Bartholomäus Bruyn the Elder

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Portrait of a lady with daughter

Bartholomew Bruyn (* 1493 to Wesel , † 1555 in Cologne , also Barthel Bruyn , Bartholomaeus Bruyn , Bertoult Bruyn meler . (NDL), Bartell Bruen ) was a German painter of the Renaissance and one of the leading portraitists of the 16th century .

Live and act

Born in 1493, Bruyn learned his trade at the same time as Joos van Cleve at Jan Joest , for example while working in Wesel, Kalkar and Werden , before moving to Cologne at a young age. Bruyn married Agnes († 1550) between 1515 and 1520. They had five children. From 1512 it can be assumed that he was working in the workshop of the so-called Master of St. Severin (Cologne) , but his activity in Cologne was not recorded for the first time until 1515. Just three years later, Bruyn became a member of the forty-four (extended city council). In the following, Bruyn established himself as a respected artist, particularly through his work as an altar painter and portraitist. Bruyn's lifelike and accurate characterization of the people portrayed is typical of his portraits. He also mostly chose curly degrees for his works. In 1549 the now prosperous Bruyn became a representative of the Schildergaffel (painters guild) in the Cologne council.

Bruyn's activities were not limited to Cologne: Among other things, he made altar paintings for the Essener Damenstift from 1522/25 , which are today in the church of St. Johann Baptist in front of the Essen Minster . In 1529/34 the altar wings of the high altar of the collegiate church St. Viktor in Xanten followed, including a self-portrait with portraits of his wife and his eldest son. The Xanten Altar marked a turning point in Bruyn's work, as he deepened his knowledge of Italian Renaissance painting and increasingly used prints from Italy. For Cologne, where Bruyn had his own workshop, in which his sons Arnt Bruyn and Bartholomäus Bruyn the Younger also worked, the cycle of paintings for the cloister of the Carmelite monastery should be mentioned as a work by Bruyn from 1547 . In 1539 a master Johan worked in his workshop . He drew the portraits of Christian and Hermann von Weinsberg . The latter work says on the front: "Effigies Hermanni a Weinsberch Anno 1539 carbone depicta aetatis 22 fere." And on the back: "This is the contrafitung Hermanni von Weinsberch made in 1539 because he wonte in the Cronenburssen with syner bonettes (hat) and the palt skirt was sanguine and the mauwen (sleeves) were made of leather. Syn broder Christian still almost kyndian, consequently smirted the roit stains about the fact that stain was under the eyes eyn lochelgyn in papyr. That face is changed by folgenss seyrr, by eyn kale stirn, bart and rüntzel that bar was domailss kastanienbrün. ”His late work is characterized by altar paintings for Cologne churches as well as the crucifixion altar in St. Andreas, which was made shortly before his death . Bruyn died in 1555. It remains unclear whether April 22nd, noted in the accounts of the parish church of St. Alban, is the day of his death or burial. With his death, the most productive phase of Cologne renaissance painting ends, which is characterized by adherence to traditional genres (winged altar) and themes (row of saints) while at the same time opening up to new trends.

Works

Portrait of a Young Woman (1539), Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum
Portrait of a Young Man (1539), Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum
  • 1515 house altar for Professor Peter van Clapis and Bela, b. Bonenberg. Their portraits can be found on the inside with the depictions of St. Ivo and St. Anna. Middle panel: Coronation of Mary. External panel: Annunciation in gris, in grisaille . 1891 with Franz Hax, Cologne. In this and the following works, Eduard Firmenich-Richartz reminds Eduard Firmenich-Richartz of Joos van Cleve.
  • Madonna on the crescent moon with St. Benedict and Scholastica. 1891: Consul Eduard Weber in Hamburg.
  • Altar: Trinity and Annaselbdritt , Museum Berlin, No. 613, 613a.
  • Altar: Trinity and Annaselbdritt with St. Gereon Consul Weber, Hamburg.
  • Martyrdom of St. Ursula , Museum Cologne, No. 219.
  • Annunciation , Darmstadt, No. 255.
  • Cross altar for the Carthusian Church in Cologne, Pinakothek Munich, No. 68–72.

These paintings are part of his early work. The scenes are back-painted by landscapes.

  • Maria and Johannes venerated by an abbot, Cologne Museum, No. 304.
  • Resurrection of Christ with saints and donors Kunibert Church, Cologne. The side panels with John the Baptist and John the Evangelist show a more mature hand as a painter.
  • Madonna with the praying Duke of Cleve , Museum Berlin No. 631. "The flat ideal Bartehl heads, as if they were turned out of wood, are now rounder, shorter and coarser, bright colors shine out of a brownish overall tone."
  • 1520 Hermann and Sybilla Rinck oil on oak, pyxis portraits, miniature pictures including coat of arms, Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne. What is remarkable is the representation of the shadow portrait of the person depicted and the shadow cast by the frame.
  • 1522–1525 Eight main altar wing paintings , Essen women's monastery
  • Johannes van Ryht Portrait of the Mayor of Cologne, 1891 in the Berlin gallery
  • Councilor Martin in the Hoefe portrait
  • 1529–1534 Eight high altar paintings , four large wing paintings, a medium-sized, semicircular depiction of the Crucifixion as a crown. The three small pictures in the middle are from the 19th century, St. Viktor in Xanten. Depictions: St. Helena with Constantine , Sylvester , St. Viktor , St. Gereon Ecce homo , Resurrection . The woodwork of the four-wing reliquary altar was created by Master Wilhelm von Roermond from Cologne, eight journeymen were involved in the creation of the work. Bruyn gives the physiognomies contemporary portraits.
High altar St. Viktor, Xanten, 1534
  • 1545 Mayor of Heymbach
  • Mayor Arnold Browiller († July 4, 1552), two portraits
  • 1549 Heinrich and Hilgin / Helene Salzburg double portrait, each panel measures 82 × 55 cm. The 27-year-old Heinrich Salzburg († June 16, 1553) is a lawyer, his 52-year-old wife was born Tyndarius and the widow of the Fassbinder banner master, Theis von Polhem. He married her 3 years ago.
  • Dr. Peter van Clapis († September 15, 1551), lawyer. Bruyn portrayed him at least 5 times. His Pyxis portrait , a miniature picture including coat of arms from 1537, is in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Cologne.
  • Hittorp portrait
  • Kannegiesser portrait
  • 1547 New Testament cycle of images
  • 1550/55 Triptych : The Adoration of the Magi (central panel), St. Georg (inside, left wing), St. Christophorus (inside, right wing), Annunciation to Mary / donor figure (outside, left wing), the flight to Egypt / donor figure (outside, right wing), oil on oak. On the outside are the donor figures of Gortzius Geldorp and the Annunciation and Flight into Egypt. 73 × 50 cm (central panel) | 71 × 21 cm (wing). In the Kunstmuseum Basel since 1921
  • 1550 Christian von Weinsberg , posthumous portrait in oil on wood, presumably based on a drawing by his workshop employee, Master Johan ad J.1539.
  • 1551 widow Christian von Weinsberg
  • 1551 Hermann and Grete von Weinsberg
  • Paintings for the altar in St Johann Baptista, Pinakothek in Munich and Nuremberg Germanisches Museum.
  • Crucifixion of St. Andreas in Cologne
  • Last Supper of St. Severin in Cologne

literature

  • Oskar Eisenmann:  Bruyn, Bartholomäus the Elder . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 456 f.
  • Eduard Firmenich-Richartz : Bartholomaeus Bruyn and his school. An art historical study. (= Contributions to the history of art, new part 14). EA Seemann, Leipzig 1891 ( archive.org ).
  • Eduard Firmenich-Richartz: Bruyn, Bartholomew I . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 5 : Brewer-Carlingen . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1911, p. 154–158 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive - also B. de Bruyn according to his own receipt, Bartold Bruin on his seal, Bartel Bruen and Bruns).
  • Wolfgang Braunfels :  Bruyn, Bartholomäus the Elder. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 692 ( digitized version ).
  • Exhibition catalog: Barthel Bruyn: 1493–1555. Complete list of his portraits and Altarpieces. Memorial exhibition on the occasion of the 400th year of his death. Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne 1955.
  • Horst-Johs (Johannes) Tümmers: The altarpieces of the elder Bartholomäus Bruyn. With a critical catalog. Cologne 1964 (at the same time dissertation at the University of Cologne 1959).
  • Hildegard Westhoff-Krummacher: Barthel Bruyn the Elder as a portrait painter. Munich 1965.
  • Horst-Johannes Tümmers: Bartholomäus Bruyn the Elder: 1493–1555; a painter from the Lower Rhine. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1982, ISBN 3-7927-0646-6 .
  • Frank Günter Zehnder: Gothic painting in Cologne, Old Cologne paintings from 1300–1550. 2nd edition Cologne 1993.
  • Annekatrein Löw: Bartholomäus Bruyn: the collection in the Wesel Municipal Museum. Städtisches Museum Wesel, Wesel 2002, ISBN 3-924380-65-1 .

Web links

Commons : Bartholomäus Bruyn (I)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Cathryntgin / Katharina married to Georgen van Lunen; Arnt married to Gertruyden / Gertrud († 1580); Clairgin / Klara married to Peter Bach; Bartholo / emeus and Mathias as the religious name Paulus.
  2. ^ Eduard Firmenich-Richartz: Bartholomaeus Bruyn and his school. An art historical study. P. 18, fig. P. 20 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  3. ^ Eduard Firmenich-Richartz: Bartholomaeus Bruyn and his school. An art historical study. Pp. 49–50 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ T (obias) Brand: The rise of Rinck's online
  5. ↑ Kölnisches Stadtmuseum ( Memento from September 6, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  6. ↑ T (obias) Nagel: Age doesn't matter online
  7. ↑ G. Herzog: Can pictures online
personal data
SURNAME Bruyn, Bartholomew the Elder
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bruyn, Bathel; Bruin, Bartold; Bruen, Bartel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Renaissance painter and portraitist
DATE OF BIRTH 1493
PLACE OF BIRTH Wesel
DATE OF DEATH 1555
Place of death Cologne