 - Palatium
Schildergasse 44 - Schierenberg House
Schildergasse 65–67 - Weltstadthaus
Schildergasse 69 - Goldkopf house
Schildergasse 107–109 - commercial building

On January 30, 1743, the "Musicalische Academie" was founded in Schildergasse. During the French era, Napoleon Bonaparte moved from the Eigelstein on September 13, 1804 via Marzellenstrasse, Hohe Strasse and Schildergasse and moved into Blankenheimer Hof (Schildergasse / Neumarkt 4), which was demolished in 1914. During this time, from January 1, 1813, all of Cologne's streets were only allowed to use the French name of " Itinéraire de Cologne "; the Schildergasse was henceforth called “rue des peintres” (street of the painters). Cologne's first prison on the Weidenbach was followed by the "Rheinische Arrest- und Correctionshaus" planned for 320 prisoners on the corner of Schildergasse and Krebsgasse, for which the former Clariss Monastery was rebuilt. In October 1801, the French administration set up a “civil prison” (No. 122) in the former Poor Clare monastery, the renovation of which was carried out by master bricklayer Johann Botz and tin beater Alexander Hiltorf. This gave rise to its popular name “die bleche Botz” (the tinny pants). Between 1846 and 1848 it was converted into a women's prison ("Weiberanstalt"); officially it was called "Royal Penitentiary and Correctional Institution for Women Prisoners". The most famous inmate was Sophie von Hatzfeldt , who spent two months here after her arrest on May 20, 1849. Due to the secularization , the monastery complex of the Cologne Cross Brothers also disappeared , in the part of which protruding towards Schildergasse as No. 84 according to designs by Jakob Ignaz Hittorff, the police headquarters moved in 1817. In 1828 a school for the poor for 400 children was built in No. 96.

As part of the development of Schildergasse as an urban promenade, the Cologne chocolate manufacturer Franz Stollwerck built the “Café Royal” at No. 49 in December 1847 and later converted it into a Vaudeville theater with 400 seats. From January 1848, inns and public halls in Cologne became important places for political decision-making in the context of the March Revolution . Popular meeting places for Rhenish democrats were the Stollwerck Hall on Schildergasse, the Eisersche Hall and the Harffsche Hall. On March 20, 1848, a people's assembly took place in the “Café Royal”, at which “people's representation” and “people's arming” was demanded. In the course of the March Revolution, on April 1, 1848, the “Café Royal” was renamed “German Coffee House”. The “Democratic Society” was founded here in the café and, along with the workers' association, was one of the most important organizations during the revolutionary events in Cologne. However, it burned down on March 14, 1849 for unknown reasons. As early as November 1849, a new theater was built in the same place, which was later named "Thalia Theater". It served as an interim theater after the city ​​theater in Glockengasse burned down on June 22, 1859. The theater was the second most important stage in Cologne, renamed the Wilhelmtheater in 1882 and demolished in 1888. In June 1864 Ernst Leybold opened his main business in a new building he had bought for 23,350 thalers at No. 96a / Brüderstraße 3–5, where he began manufacturing pharmaceutical devices in-house. In 1883/84 Ferdinand Schmitz built a commercial building at No. 58 made of red Main sandstone and Cordeler sandstone. The Rinck house chapel in No. 24 was torn down in 1894.

In No. 69 there was initially a bakery built by Johann Haerhausen between 1569 and 1613, in which in 1688 the “Pharmacy for the Golden Head” was built. Hubert Birrekoven became the first owner of the “Zum Goldenen Kopf” pharmacy in 1688. He took over the house in Schildergasse and founded the pharmacy. Pharmacist Emil Dovifat sen. acquired it in 1895, the house was demolished in 1906. After it was rebuilt in 1963, the "Goldkopf Perfumery" emerged. According to the Cologne address book from 1855, the co-owner of the banking house J. H. Stein , Heinrich Stein jun.

Modern times

End of Schildergasse towards Hohe Straße

The Café Riese in No. 103 began in 1901 with Rudolf Riese at Hohe Straße 53 as Wilhelm Esser Nachstieg GmbH, he moved to Schildergasse in 1911 and ran the business until 1963 when the Zorn family took over the traditional company. From April 15, 1902, the electric "Lindenthalbahn" also drove on Schildergasse. From 1907 the Neumarkt-Dom line was relocated, with the section over Schildergasse being left out. In 1910, the city administration decided to extend Schildergasse to Heumarkt , which urban planner Carl Rehorst implemented with a road break from Gürzenichstrasse to Schildergasse. The dominance of Schildergasse was increased with this breakthrough. The breakthrough enabled the establishment of the Palatium office building in nos. 1–5 on a triangular floor plan in 1914, with Wilhelm Kreis dominating the town .

Architect Kreis also built the former Tietz department store opposite, which was located at the intersection of Schildergasse and Hohe Strasse (No. 41–53) and opened on April 7, 1914. The department store, built in classicism, was the largest and most modern department store in Europe at that time and aroused sensation and admiration throughout Europe. Its imposing interior was destroyed in the war, only the facade was preserved. After the reconstruction, Kaufhof moved in here, and in 1957 they were able to inaugurate an extension. House Schierenberg (No. 44), built in 1894, is named after its architect Heinrich Schierenberg , it was rebuilt from 1950 and restored in 1992/1993.

Several cinemas are located on Schildergasse; the first cinema in Cologne was the Weltkinematograph (No. 72/74) in 1906, the Biophon-Theater (No. 70) in 1907 and the Apollo-Lichtspiele (No. 34) in 1910. Between 1907 and 1945 there was the neo-Romanesque police headquarters with a towering tower on the site of the "bleche Botz", which was demolished in 1904; it was completely destroyed by the last bombing raid on Cologne on March 2, 1945. During the Nazi era , the building was used by the regular police and the Gestapo until 1935 , who then moved into their separate office building in the EL-DE building . The Hindenburg house at no. 113–117 is a neoclassical residential and commercial building designed by the architect Hermann Eberhard Pflaume at the end of Schildergasse, which was completed in February 1915.

Numerous residents of Schildergasse were persecuted and murdered during National Socialism . The linearization fell some houses the road prey: No. 2-6, 20/22, 26, 28, 31-35, 39, 51/53, 55, 59, 65/67, 76, 78/80, 81, 82nd , 84a, 88 and 93. The annihilation of the Jews was followed by the war, the destruction of the city and also that of the Schildergasse.

From 1961, the underpass of Schildergasse through the north-south route at the level of the Antoniterkirche began. The inauguration of this section took place on September 1, 1962 at the level of the tunnel below Cäcilienstraße by the then Lord Mayor Theo Burauen . On February 23, 1966, the city declared the entire Schildergasse the first pedestrian zone in Cologne; the newly laid paving slab instead of the fairway was specially produced for Schildergasse. This measure turned out to be profitable. When Hohe Strasse was also declared a pedestrian zone on September 29, 1967, one of the longest car-free shopping streets in Germany was created at 1,417 meters.

Beer fountain in Schildergasse

The six meter high beer fountain , inaugurated on May 6, 1972, is reminiscent of the former guild house of the brewers. The Weltstadthaus, opened on September 7, 2005 in No. 65-67, has a sales area of ​​14,400 m² with a length of 130 m and a width of 60 m.

Today, the Schildergasse houses the branches of large retail and fashion stores as well as boutiques, specialist shops and restaurants of all genres. This resulted in a very high level of chain stores of 90.8%. Its character as a shopping street is also reflected in the decline in the residential population. In 1910 Schildergasse had only 58% of the population of 1890 (Hohe Straße 53%, Breite Straße 74%).

Location and importance

The 534 meter long Schildergasse together with the Hohe Straße forms the central pedestrian zone and the shopping center of Cologne. It starts at Neumarkt / Krebsgasse and ends at Hohe Straße. It is the oldest shopping street in Germany. Due to the central position of the Neumarkt as a hub, Schildergasse has become the most important east-west axis for pedestrians. Ludwigstrasse / An Sankt Agatha, Perlengässchen, Herzogstrasse, Antonsgasse / Kreuzgasse, Krebsgasse and Zeppelinstrasse flow into it. The main streets of Schildergasse are mostly only short connections to the streets running parallel and were therefore integrated into the main street. The parish of the entire quarter was probably St. Alban. The ruins of Alt St. Alban , one of the oldest old town parish churches in Cologne, are located as a memorial between the Gürzenich and the modern Wallraf-Richartz Museum . Schildergasse is served by the Cologne city railway with the Neumarkt , Heumarkt and Appellhofplatz underground stations. A parking guidance system shows the visitor free spaces.

Schildergasse has the highest proportion of large commercial areas in Cologne. Around 40% of the shops offer more than 500 m² of retail space, around 33% are even over 1,000 m². This space on offer makes Schildergasse one of the most popular shopping streets in Germany. The branch mix shows that textiles lead with 60% of the area share, followed by shoe suppliers with 22%. Almost 75% of the real estate is in private hands, followed by insurance companies (9%) as well as owner-occupiers and open real estate funds (7% each; 2008).

Literature / sources

  • Adam Wrede : New Cologne vocabulary . 3 volumes A - Z, Greven Verlag, Cologne, 9th edition 1984, ISBN 3-7743-0155-7
  • Heinz Heineberg : General Geography Floor Plan , Part X, Urban Geography / Geographical Urban Research, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn, 1989, p. 63.
  • Werner Jung: Modern Cologne . Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-7616-1590-6 .
  • Carl Dietmar: Die Chronik Kölns , Chronik Verlag, Dortmund 1991, ISBN 3-611-00193-7
  • Ludwig Arntz : Cellite convent S. Elisabeth in Antonsgasse . In: Paul Clemen in connection with Hans Vogts and Fritz Witte (ed.): The KD of the city of Cologne. Düsseldorf 1934 (ND 1980), pp. 119-124 [851-856].

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.engelvoelkers.com/de-de/commercial/doc/Ranking_Mai%202019_Samstag.pdf
  2. ↑ Helmut Signon / Klaus Schmidt, all roads led through Cologne , 2006, p 308
  3. ↑ after the sign painter "clipeator"
  4. ^ Adam Wrede, Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz , Volume III, 1989, p. 22
  5. ↑ History Seminar of the University of Cologne, History in Cologne , Volumes 9–12, 1981, p. 85
  6. ^ Franz Pfeiffer: Germania, Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Alterthumskunde , 1864, p. 466
  7. ↑ In childless marriages, the surviving part had a right of residence , but was only holder of half of the right; "Vitam suam"
  8. ↑ Carbuncle is a boil
  9. ^ EA Seemann : Contributions to Art History , 1891, p. 11
  10. ↑ Kölnischer Geschichtsverein, Jahrbuch , Volume 73, 2002, p. 12
  11. ↑ HAStK, Shrine Book No. 179 , fol. 71r
  12. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo: News of the life and works of Cologne artists , 1850, p. 505
  13. ↑ Johann Jacob Merlo : The Masters of the Old Cologne School of Painting , 1852, p. 23
  14. ^ Johann Jacob Merlo: The Masters of the Old Cologne School of Painting , 1852, p. 62 f.
  15. ↑ Johann Jacob Merlo: The Masters of the Old Cologne School of Painting , p. 25 f.
  16. ^ Carl Dietmar: Die Chronik Kölns , 1991, p. 179
  17. ^ Johann Jacob Merlo: The Masters of the Old Cologne School of Painting , p. 139
  18. ^ Friedrich Baudri: Organ for Christian Art , 1865, p. 54
  19. ↑ she owned several houses on the Rinkenpfuhl
  20. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo: The Hackeney family in Cologne , 1863, p. 61
  21. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo: The Hackeney family in Cologne , 1863, p. 50
  22. ^ Cologne and Bonn with their surroundings , Verlag Johann Peter Bachem, 1828, p. 114
  23. ^ Leonard Ennen: Sources for the history of the city of Cologne , 1867, p. 533
  24. ↑ Ludwig Arntz: Benedictine convent S. Agatha , 1934, pp. 248-252
  25. ↑ Peter Fuchs (ed.), Chronik zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln , Volume 2, 1991, p. 244
  26. ^ Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine , Volumes 65–72, 1898, p. 119
  27. ↑ Cologne women's prison "Bleche Botz" . In: KuLaDig, culture. Landscape. Digital. (accessed July 21, 2020)
  28. ↑ in tin trousers you are immobile like a prisoner
  29. ↑ Christiane Kling-Mathey: Countess Hatzfeld 1805–1881 , 1989 p. 44
  30. ↑ a b Jürgen Herres: 1848/1849: Revolution in Cologne , 1998, p. 58
  31. ↑ Peter Fuchs (ed.), Chronik zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln , Volume 2, 1991, p. 136
  32. ↑ Werner Jung: Das neuzeitliche Köln , 2004, p. 142 f.
  33. ↑ Elmar Buck: Thalia in Flames: Theater fires in history and present , 2000, p. 73
  34. ↑ Kölnischer Geschichtsverein (Ed.), Yearbook , Volumes 10–11, 1928, p. 137
  35. ↑ Isabelle Kirgus: Renaissance Cologne: architecture and equipment 1520-1620 , 2000, p 72
  36. ^ Gerhard Fehl, Juan Rodriguez-Lores Birkhäuser: Stadt-Umbau , 1995, p. 157
  37. ↑ Not to be confused with the Schierenberg House, also built by the architect, in Cologne's Neustadt-Nord
  38. ↑ Werner Jung: Das neuzeitliche Köln , 2004, p. 137
  39. ^ Gerhard Fehl, Juan Rodriguez-Lores Birkhäuser: Stadt-Umbau , 1995, p. 162

Web links

Commons : Schildergasse  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 '11.2 "  N , 6 ° 57' 9.1"  E